hashlib module
hashlib provides a summary of common algorithms, such as md5 and sha1 and so on.
So what is it digest algorithm? Digest algorithm, also known as hash algorithm, hash algorithm. It is through a function to convert data for any length of a fixed length data string (typically represented by a string of 16 hexadecimal).
Note: The summary is not an algorithm decryption algorithm. (Digest algorithm to detect a string of whether the change occurs)
It should be painted: 1 file checksums do
2. Password
Passwords can not be decrypted, but the method can hit the library, with the 'salt' of the problem can be solved hit library. All a bit more complex to set a password to be set later time.
hashlib Import
2 = # md5_obj hashlib.md5 () unsalted
3 md5_obj = hashlib.md5 ( 'nezha'.encode ( ' utf-8 ')) # with salt (let your password firmer a)
. 4 md5_obj .Update ( '123456'.encode (' UTF-. 8 '))
. 5 Print (md5_obj.hexdigest ())
. 6 md5_obj.update (' hello'.encode ( 'UTF-. 8'))
. 7 Print (md5_obj.hexdigest ( ))
. 8 # -----------
. 9 = User 'Haiyan'
10 password = '123456'
. 11 md5_obj = hashlib.md5 (user.encode ( 'UTF-. 8')) # salt (even being password and your password is the same,
12 # then you add salt only after your user name corresponds to your password)
13 md5_obj.update (password.encode ( 'UTF-8'))
14 Print ( md5_obj.hexdigest ())
import hashlib
2 md5_obj = hashlib.md5()
3 import os
4 filesize = os.path.getsize('filename') #文件大小
5 f = open('filename','rb')
6 while filesize>0:
7 if filesize > 1024:
8 content = f.read(1024)
9 filesize -= 1024
10 else:
11 content = f.read(filesize)
12 filesize -= filesize
13 md5_obj.update(content)
14 # for line in f:
15 # md5_obj.update(line.encode('utf-8'))
16 md5_obj.hexdigest()
configparser module
This is similar to the profile module is adapted to windows ini file format, may comprise one or more sections (sectionTop), each node can have a plurality of parameters (key = value).
1. Create a file
import configparser
2 config = configparser.ConfigParser()
3 config["DEFAULT"] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45',
4 'Compression': 'yes',
5 'CompressionLevel': '9',
6 'ForwardX11':'yes'
7 }
8 config['bitbuck et.org'] = {'User':'hg'}
9 config['topsecret.server.com'] = {'Host Port':'50022','ForwardX11':'no'}
10 with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile:
11 config.write(configfile)
2.查找文件
ConfigParser Import 2 configparser.ConfigParser config = () . 3 Print # (config.sections ()) . 4 config.read ( 'example.ini') . 5 Print (config.sections ()) # file is read out inside the group, 6 and # inside [the DEFAULT] group is not displayed . 7 Print ( 'bytebong.com' in config) # False . 8 Print ( 'bitbucket.org' in config) # True . 9 Print (config [ 'bitbucket.org'] [ "User"]) # Hg 10 Print (config [ 'the DEFAULT'] [ 'Compression']) #yes . 11 Print (config [ 'topsecret.server.com'] [ 'the ForwardX11']) #no 12 is Print (config [ 'bitbucket.org']) # <Section: bitbucket.org> 13 is for Key in config [ 'bitbucket.org']: # Note,There are default default default key 14 Print (Key) 15 Print (config.options ( 'bitbucket.org')) # with a for loop, find 'bitbucket.org' in all key 16 print (config.items ( 'bitbucket.org' )) # found 'bitbucket.org' all key-value pairs 17 print (config.get ( 'bitbucket.org', 'compression')) # key in the method of Section yes get the corresponding value
3. CRUD operations
import configparser
2 config = configparser.ConfigParser()
3 config.read('example.ini')
4 config.add_section('yuan')
5 # config.remove_section('bitbucket.org') #删除组
6 # config.remove_option('topsecret.server.com',"forwardx11") #删除组里面的项
7 config.set('topsecret.server.com','k1','11111')
8 config.set('yuan','k2','22222')
9 config.write(open('new2.ini', "w"))
logging module
Functional simple configuration
Python's logging module logs printed by default to the standard output, and only shows a greater than or equal WARNING level log, indicating that the default log level WARNING (log level Level CRITICAL> ERROR> WARNING> INFO> DEBUG), the default log format for the log level: Logger name: user output messages.
