Original: Allah Shennong Shennong and friends of essays
Benpian connected to an " About three ultimate question of learning " (hereinafter referred to it as "three questions")
origin
If the "three questions" What great regret, it is that it does not propose solutions to the problems, not even explore a viable path. After Indeed, in 2015 I reflect on three questions, until last year to find a lucky for me now, it seems at least possible way. Note here multiple qualifiers. As in the "three questions" mentioned above, everyone is in their own exploration in no man's land on the issue of learning. So, I need to find a way each person on their own experience, digest, transform, until finally become their own way.
So, what that road I was lucky to find it? You can use three words to describe, it is multi-skill, deliberate practice and lifelong growth. Now I'll talk about them in detail and try to control the length of the length.
What is a "multi-skill"
"Three questions", I mentioned The waves of thing. In the era of ultra-fast technology update - for example, due to the recent Google I / O 2019 has caused a wave of chase Kotlin, Flutter, and even predict but even surface never seen Fuschia will turn dry Linux, Android and the like wind (BTW, Fuschia really say that they want to do to turn Android? Android is one of the protagonists in to the conference), for people who have some work experience (one year, two years of work experience are considered) is a large the trouble is to not All in the new technology? The thought that he would become obsolete in the near future people are really panicked.
Undisguised have to say, it is my own technical upgrading of the beneficiaries. 2010 years ago, when I did not do Android, Symbian is flourishing, I want to cast a resume Symbian development can not be selected. After a short period of 2-3 years, I actually do it and a group of veteran Saipan brothers together the dry Android. Fortunately, I never thought that this is a matter of personal ability, but the general trend. Since it is a trend caused by, then one day a trend will not give me (or my friends) bring the same reversal? How should build their own moat?
I believe this is a commonplace problem, while the domestic common answer is nothing more than two, one is to work as management, is playing a combination of boxing business knowledge + technology. Here we do not discuss such a solution is technically superb, after all, it would only fit a few people.
If you do not yet consider the use of these two methods of solution, then, I say "multi-skill" is probably another good solution. What is multi-skill? Simply put, you have a specialty, and then also doing well in other respects. Note that more comprehensive than full stack multi-skill, more in line with the law.
First, the whole stack never said the whole stack every aspect of what should have skill level.
Second, as we have always said, no one is an expert in all aspects.
So, what is special, what is energy ? 18 years I was fortunate to see the "experience," a book the teacher Wu Jun, inside there is a chapter drew such a picture:
IT engineer Wu teacher will be divided into five levels:
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Fifth grade: to solve problems independently, to complete the project work.
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Fourth grade: can guide and lead others to perform more influential work together.
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Third level: independent product design and implementation, and success in the market.
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The second stage: to design and implement products that others can not make, that his role is difficult to replace.
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The first stage: to create a product.
Most people at level 5 and 4. Nothing to be ashamed of, and I was close to the fourth grade in their own work. But from the point of view of the publication of books, I can barely count the third stage. BTW, Wu says he is in 2.5.
Then, the "knowledge" There is also this to say:
According to percentile calculation, we work in the field of technology can do three realms:
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From 0 to 50 minutes are common sense . To do this is not difficult, it does not need to spend too much effort to know more about it, look for someone to ask almost on the line. For example, everyone can say that the parameters of mobile phones on twelve, just like Beijing taxi driver pointing country the same. Another example is a classic case of the driver instead of Einstein Einstein to lecture.
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50 assigned 90 points by technology . In this realm, we need to invest time and effort into the more effective, the higher the score. Note again here qualifier - effective investment, this and the following "deliberate practice" are closely related.
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90 100 points assigned by Art . This is only suitable master without discussion, I not worthy discussion.
In accordance with the above percentile, my "special" and "can" was a division:
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Specifically: a certain direction means can be done in 80 to 90 minutes.
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Can be: in a certain direction can be done 60 to 80 minutes.
Before this I do not know Wu percentile, I "can" ask yourself this one is so - I do have to be able to understand what you're saying. Obviously, this is actually a common sense stage 0 to 50, still not enough on the "energy." Later, I decided to be able to read other people's code as the "energy" of the basic requirements, the best can write yourself a few Demo, to contribute some code related projects.
Impact of multi-skill and Wu teacher above statement to me a lot (the word comes from the requirements of multi-skill work in a leadership put to me, the word is the first time I heard from him), thorough the liberation of my mind.
