------ mysql Series 2 of data types, indexes, keys, stored engine

A, Mysql data types:

1, Value Type:

  整数类型:使用unsigned修饰时,只取正值,数值不够指定宽度时,在左边补空格

                  整数类型包括:tinyint,smallint,int等

  浮点型:  (5,2)总长度和小数点后的长度

                 包括:float,double,decimal(固定长度,不符合长度要求输入不进去)

2, character types:

   char:  定长,255个字符,右边用空格补齐,效率高

   varchar: 可变长,按数据实际大小分配空间,邮箱可用varchar

        大文本类型:text、blob

3, the date and time type:

 日期时间:datetime(8个字节)    timestamp(4个字节)

 日期: date   0001-01-01~9999-12-31

 年份:year    1901-2155    当用两位表示时 :01-69 表示20XX     70-99 表示 19XX

    时间:time    HH:MM:SS,占用三个字节

4, a function of time

  now()  :获取调用此函数时的系统日期时间

  month()   ,date()    time()  :获取指定的月份,日期,时间

5, enumerated types: hobbies, gender, profession

 字段名       enum(值1,值2,值3)     单选   可用数字来表示

 字段名       set (值1,值2,值3)   多选

6, field constraints: how to limit the field assignment

  null(为空)  ,not null(非空),default(默认值)

Two, Mysql Index

Advantages and disadvantages: take up physical storage space, slow down the write speed; speed up queries

1, the general index: index

 可以有多个索引字段,其值可以重复和空值,在表结构中,其key键的值显示为:mul

   创建:create table user( id int(3), index(id)); //创建表时创建

           create index id on user1(id);   //在已存在的表里创建

删除:drop index id on user1;   //在user1表里删除index为id的索引

2, a unique index: unique index key value in that column is expressed as: UNI

  一个表中可以有多个唯一索引,对应字段的值不能重复,当不为空时,限制功能

And the same primary key.

   创建:create  unique index  hz_id  on   s2(hz_id);

   删除:   drop    index    hz_id    on    s2;

Third, the primary key, composite primary key, foreign key

1, the primary key: primary key of a table can have only one primary key, which is expressed as: PRI

对应的字段值不能为空。

    创建:alter  table   表名    add primary key (字段名);

    删除:alter  table  表名    drop  primary key;  

primary key 与 auto_increment连用,字段的值自动增长

在创建主键时,在后面加上 auto_increment,删除主键时,

First of all you want to delete from increased property, that is, to modify the properties of the field

2, the composite primary key: a plurality of fields of the table with a primary key, to create together

     创建:alter  table  s1   add   primary   key(stu_id,name);

     删除:  alter  table  s1   drop   primary  key;

3, foreign key rule: InnoDB storage engine, and the width of the same type, the reference table: preferably a master key

  创建:foreign      key(A表字段名)         references    B表名(字段名)  

           on update cascade(同步更新)  on delete cascade;(同步删除)  

    删除外键:alter  table 表名   drop  foreign  key   约束名;

 外键名查询:show  create table  表名\G,可以查询

Four, Mysql storage engine

    何为存储引擎:负责为数据库执行实际的数据I/O操作,

Different storage engines, its way of storing data is not the same,

In mysql5.7, the default storage engine is innodb.

1, View: show create table sys_in; // view a table storage engine

             show engines;        //查看数据库支持的和默认的存储引擎

2, modify the default database storage engine: vim /etc/my.cnf

 default-storage-engine=myisam/innodb

3, modify a table there is a default engine:

  alter table 表名 engine=innodb;

4, the difference between innodb and myisam

myisam: supports table-level locking, suitable for small to read write; .frm (table structure), .MYI (index), .MYD (data)

innodb: supports row-level locking for read-write less, to support foreign keys, supports transactions, transaction rollback, .frm (table structure) .ibd (index + data)

5, locks and related definitions affairs

 锁类型:读锁(共享锁),写锁(排它锁)

 锁粒度:表锁,行锁,页锁(内存)

 事务:一次sql操作从连接到断开连接的过程称为事务。要么成功,要么失败

 事务日志文件:ib_logfile(sql语句存放位置);ibdata1(数据信息)

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Origin blog.51cto.com/14421478/2414996