The world is not divided to continue to be called more small part can be resolved, whether it is to understand and try to solve the problems, both should be a huge task to do the split, there should also be a path from local to global and holistic research . When people in this large system of social status is not just solving skills, as well as the system itself support issues.
- Explore the theory of general systems theory
- Target general systems theory
- Closed and open systems: the limitations of conventional physics
- Information theory and entropy
- Causality and causal theory
- What is the organization
- General systems theory and science as a whole
- Education in general systems theory: the scientific results
- Science and Society
- The ultimate criterion: Man is an individual
1. theory of general systems theory to explore
We in the face of Western science, and always will find us will be faced with an increasing number of disciplines, sub-disciplines such as, for example, physics, classical physics, physics, astronomy and physics. Expert certain subject only to the contents of this subject is well aware of the general out of this subject, experts have no way to solve the problem. Science Statistics found possible problems and solve in another subject, the more likely we are to solve the same problem over and over again in different disciplines encountered in certain disciplines. The contents of each disciplinary research gradually broken down, and experts segments of the content only for their own areas fingertips. In this case, the integrity of the scientific problem or contact the experts do hurt hair.
General systems theory in an attempt to solve the interaction and the associated integrity, but it also faces many problems. Theory general systems theory derived from a particular discipline, initially models are some special disciplines, but the general systems theory scholars of the subject-specific background is not so understanding. Even so, there are some general theory of systems theory are identified from different disciplines. For example, biological growth law was originally found in the increase of the number of species laws of biology, and then reacting the law again to be found in a chemical reaction, and then to be found again in econometrics.
Mechanics physics to study the relationship between unrelated objects to get a good development, so people will research ideas into the biology of this study, so the whole organization split into what the organization is divided into cells, cell research into a series of physical and chemical reactions. This research ideas forgot the whole biological characteristics, have forgotten interaction and contact between the cells and the cells.
General systems theory is that this author has appeared in front of the biological background knowledge, a question "Why is the whole biological features far more than the sum of each part of it," he pushed open the door with a general systems theory. General systems theory focuses on ideas to solve common problems, to solve the holistic thinking, expand on the model of the system.
2. The objective of general systems theory
Target of general systems theory is an attempt to study the integrity of things, and overall features are all part from the comparison, it is more concerned about integrity. At the same time, it is also trying to integrate various disciplines, return to wholeness and integration. Model of general systems theory are generally logical and mathematical models, not tied to a specific subject in the background.
If you are a professional practitioner, whether a particular subject or application of professional researchers and who view the general systems theory can be very helpful out certain restrictions on your subject, interdisciplinary study and application will become It was extremely easy.
3. closed and open systems: the limitations of conventional physics
In a closed environment, classical physics system is always ignoring its internal chemical reactions considered state of. However, under the laws of thermodynamics suggests that the system is always advancing toward maximum entropy state in a closed environment, and finally maintained in this state is stable. But in an open systems environment really is different, it is obvious to the outside world input and output, regardless of the system at the beginning just how disorderly and chaotic, but eventually the system will reach a steady state, this steady state may entropy ratio small beginning, the system toward a more orderly state forward, and entropy through the output or input into the system. We can not give a reasonable explanation when conventional physics system in the face of such an open environment, in particular the system from a state of confusion more ordered state is reached, because, according to the laws of thermodynamics, the system will move forward toward maximum entropy state, but but a more orderly system.
4. information theory and entropy
Information theory definition information is represented by a negative entropy. Cybernetic feedback model is among the very classic model, it appears among individual organisms, which also appears in other systems. On feedback model system is embodied integrity feature, receive the identification information input by the system as a whole and a feedback mechanism to provide feedback. The features of this model reflects the feedback mechanism is also a feature of the system is similar to an open environment.
5. causality and causal theory
This result occurs when the definition of causality and causality can query through the network, there must be a more popular explanation what the reason, and the reason is relatively fixed, this cause to the result from the process of interpreting impression It is very linear, rigid. For example, what goes around. I did a good thing because I got a good report is the fruit. Cause and effect is directly connected, ignore the change process. If you follow the causal theory to explain the world, then between charity and was rewarded is happening. Through the system theory, a system to do good just something that happened, it does not determine the status of the current system, the return from the current state of the system to a steady state process is uncertain, the minimum length of time is not OK, but it can eventually reach a steady state. The final steady state of the system is rewarded, then, what goes around when we find the analysis phase of the system, there may be evil for good deeds done, there may be rewarded, but in the end there will be good reports, the process will be tortuous. The same realization, causality can not be achieved in a manner contrary to the rules of the system itself. This is mentioned in many books. "You can not use the system does not support a way to resolve the system problem now", for example, let the tiger vegetarian.
6. What is the organization
We can not find the keywords from the mechanical systems in classical physics: production, competition, aging and so on. Mechanical system of classical physics is a part of the overall increase and may become a kind of system, there is no dependency between them and a part. System general systems theory are studied can be defined as organizations, they will produce, competition, evolution, aging and so on. There is a relationship between the components of the organization. These relationships play a crucial role within the overall system. For example there is competition of a biological growth system, within the system there are factors conducive to the growth of the species, but also the factors conducive to the growth of the species, the number of species ultimately depends on the balance of these two factors within the system. When the system presents a state of equilibrium, increasing favorable factors, species growth and increased unfavorable factors, the final favorable and unfavorable factors to achieve homeostasis.
7. The general systems theory and science as a whole
Science is classify, things will continue to study the finer parts division called, until it can be resolved. General systems theory is to start from the back of scientific research is carried out research from the individual level up, as the size of the individual is defined according to the actual situation. Studies such as biology, biology research ideas to a single organ, a single organization, the order of individual cells; research ideas of systems theory is all organs and related links, and all relevant organizations to contact, all cell populations and their relationships.
8. Education in general systems theory: the achievements of science
People must have heard "My life is limited, knowledge has no limits. To a career with no limits, has been useless!". As more and more of Discipline, it is only limited energy can only cover a very limited subject. There is no change in the situation of discipline it? There is a system theory, discrete content will again return to the whole thing. On the third child is a systematic cognitive theory as a framework for the best, the best resilience, currently I think so. He also said "at least get as many as confusion" with the contents of these now to explain, we only grasp the essence of the system theory, you can spend a little effort to understand a lot of discipline. If only a one discipline to learn, and finally only the word "useless already."
9. Science and Society
Scientific research has been widely adopted, which promoted the rapid progress of human society in all respects, but in the process, people often ignore the impact of these scientific research on human society. Enhance the efficiency and improve the speed of human society had a systemic effect, is not a simple and intuitive influence. For example, if we use the intuitive linear operation, insist on reading every 50 books, over time will grow very significantly. This seriously neglected the people's human nature that people read it and rely on motor current acting like people have emotions, there will be fluctuations in the state, we will be faced with temptation.
10. The ultimate criterion: Man is an individual
Individuals who are treated as social studies, rather than a variety of physical or chemical reaction on the cell biology, is the ultimate criterion of general systems theory. If you continue to think about scientific research along the way, human society is certainly simplified systems for a variety of classical physics, emotional, impulsive, innovation will probably be considered an abnormal state, it should be eliminated. People can be counted as individuals to study the progress of humanity.