Related commands for text processing
- sort
- uniq
- cut
- comm
- diff
sort: sort the data in the file, and displays the results on the standard output
Command syntax: sort [option] [file]
| Options | Option Meaning |
|---|---|
| -m | If a given file is sorted, then merged file |
| -u | After ordering the same line of thought, leaving only one row |
| -d | Lexicographically sorting, comparison only letters, numbers, spaces and tabs meaningful |
| -f | The capital letters and lowercase letters treated equally |
| -r | Sort results by reverse output |
| -c | Check whether a given file has been sorted, if they have not sorted, print an error message and exit with status value 1 |
Example: The data file cs.log sorted and displayed on the screen
[root@localhost ~]# sort cs.log
Cs.log read the file contents to reverse sort the file and displayed on the screen
[root@localhost ~]# sort -r cs.log
uniq: delete the duplicate rows from the output file
Command syntax: uniq [options] [file]
| Options | Option Meaning |
|---|---|
| -c | In the display output of each line plus the number of the Bank appear in the file |
| -d | Output only duplicate rows |
| -D | Show all duplicate rows |
| -u | Display only files do not duplicate rows |
| -s k | Skip money when compared to K characters, K is the number |
| -w K | After the contents of the first K characters per line not controls, K is the number |
| -f K | Comparison skip the first K columns, K is the number |
| -i | When case-insensitive comparison |
Example: do not duplicate rows of data view file contents cs.log
[root@localhost ~]# cat cs.log
wewe
wewe
uoij
124
[root@localhost ~]# uniq -u cs.log uoij 124 cut: shows the selected byte, character or field (field) line from each file
Command syntax: cut [options] [file]
| Options | Option Meaning |
|---|---|
| -b <list> | Select only these bytes specified |
| -c <list> | Select only those characters specified |
| -d <delimiter> | Instead of using the specified character tab exploded night boundary region |
| -f <list> | Separated list of fields specified file is contemplated delimiter (The default tab) |
| -n | Cancel split multi-byte characters. Only used with the -b option. If the last-byte characters within a range of fall have a list of parameters indicated by the -b option, the character will be written out; otherwise change the character will be excluded |
| -s | No printed line contains no delimiter |
Examples: display file / etc / passwd user login and user full name field, and this is the first one of the five fields separated by a colon.
[root@localhost ~]# cut -f 1,5 -d: /etc/passwd
root:root
bin:bin
daemon:daemon
adm:adm lp:lp sync:sync shutdown:shutdown halt:halt mail:mail operator:operator games:games ftp:FTP User nobody:Nobody systemd-network:systemd Network Management dbus:System message bus polkitd:User for polkitd sshd:Privilege-separated SSH postfix: chrony: li: comm: Progressive compare two files had been ranked order of
Command Syntax: comm [options] [file 1] [File 2]
| Options | Option Meaning |
|---|---|
| -1 | The output file is not unique to line 1 |
| -2 | 2 output file is not specific to the line |
| -3 | The output file is not unique to line 3 |
Example: Compare the file file1 and file2 file contents
[root@localhost ~]# cat file1
a
aa
[root@localhost ~]# cat file2
a
bb
[root@localhost ~]# comm file1 file2
a
aa
bb
comm: file 2 is not in sorted order Comparison of file1 and file2, only the contents of the display data file file1 and file2 same row
[root@localhost ~]# comm -12 file1 file2
a
comm: file 2 is not in sorted order diff: one by one to compare two text files, list the differences between
Command syntax: diff [options] [file 1] [File 2]
| Options | Option Meaning |
|---|---|
| -b | Ignore trailing spaces, two or more of a string of space characters are considered equal |
| -c | Use the context output format |
| -r | When comparing directories, recursively compare any subdirectories found |
| -Y | In two side by side output format |
| -W<n> | When parallel output format, using the specified column width, n represents a number |
| -u | Using a common output format |
| -i | Ignore case differences in file contents |
| -w | Ignore all whitespace |
| -a | All files are treated as a text file line by line comparison |
| -B | Ignore changes due insert or delete blank lines |
| -q | If only a brief comparison of different output file |
| -s | When two files are the same reports |
| -t | Tab is extended in the output space, the input file protection tab alignment |
| -x <mode> | Exclude files matching pattern |
| -X <file> | When comparing directories, ignore and directories contained in any style specified file matching files and directories |
Example: Compare file1 and file2 files, list the differences between
[root@localhost ~]# cat file1
a
aa
[root@localhost ~]# cat file2
a
bb
[root@localhost ~]# diff file1 file2
2c2,3
< aa
---
> bb
>