- Create a virtual environment
installation virtualenv:pip install virtualenv
problems may arise:
ImportError: cannot import name 'main'
python提示AttributeError:
'NoneType' object has no attribute 'append'
解决方法： pip install https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller/tarball/develop
- Create a project directory under the virtual environment
virtualenv image
- Activation
into the into the scripts folder new-env directory, windows under dir can see what files, runactivate
activate
-
Create a project
django-admin startproject dj01
If a problem occurs -> here
结构如下-》
dj01/ --项目根目录是一个容器
manage.py 一个命令行实用程序,可以让你与这个Django项目以不同的方式进行交互
dj01/ 实际Python包为您的项目
__init__.py 一个空文件,告诉Python这个目录应该考虑一个Python包
settings.py Django projec配置
urls.py Django projec URL声明
wsgi.py WSGI-compatible web服务器的一个入口点为您的项目
Run the following command (default port 8000):
python manage.py runserver
或 python manage.py runserver 8080
result:
-
Create a name is not the app Polls
python manage.py startapp pollsProject is structured as follows:
-
Configuration database
dj01 / settings.py replaced by the following fields of information:
defaultProject to match your database connection settings
ENGINEcan be [ 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 'django.db.backends.postgresql' , 'django.db.backends.mysql', or 'django.db.backends.oracle '] one. or other (this is similar to the data driver java)
NAMEdatabase name (using the sqlite3 os.path.join (bASE_DIR,' db.sqlite3 ') ,)
USERdatabase username
PASSWORDdatabase password
HOSTdatabase host address -
INSTALLED_APPS
INSTALLED_APPS set at the bottom of the file. It saves all the current Django Django application instance is activated. Each application can be used by multiple projects, and you can package and distribute it to other people to use in their projects.
django.contrib.auth - authentication system.
django.contrib.contenttypes - the content type framework.
django.contrib.sessions - session framework.
django.contrib.sites - Site management framework.
django.contrib.messages - message frame.
django.contrib.staticfiles - static file management framework.
python manage.py migrate
该命令参照settings.py 文件 `INSTALLED_APPS` 所配置的数据库中创建必要的数据库表。每创建一个数据库表你都会看到一条消息，接着你会看到一个提示询问你是否想要在身份验证系统内创建个超级用户。
- Creating models
from django.db import models
class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
class Choice(models.Model):
# ForeignKey
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
- The polls added dj01 / settings.py / INSTALLED_APPS in
Execute the following command: change of models already told django, let Django know you want to update an existing view.
python manage.py makemigrations polls
Results of the-
Migrations for 'polls':
polls/migrations/0001_initial.py:
- Create model Choice
- Create model Question
- Add field question to choice
Then execute the following command, we will see the generated database tables, and detailed sql statement.
python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001
BEGIN;
--
-- Create model Choice
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" (
"id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
"choice_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
"votes" integer NOT NULL
);
--
-- Create model Question
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_question" (
"id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
"question_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
"pub_date" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL
);
--
-- Add field question to choice
--
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice" ADD COLUMN "question_id" integer NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice" ALTER COLUMN "question_id" DROP DEFAULT;
CREATE INDEX "polls_choice_7aa0f6ee" ON "polls_choice" ("question_id");
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice"
ADD CONSTRAINT "polls_choice_question_id_246c99a640fbbd72_fk_polls_question_id"
FOREIGN KEY ("question_id")
REFERENCES "polls_question" ("id")
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
COMMIT;
Run the following command to create a data model for the table
python manage.py migrate
-
Shell API
executed in the same directory manage.py,python manage.py shellinto a shell command interface,
may be model operation.# Import the model classes we just wrote. >>> from polls.models import Question, Choice # No questions are in the system yet. >>> Question.objects.all() <QuerySet []> # Create a new Question. # Support for time zones is enabled in the default settings file, so # Django expects a datetime with tzinfo for pub_date. Use timezone.now() # instead of datetime.datetime.now() and it will do the right thing. >>> from django.utils import timezone >>> q = Question(question_text="What's new?", >>>pub_date=timezone.now()) # Save the object into the database. You have to call save() explicitly. >>> q.save() # Now it has an ID. Note that this might say "1L" instead of "1", depending # on which database you're using. That's no biggie; it just means your # database backend prefers to return integers as Python long integer # objects. >>> q.id 1 # Access model field values via Python attributes. >>> q.question_text "What's new?" >>> q.pub_date datetime.datetime(2012, 2, 26, 13, 0, 0, 775217, tzinfo=<UTC>) # Change values by changing the attributes, then calling save(). >>> q.question_text = "What's up?" >>> q.save() # objects.all() displays all the questions in the database. >>> Question.objects.all() <QuerySet [<Question: Question object>]>-
Django Admin
Create a super administrator
-
执行第一个命令，根据提示完成超级管理员的创建
python manage.py createsuperuser
执行以下命令，启动项目
python manage.py runserver
然后在在浏览器访问127.0.0.1:8000(根据自己设置的ip和端口访问)，将出现以下页面
Enter the steps to create a user name and password to access the following pages.
For the first time to enter the page does not exist POLLs labels, admin.py add the following code to refresh the page to see POLLS tab bar.
admin.site.register(Poll）
GIT source address: https://gitee.com/UniQue006/django_mysite.git