File Finder locate and find

  Tools Find File

Tools Find File

 locate: Non-real-time file finder

Query depends on the prior construction index database: /varlib/mlocatr/mlocate.db
index database is manually created and implemented by updatedb command to create updated, but for a more resource-consuming system, the proposed system idle
work characteristics locate in:

1. Find faster, because the index database has been constructed in advance
2. Fuzzy Lookup
3. Non-real-time search, according to the database lookup, recently created files are typically not updated into the database
4. Search the full path of the file
5. You may only search for a user with permission to read and implement the current directory

Related options

locate  -i    不区分大小写
        -n    指定显示前几个
        -r    使用正则表达式  
示例：  locate  conf  搜索名称或路径中带有conf的文件
        locate  -r  ‘\.conf$’ 搜索以.conf结尾的文件  

  find: Find a real-time tool

To find the path to the file specified by scanning
work characteristics:

1. Find a bit slower
2. Exact Match
3. Find real-time

4. You may only search for a user with read and execute permissions to the directory

   Syntax: find / path - Options - processing operation
   path defaults to the current path is located

Find related options:

1. Find accordance with the conditions

   find /root -user li   查找属主为li的文件
        -group li   查找属组为li的文件   
        -uid 11 查找属主ID为11的文件
        -gid 11 查找属组ID为11的文件
        -nouser  查找没有属主的文件
        -nogroup 查找没有属组的文件  

2. Search by file type

   find /root -type  f  查找文件类型为f，即普通文件的文件  
   同上b：块设备文件
       c：字符设备文件
       d:目录文件
       l：符号链接文件
       s：套接字文件
       p：管道文件
       -empty 空文件或目录  
   示例： find /root -type d -empty  查找root下空的目录文件  

3. Search by file size:
   Supported by: k, m, g

   find /root -size n 搜索大小为n的文件（实际搜索大小为n-1至n大小的文件）
                   -n 搜索0至n-1大小的文件  
                   +n 搜索大于n的文件  
   示例：find /root -size 100m  搜索root下99m到100m的文件  

4. Search by timestamp:

   find /root atime n 搜索n+1至n天间被读取过的文件  以天文单位  
                    -n  
                    +n  
              ctime n 搜索n天至n-1天元数据发生过更改的文件
                    -n  
                    +n  
              mtine n 搜索n天至n-1天内容发生过更改的文件
                    -n  
                    +n  
   同上       amin  n  以分钟为单位  
              cmin  n  
              mmin  n  

5. Search by permission:

   find /root -perm 761   精确匹配   属主拥有7或属组拥有6或其他拥有1即匹配
              -perm /761  模糊匹配  属主拥有7中任何一项或属组拥有6中任何一项或其他拥有1的权限及匹配
              -perm -761  超·精确匹配 必须属主拥有7权限，同时属组拥有6权限，同时其他拥有1权限才匹配  

6. Other search options;

   -maxdepth n 指定搜索最大深度为n  
   -mindepth n 指定搜索最小深度为n  
   -depth  先处理目录内文件，在处理目录  
   -name 按文件名称搜索  支持通配符  
   -inum 按inode编号搜索  
   -samefile data 搜索与data相同inode号的文件 
   -links n 搜索链接数为n的文件   

 With multiple search criteria can be: in combination with -a or -o or -not

-a 与   
-o 或  
-not 非   或选项前加！
示例 ：find /root -name file -o -user root  
      find /root -name file -a -user root  
      find /root -name file -not -user root

Processing related actions:

    find /root -name data  -ls 类似ls -l命令，显示额外信息  
                            -delte 删除  
                            -fls /xx/ 将搜索到的文件长格式信息保存在xx文件中  
                            -ok 命令 {}/； 也可以接-ok，后面直接跟常用命令，结尾格式要求必须为{}/； {}引用前面搜索到文件的绝对路径 每个文件执行前都会要求用户交互式确认  
                             -exec 命令 {}/; 同-ok上 非交互式  

find the front of the processing operation is to search all the files back to a one-time transfer processing commands, some commands may not handle too many parameters, transmission need to use xargs
xargs Usage: Parameter | xargs processing operation
example

  find -type f -name “*.txt” -print0 | xargs -0 rm   

xargs transmission default separator is a space or carriage return, file name may have spaces as a named lead to conflict, this time used -print0 | xargs -0 specify delimiters for the NUL, NUL here is empty, a corresponding ascii decimal 0 code NUL

 
 

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