__enter__,__exit__

• We know could write operation when the file object

with open('a.txt') as f:
    '代码块'

• Above is called context management protocol, namely with the statement, in order to allow an object compatible with the statement, must be declared in the class __enter__ and methods of this object in __exit__

Context management protocol

class Open:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        print('出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')
        # return self
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')


with Open('a.txt') as f:
    print('=====>执行代码块')
    # print(f,f.name)

出现with语句,对象的__enter__被触发,有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊

• The __exit __ () representing the three parameters of the type of anomaly, and outlier traceability information, with exception statement block occurs, the code can not be performed with

class Open:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        print('出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')
        print(exc_type)
        print(exc_val)
        print(exc_tb)


try:
    with Open('a.txt') as f:
        print('=====>执行代码块')
        raise AttributeError('***着火啦，救火啊***')
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊
<class 'AttributeError'>
***着火啦，救火啊***
<traceback object at 0x1065f1f88>
***着火啦，救火啊***

• If __exit () return value is True, then the exception will be emptied, as if got nothing happened, after the sentence with normal execution

class Open:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        print('出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')
        print(exc_type)
        print(exc_val)
        print(exc_tb)
        return True


with Open('a.txt') as f:
    print('=====>执行代码块')
    raise AttributeError('***着火啦，救火啊***')
print('0' * 100)  #------------------------------->会执行

出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊
<class 'AttributeError'>
***着火啦，救火啊***
<traceback object at 0x1062ab048>
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Analog open

class Open:
    def __init__(self, filepath, mode='r', encoding='utf-8'):
        self.filepath = filepath
        self.mode = mode
        self.encoding = encoding

    def __enter__(self):
        # print('enter')
        self.f = open(self.filepath, mode=self.mode, encoding=self.encoding)
        return self.f

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        # print('exit')
        self.f.close()
        return True

    def __getattr__(self, item):
        return getattr(self.f, item)


with Open('a.txt', 'w') as f:
    print(f)
    f.write('aaaaaa')
    f.wasdf  #抛出异常，交给__exit__处理

<_io.TextIOWrapper name='a.txt' mode='w' encoding='utf-8'>

advantage

1. With statement of purpose is to put the code block with the execution after the end with, clean up automatically, without manual intervention

2. The need to manage some resources such as files, network connections, and lock the programming environment, you can customize the mechanism automatically release resources __exit__, you do not need to go to the relationship between this problem, which will be of great use