session and their usage
The so-called session, you can be understood as we use the Internet browser, close to the process browser.
is the session during the session, the server used to record information for a particular user session.
For example, you open the browser visiting the whole process of shopping pages, browse the merchandise which, in the shopping cart, the number of items,
These records will be stored in the server session.
If there is no session, so the situation may appear funny:
When you add a lot of merchandise purchased in the shopping cart, going to the settlement, we discovered cart empty Σ (っ ° Д °;) っ,
Because the server did not help you record you want to buy goods.
Relations session and cookies are also very close
cookies are stored with the encoded information session, session and stores information in the cookies
When the browser first visit shopping Web page, the server returns a field set cookies to the browser, the browser to save cookies to the local
And other browser second visit to this shopping website, will take cookies to the request,
cookies with encoded information in the session, the server can immediately identify the user, and returns the user session and relevant.
This is also why you shopping site each time you log in again before you put in the shopping cart of goods and not the cause of the disappearance.
Because you when you log in, the server can carry through the browser cookies, find the session you save shopping cart information.
import requests
#引用requests。
session = requests.session()
#用requests.session()创建session对象，相当于创建了一个特定的会话，帮我们自动保持了cookies。
url = 'https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-login.php'
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36'
}
data = {
'log':input('请输入账号：'), #用input函数填写账号和密码，这样代码更优雅，而不是直接把账号密码填上去。
'pwd':input('请输入密码：'),
'wp-submit':'登录',
'redirect_to':'https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-admin/',
'testcookie':'1'
}
session.post(url,headers=headers,data=data)
#在创建的session下用post发起登录请求，放入参数：请求登录的网址、请求头和登录参数。
url_1 = 'https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-comments-post.php'
#把我们想要评论的文章网址赋值给url_1。
data_1 = {
'comment': input('请输入你想要发表的评论：'),
'submit': '发表评论',
'comment_post_ID': '13',
'comment_parent': '0'
}
#把有关评论的参数封装成字典。
comment = session.post(url_1,headers=headers,data=data_1)
#在创建的session下用post发起评论请求，放入参数：文章网址，请求头和评论参数，并赋值给comment。
print(comment)
#打印comment
复制代码Use requests.session (), you do not consider cookies in question
Storing cookies
import requests
session = requests.session()
url = 'https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-login.php'
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36'
}
data = {
'log': input('请输入账号：'),
'pwd': input('请输入密码：'),
'wp-submit': '登录',
'redirect_to': 'https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-admin/',
'testcookie': '1'
}
session.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
print(type(session.cookies))
# 打印cookies的类型,session.cookies就是登录的cookies
print(session.cookies)
# 打印cookies
复制代码Save the cookies into code txt file
import requests
import json
# 引入requests和json模块。
session = requests.session()
url = ' https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-login.php'
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36'
}
data = {
'log': input('请输入你的账号:'),
'pwd': input('请输入你的密码:'),
'wp-submit': '登录',
'redirect_to': 'https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-admin/',
'testcookie': '1'
}
session.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
cookies_dict = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(session.cookies)
# 把cookies转化成字典。
print(cookies_dict)
# 打印cookies_dict
cookies_str = json.dumps(cookies_dict)
# 调用json模块的dumps函数，把cookies从字典再转成字符串。
print(cookies_str)
# 打印cookies_str
f = open('cookies.txt', 'w')
# 创建名为cookies.txt的文件，以写入模式写入内容。
f.write(cookies_str)
# 把已经转成字符串的cookies写入文件。
f.close()
# 关闭文件。
复制代码Read cookies
String ==> Dictionary ==> cookies
cookies_txt = open('cookies.txt', 'r')
#以reader读取模式，打开名为cookies.txt的文件。
cookies_dict = json.loads(cookies_txt.read())
#调用json模块的loads函数，把字符串转成字典。
cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(cookies_dict)
#把转成字典的cookies再转成cookies本来的格式。
session.cookies = cookies
#获取cookies：就是调用requests对象（session）的cookies属性。
复制代码The full version of the code
import requests
import json
session = requests.session()
# 创建会话。
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36'
}
# 添加请求头，避免被反爬虫。
try:
# 如果能读取到cookies文件，执行以下代码，跳过except的代码，不用登录就能发表评论。
cookies_txt = open('cookies.txt', 'r')
# 以reader读取模式，打开名为cookies.txt的文件。
cookies_dict = json.loads(cookies_txt.read())
# 调用json模块的loads函数，把字符串转成字典。
cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(cookies_dict)
# 把转成字典的cookies再转成cookies本来的格式。
session.cookies = cookies
# 获取cookies：就是调用requests对象（session）的cookies属性。
except FileNotFoundError:
# 如果读取不到cookies文件，程序报“FileNotFoundError”（找不到文件）的错，则执行以下代码，重新登录获取cookies，再评论。
url = ' https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-login.php'
# 登录的网址。
data = {'log': input('请输入你的账号:'),
'pwd': input('请输入你的密码:'),
'wp-submit': '登录',
'redirect_to': 'https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-admin/',
'testcookie': '1'}
# 登录的参数。
session.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
# 在会话下，用post发起登录请求。
cookies_dict = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(session.cookies)
# 把cookies转化成字典。
cookies_str = json.dumps(cookies_dict)
# 调用json模块的dump函数，把cookies从字典再转成字符串。
f = open('cookies.txt', 'w')
# 创建名为cookies.txt的文件，以写入模式写入内容
f.write(cookies_str)
# 把已经转成字符串的cookies写入文件
f.close()
# 关闭文件
url_1 = 'https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-comments-post.php'
# 文章的网址。
data_1 = {
'comment': input('请输入你想评论的内容：'),
'submit': '发表评论',
'comment_post_ID': '13',
'comment_parent': '0'
}
# 评论的参数。
comment = session.post(url_1, headers=headers, data=data_1)
# 在创建的session下用post发起评论请求，放入参数：文章网址，请求头和评论参数，并赋值给comment。
print(comment.status_code)
# 打印comment的状态码
复制代码Analyzing plus cookies expired, a function package
import requests
import json
session = requests.session()
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36'
}
def cookies_read():
'''
cookies读取
'''
cookies_txt = open('cookies.txt', 'r')
cookies_dict = json.loads(cookies_txt.read())
cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(cookies_dict)
return (cookies)
def save_cookies():
'''
cookies存储。
'''
url = ' https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-login.php'
data = {
'log': input('请输入你的账号'),
'pwd': input('请输入你的密码'),
'wp-submit': '登录',
'redirect_to': 'https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-admin/',
'testcookie': '1'
}
session.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
cookies_dict = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(session.cookies)
cookies_str = json.dumps(cookies_dict)
f = open('cookies.txt', 'w')
f.write(cookies_str)
f.close()
def publish_comment():
'''
发表评论
'''
url_2 = 'https://wordpress-edu-3autumn.localprod.forc.work/wp-comments-post.php'
data_2 = {
'comment': input('请输入你要发表的评论：'),
'submit': '发表评论',
'comment_post_ID': '13',
'comment_parent': '0'
}
return (session.post(url_2, headers=headers, data=data_2))
try:
session.cookies = cookies_read()
except FileNotFoundError:
save_cookies()
session.cookies = cookies_read()
num = publish_comment()
# 判断cookies是否过期, 返回200说明没有过期
if num.status_code == 200:
print('成功啦！')
else:
save_cookies()
session.cookies = cookies_read()
num = publish_comment()
复制代码Quick Jump:
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