A warning display is greater than substantially equal to the log, indicating that the default warning level is set to log 2 (log level Level Critical> error> warning> info> Debug) . 3 Import the logging . 4 logging.debug ( 'Debug Message') . 5 the logging. info ( 'Message info') . 6 logging.warning ( 'warning Message') #warning warning (warning only performed from the start) . 7 logging.error ( 'error Message') #error errors 8 logging.critical ( 'critical message') # more serious than the error level
Configuration parameters
logging.basicConfig () function can be changed by logging module specific parameters default behavior, the available parameters are: 2 3 filename: Creating FiledHandler with the specified file name, such logs are stored in the file specified. 4 filemode: Open file using the filename parameter is specified, the default value "a" may also be designated as "w". 5 format: log handler specified display format. 6 datefmt: specify the date and time format. 7 level: Set rootlogger (behind will explain specific concepts) log level 8 stream: StreamHandler created with the specified stream. Can specify the output to sys.stderr, sys.stdout or file (f = open ( 'test.log' , 'w')), default sys.stderr. If both lists the filename and stream two parameters, the stream parameter is ignored. . 9 10 may be used in the format parameter string format: . 11% (name) is the name of S Logger log level 12% (levelno) s digital form 13% (levelname) s text log level 14% (pathname) s the full path name of the module to call log output function, may not be 15% (filename) s calling module log output function of the file name 16% (module) s call log output function module name 17% (funcName) s call log output name of the function Line 18% (lineno) d log output function call statement where 19% (created) f the current time, represented by a standard floating point representation UNIX time , since the number of milliseconds to create Logger at 20% (relativeCreated) d log information output 21% (asctime) s current time string . The default format is "2003-07-0816: 49: 45,896." Milliseconds after the comma is 22% (thread) d thread ID. It may not be 23% (threadName) s thread name. It may not be 24% (process) d process ID. May not be 25% (message) s user output message
There are two ways to apply logging module
1. Set config
the logging Import
2 logging.basicConfig (
. 3 Level = logging.DEBUG, some details of the multiple output #
4 # level = logging.WARNING # those details would not output a
5 format = '% (name) s% (asctime) s [% ( lineno) d] ---% (message ) s', # itself syntax present in the python, take over the line using
6 # level format and also can not change, it is a parameter, not the variable
7 #% (lineno) d specify the code block row
8 #% (name) s current administrator user
9 datefmt = '% d /% m /% Y% H:% m:% S', # specified date time format
10 filename = 'logging_info '# automatically creates a file, and the writing to a file
. 11
12 is)
13 is logging.debug (' Debug Message ')
14 logging.info (' Message info ')
15 logging.warning (' warning Message ')
16 the logging .error ( 'error Message')
. 17 logging.critical ( 'Critical Message')
2.logger object configuration
Can control the input to the file, you can also enter to the screen
It can be output simultaneously in several files
the logging Import 2 DEF MyLogger (filename, File = True, Stream = True): . 3 Logger logging.getLogger = () . 4 logging.Formatter the Formater = ( . 5 FMT = '% (name) S% (the asctime) S [% (lineno ) D] ---% (Message) S ', . 6 datefmt =' D% /% m /% the Y% H:% m:% S '# time format . 7) . 8 Logger.setLevel (logging.DEBUG) # specify level print log . 9 IF file: 10 file_handler are logging.FileHandler = ( 'logging.log', encoding = 'UTF-. 8') # Create a handler, for writing the log file 11 file_handler.setFormatter (formater) # file stream , file operator 12 is logger.addHandler (file_handler are) 13 is IF stream: 14 stream_handler logging.StreamHandler = () # then create a Handler, for output to the console 15 stream_handler.setFormatter (the Formater) # screen flow, the flow operation screen format # 16 if you want the output file stream and screen flow is not the same thing, then write in a format formater1, so it 17 logger.addHandler (stream_handler ) 18 is return Logger . 19 Logger = MyLogger ( 'logging.log', File = False) 20 is logger.warning ( 'la la') 21 is logger.debug ( 'Debug Message')
logging library provides a number of components: Logger, Handler, Filter, Formatter. Logger object provides an interface application can be used directly, Handler send logs to the appropriate destination, Filter provides a method of filtering log information, Formatter display format specified log. Further, by: logger.setLevel (logging.Debug) set the level, of course, can also
fh.setLevel (logging.Debug) set a single-file stream level.