In the multi-skill did not know before, such as 2016 to 2019 I was writing "in-depth understanding of Android JVM ART" a book when, after the rise of the wave of artificial intelligence and block chain. I think, I can not watch their outdated ah, it was extremely awkward and struggling to learn AI, Blockchain. But I have been very tangled, felt betrayed Android Framework that has been loved for many years, "Zhiling" to find another Zhiling (about Zhiling stems, the public can see the number of first article " deep understanding" of target What is? ")
With multi-skill as a thought, I completely let go, dare to pursue different things, such as the following are left when I pursue a variety of Zhiling experience:
2018-2019 year I work according to need, just learn it in the front JS, Java back-end development, project management, leadership, MBA, security technology, iOS, etc. (I even put all the learning of all the notes moved to a place called "a designed pluripotent "folder under the - the bottom left corner of the diagram).
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It is said that you learn is half-baked. What does it matter? In these areas, there is something I want to understand common sense, there is something I want to do "can." Half a bucket of water to half a bucket of water, I would have thought an alternative who is very afraid of?
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经常会有人吐槽，说XXX啥也不懂，瞎指挥，其潜意思不正是说XXX没有这方面的常识吗？所以，如果你是做技术人员的领导，恐怕要重新规划下，先掌握下相关技术领域内的常识。
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还有人说自己不适合做管理，一点和管理沾边的文章，书都不想看。现在，我觉得你没有任何理由了。不做管理大师，懂一点管理常识总可以吧？另外，如果真要想做管理，通过努力学习，实践，做到70~80分也还是可以的吧？
听君一席话胜读十年书，一专多能让我这个圆脸中老秃胖的技术春心再次荡漾。我已经瞄准了Kotlin、Flutter、iOS（为此我还专门虚拟机安装了一个黑苹果）。最好再多来几个，学学学，能成为王语嫣（王语嫣的梗也请参考公众号的首篇文章“深入理解”的目标是什么？”）也很有价值啊。所以，现在大家明白这个公众号的名称里压根没Android几个字的原因了吧？——为什么我只能和大家交流Android呢？
什么是“刻意练习”
那么，如何才能在新领域里从50分做到80甚至90分呢？答案是“刻意练习”。刻意练习来源一本书，全名是《刻意练习：如何从新手到大师》。大家一定听过一个10000小时的理论，意思是什么东西只要坚持搞10000个小时，就能成为专家。不过，这个理论有一个极大的误区——那就是它只强调了时间上的投入。
继续拿我自己举例。大学考研的时候，我是复习最用功的，但却是全系考外校研究生里成绩最差的。我们本科学校另外两个同学，考研成绩一个比我高40分，一个高70分。我绝对比他们用功，是什么原因？原因很简单，因为我是个急性子，不管是看书还是做题，我都下意识得图个快，所以，碰到稍微需要深度动脑，需要深度想一想的知识，题目我都跳过去了。然后反反复复记的都是自己已经会的知识，做得都是自己会做的题目——嗯，这就是码农界所谓的Copy/Paste手法。显然，一个Copy/Paste熟练工即使坚持10w个小时，其结果和坚持10个小时没什么差别。
我到现在依然是个急性子，这可能已经无法改了。为了缓解无效学习的问题，我的解决方法很简单，就是凡学到看不懂的地方，一律强迫自己不能跳过去看后面的内容。从研究生开始，一直到工作十二年，一直是这样过来的。压抑自己的天性是一件很痛苦的事情，但恰恰只有在这种时候才可能成长。学习的过程从来不快乐。注意，当下流行学习碎片化知识，如果是要了解常识，我觉得没问题，但要做到50分以上，不投入是不行的。
刻意练习这本书就说得很清楚，如果你要真正成长，你必须刻意去练习。什么是刻意呢？简单点说，就是每一个阶段的目标都要比上一个阶段高一点，难一点。刻意练习并不是什么新鲜事情，从你读书开始就一直是这么个套路。比如，从小学，初中、高中，每一次升级都是会有新的难度。所以，10000个小时的Copy/Paste就和小学重读10遍一样——也还是个小学生水平。
很值得警惕的是，到了工作之后，人们反而忘记自己一直以来的学习过程，转而去追求快餐式、碎片化式的学习——不过这到也没错，看你想达到哪个分数段。
