A, LINUX system simple description:
Linux security, efficiency, flexibility, unlike the windows as the face of the public, so universal, nor windows as there may be significant and easy to understand icons, it only has a large number of commands to operate.
But one thing to note, linux dangerous, because we are not familiar with, so in the beginning with accidentally delete important files or data.
Two, LINUX command brief:
LINUX command more, and each command by [man + command] to see this command has many parameters. Here we can slowly discover through our practice.
The following description will explain the various commands usage, for example, parameters can now also add that I just now after learning through discovery can continue to supplement and improve this document.
Third, the details of LINUX command:
1、cd
Description: Enter a folder
Usage: [cd + directory (folder)] {__ alimama_advert_con__}
For example:
[Cd] into the root directory can be queried by a pwd / root directory
[CD ..] into the upper level directory
[Cd /] into the root directory
[CD html] relative directory into which html
[Cd / var / www / html] into / var / www / html this absolute directory
2 ls
Description: Displays the following directory folder
Usage: [ls]
For example:
[Ls] to display files in the current directory folder or file
3、ls -l或ll
Description: The following detailed display a directory folder
Usage: [ls -l] or [ll]
For example:
[Ls -l] or [ll] detailed display files in the current directory folder or file
4、pwd
Description: Displays the current directory
Usage: [pwd]
For example:
[Pwd] displays the directory where the current location
5、cp
Description: Copy a file
Usage: [cp file folder / file]
For example:
[Cp aaa.txt / var / www / html] aaa.txt into the absolute directory / var / www / html inside by copying
[CP aaa.txt html] aaa.txt by copying the directory into opposite inside html html in the same directory and aaa.txt
[Cp aaa.txt bbb.txt] to copy aaa.txt to bbb.txt in the same directory
6、mv
Description: Cut a file
Usage: [mv]
For example:
[Mv aaa.txt / var / www / html] aaa.txt into the absolute directory / var / www / html inside by shearing
[Music Videos aaa.txt html] aaa.txt by cutting into the opposite inside aaa.txt html directory in the same directory and html
[Music Videos aaa.txt bbb.txt] aaa.txt cut to the same directory bbb.txt
7、rm
Description: Delete a file
Usage: [rm folder / file]
For example:
[Rm aaa.txt] to delete a file
[Rm aaa] to delete a folder
Common attributes:
rm -rf aaa.txt completely delete a file
8、mkdir
Description: Create a folder
Usage: [mkdir folder]
For example:
[Mkdir aaa] to create a folder
9、chmod
Description: modify the permissions of a file or folder
Special Note:
(1) forms: rwxrwxrwx 777
(2) Packet rights: their rights with the rights of other users of the user group permissions
(3) r is a readable value is 4, w is writable value is 2, x is an executable 1, - a value of 0 is no authority
r->4 w->2 x->1 rwx->7 rw->6 rx->5 wx->3
Usage: [chmod permissions to the folder / file]
For example:
[Chmod rwxrwxrwx aaa.txt] setting aaa.txt, which is the highest authority
[Chmod 777 aaa] aaa modify the permissions of a folder, which is the highest authority
10, takes
Description: extract the compressed file, there are a lot of decompression command, there decompress tar, tar.gz, zip, rar, and each type has unzip the file command
For different types of file compression and decompression, there are a lot of command, there are a lot of parameters
Usage: [tar parameters compressed files are compressed files]
Example: tar czvf aaa.tar.gz aaa aaa the file / folder compressed into compressed aaa.tar.gz
tar xzvf aaa.tar.gz decompressing the compressed aaa.tar.gz
11、cat
Description: View a text file
Usage: [cat aaa.txt]
For example: cat aaa.txt view the contents inside aaa.txt
12, vim / vi
Note: editing a text file
Usage: [vim aaa.txt]
Example: vim aaa.txt entering vim editor
Editing commands:
i enter the edit mode or a
esc exit the editor
: Q Quit
: W save
: Wq save and exit
: Q Force Quit!
:! Wq forced to save and exit
There are a particularly large number of editing commands, such as search, revoked. .
13、crontab
Description: Timing Run
Special Note:
* * * * * * php /var/www/html/aaa.php
Timeshare weeks sun and the moon command
Usage: [crontab -e]
Example: crontab -e timing of entering the editing mode Run
crontab -l command to enter the edit mode to view the timing of execution
12 11 * * / 1 7 php test.php month of Sundays 12:11 execute test.php file
14、shutdown
Description: Timing Run
Usage: [shutdown parameters Time]
For example: shutdown -h now shutdown now
shutdown -r now reboot now
Off Timer shutdown -h 11:50
15、init/telinit
Description: Off
Usage: [init / telinit parameters]
For example: init 0 Fast Shutdown
telinit 0 shutdown
Fourth, the use of LINUX command Example:
SSH [email protected] landed another LINUX operating system
service httpd restart httpd restart service
service mysqld stop service mysqld closed
service iptables status to view the status of the firewall
php aaa.php execute php file
ps aux | grep php // Check php process
top view process
kill 23423 kill thread
Kill all threads kill *
-R & lt SCP / var / Home [email protected]: / var / Home the front to the back of copy directories Directory
Backup mysqldump -u xxx -h xxx -P 3306 -p --all-databases> datebases.sql database
yum remove mysql-libs delete mysql libs
chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on startup
/ Sbin / iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT open port 3306
mysql -uole -p olenew xulei1143 landing mysql background
find ./ -name "* .txt" | xargs grep "mergeDup"; on the server a full-text search string
The split -l 10000 a.txt a.txt by 000 rows into multiple files
ps -efww | grep php | grep -v grep | cut -c 9-15 | xargs kill -9 delete all processes
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/tcl/tcl8.5.12-src.tar.gz Download Get File
yum install gcc gcc installed
Five, LINUX shortcuts:
insert + ctrl to copy
insert + shift Paste
table shortcut keys, the most commonly used for the output of any command in a directory or a file when the prompt is displayed match
ctrl + c forced logout state various commands, such as top
VI Summary
I am here simply describe what it linux command, in fact, there are a lot of configuration on linux we need to understand and learn. Do not rely too much on command mysql editor, to multi-purpose mysql command, which is the lowest level, when they could have used a good understanding of the principles.