刻意练习的过程中一定会碰到很多困难，但我觉得主要是心理和精神层面上的。作为过来人以及继续在这条路上前行的人，我想给大家一点心得——这非常重要。因为无人区里，我们互相鼓舞，打气以及能指明前进方向或目标是至关重要的。温伯格在《技术领导者之路》的“真实世界成长”一节中有这么一个图：
这个图意思是，每次进入一个更好成绩之前，必然会经历一段下滑，困难时期。在刻意练习的过程中，这也是经常会出现的。因为你在追求更高一级的目标时，往往以前的经验，方法不能马上用上，所以会迷茫，会沉闷。这时，只要你坚持探索，努力寻找适应新目标的方法和策略，就一定能爬出来。图中的凹陷区域就是我前面说的无人区。
知道自己在哪个区域是非常有用的。我在写《深入理解Android JVM ART》一书时，非常非常孤独，心中无数次想过“算了，不搞了”。好在我早已有这种经历，知道只要坚持下去就行了。不需要大智慧，也不需要小聪明，只要坚持。基于这样的认识，所以我前几天才和一个小伙伴说，你现在碰到困难，感到痛苦是好事，这意味着你要起飞了。
最后，总结一下：
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如果想做到50-90分区域，需要刻意练习。
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刻意练习的过程中会经常进入无人区。没关系，这是正常现象，坚持下去就好。
终身成长
终身成长来源于一本叫《终身成长:重新定义成功的思维模式》的心理学方面的书籍。我从这本书里学到的东西可见当时做的总结：
注意，上面图片里把书名写错了，是终身成长，不是终身成就。
文字版如下：
周末阅读了一本好书，《终身成就》，主要是介绍固定型思维模式和成长型思维模式， 显然，我们看待这个世界的事务，人等需要使用成长型思维模式。其中有几个关键点：
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看起来有些人在某些方面是很有天赋，但实际上是需要努力来维持这种能力的。以前讲PPT，总是会紧张，后来发现乔布斯每次都要准备很长时间。所谓台上一分钟，台下十年功，正是如此。
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我们看待事物不能以能力为准绳，谁都不会天生就会什么，一定要努力去争取。碰到困难，挫折，应该想办法去解决，而不是说我没这个天赋，一切原因都是因为我没这个天赋，能力。能力是可以培养的，是需要花时间，精力去学习和研究的。
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努力的过程中，要注意方法，不能用蛮力，一条筋，这样的努力其实也是固定思维。应该想着解决办法，多尝试不同方法。
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教育孩子也是，注意鼓励他们钻研的精神，而不是片面强调多聪明（防止将失败原因归结为不聪明) 。
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实际上，每个人都有少数几个比较精通的方向，而其他方向也是差不多就可以了。并不是要求样样顶尖，也不可能这样。
我个人情况来看，某些方面有成长型思维，某些没有。还是要在自己喜欢的方向上搞事情。其他的，反正也能做（不能拒绝不做）。
最后
还有，前几天和小伙伴交流的时候，给他大概看了下我对一专多能和刻意练习的总结。现在也拿出来作为本篇的结尾。
上面图片的文字版如下：
2018年6月29日, 星期五
最近有开始有点烦。烦的内容一样，即不知道下一步该干什么。这里需要系统评定下当前的自己
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在技术上，感觉到了一个无人区。并不是说自己很厉害，而是在这个环境下，技术上还没有碰到吸引自己继续很投入的内容。 之前花了半年时间研究了ai、区块链花了2个多月（没彻底研究完），go语言，python、nodejs等。大概都有了一些了解。 后面该干什么？后面学习东西时应使用什么策略？不知道。今天仔细思考了下，可能要一专多能了。一专：是指自己对以围绕android系统 为核心，包括设备端的系统，应用，底层，虚拟机的深入研究。多能：技术上应该包括对前后台内容、运维等各个方面的一定程度的了解。 除技术之外，包括MBA等各种非技术外的知识也要充分了解和掌握。技术之外的能力，需要结合工作需求来发展，不能脱离工作需求。
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两个底线：有时候想不清楚自己该干什么，不如先随它去，然后把底线卡住。这里有两个底线是要坚守的：
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保持技术上的专注：目前中短期看是要完成java虚拟机。后续想把几门语言（go，erlang，js等几种语言搞一个三周x语言这样的东西出来）
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保持职场上的专业精神（be professional）：认真对待工作内容，积极响应。一旦领导确认方向，努力并完善实现。
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最后的最后
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我期望的结果不是朋友们从我的书、文章、博客后学会了什么知识，干成了什么，而应该是说，神农，我可是踩在你的肩膀上得喔。
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关于学习方面的问题，我已经讨论完了。后面这个公众号将对一些基础的技术，新技术做一些学习和分享。也欢迎你的投稿。不过，正如我在公众号“联系方式”里说的那样——郑渊洁在童话大王《智齿》里有一句话令我印象深刻，大意是“我有权保持沉默，但你说的每一句话都可能成为我灵感的源泉”。所以，影响不是单向的，很可能我从你那学到的东西更多。