1. Overall functional analysis
A practical library management system should at least include the following functions:
1. Upload: input of new books and basic information
2. Delete: delete old books and basic information
3. Display: Display all books in the library
4. Search: Query information about books to be borrowed
5. Borrowing: Enable users to handle borrowing procedures
6. Return: Enable users to handle return procedures
The system works in menu mode, making the interface friendly and easy to operate.
2. Create relevant attributes
Since the system is designed to store information about some books and readers, a data structure needs to be defined to store relevant information.
First, you need to create a book class, book database class, reader class and reader database class, and define various attributes of books and readers.
#include "iostream"
#include "string"
#include "conio.h"
using namespace std;
struct Date{
//日期结构
int m_nYear;//年
int m_nMonth;//月
int m_nDay;//日
};
struct Reader{
//读者结构
string name;//读者姓名
Date bro;//借出时间
Date back;//归还时间
};
struct Book{
//图书结构
int m_nBook_Number;//图书编号
string m_strTitle;//书名
string m_strWroter;//作者
int m_nMoreNum;//当前在图书馆数量
int m_nTotalHoldNum;//图书馆共计数量
string m_sttrComment;//图书介绍
Reader reader[20];
};
struct Info{
//借书信息结构
Info *m_pParentPoint;//前驱节点
Book *m_oBookInfo;//对应图书信息
Info *m_pNextPoint;//后继节点
};
3. Library menu
When the program starts running, a selection menu will be displayed for the user to select the required function. The user can enter different numbers to select the corresponding function as needed.
int Select_Menu(){
//图书管理系统主界面
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl << endl;
cout << " 图 书 馆 管 理 系 统 " << endl;
cout << " 主 菜 单 " << endl << endl;
cout << " 1.上传图书" << endl;
cout << " 2.下架图书" << endl;
cout << " 3.显示图书" << endl;
cout << " 4.借阅图书" << endl;
cout << " 5.归还图书" << endl;
cout << " 6.退出系统" << endl << endl;
cout << " 请选择菜单项：（1-6）" << endl;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
int id = 0;//编号
cout << "请输入您的选择：";
cin >> id;
return id;
}
4. Book upload
Add book information to your library
Book *InputNode(){
//上传图书
Book *p = new Book;//动态分配一片大小为sizeof(Book)字节的空间，并将该内存空间的起始位置赋值给p
system("cls");//清屏
fflush(stdin);//清楚以前的输入
cout << "请输入图书编号："; cin >> p->m_nBook_Number;
cout << "请输入图书："; cin >> p->m_strTitle;
cout << "请输入作者："; cin >> p->m_strWroter;
cout << "请输入当前在图书馆数量："; cin >> p->m_nMoreNum;
cout << "请输入图书馆共计数量："; cin >> p->m_nTotalHoldNum;
cout << "请输入图书介绍："; cin >> p->m_sttrComment;
for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++){
//初始化书本结构成员中相关读者指针内容为空
(p->reader[i]).name = '\0';
}
return p;//返回成功读入的书本信息
}
Info *Insert_BookInfo(Info *bth){
//上传图书
int flag, k, x;
cout << "请输入您想上传的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找
cin >> x;
Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);
if(flag == 1){
//找到直接对已有的数量进行修改
cout << "当前图书馆内拥有这本书" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << "本，您想在增加一本" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << "书？(Y/N)" << endl;
char ch;
cin >> ch;
if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){
p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum++;
p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum++;
cout << "增加后图书馆内拥有这本书" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << "本，一共拥有" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << "本" << endl;
}
return bth;
}
//图书管内未找到这本图书编号
Book * r = InputNode();
if(bth == NULL){
//当bth指针为空时，需要对其进行单独处理，链表表头内存的分配
bth = new Info;
bth->m_pParentPoint = NULL;
bth->m_oBookInfo = r;
bth->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
}
else {
//说明存在头指针
p = bth;
while (p->m_pNextPoint != NULL)
p = p->m_pNextPoint;
Info *q = new Info;
q->m_oBookInfo = r;
q->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
q->m_pParentPoint = p;
p->m_pNextPoint = q;
}
return bth;
}
5. Delete books
Remove book information from library
Info *Delete_BookInfo(Info * bth){
//删除图书
int flag, k, x;
cout << "请输入您想删除的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找
cin >> x;
Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);
if(flag == 0){
//为查找图书编号
cout << "图书馆内并没有这本书！！！" << endl;
return bth;
}
else{
if(p == NULL){
//确保当前操作是有效的，防止出现非法操作
cout << "查找错误" << endl;
return bth;
}
else {
cout << "你想删除的图书信息如下：" << endl;
cout << "图书编号：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number << endl;
cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;
cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;
cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;
cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;
cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;
cout << "您确定删除吗？(Y/N)" << endl;
char ch;
cin >> ch;
if(ch == 'Y' || 'y'){
if(p->m_pNextPoint != NULL && p->m_pParentPoint != NULL){
//夹在链表中间的节点
Info *Left = p->m_pParentPoint;//将要删除节点的前驱节点指向赋值给前驱结点指针变量
Info *Right = p->m_pNextPoint;//将要删除节点的后继结点指向赋值给后继结点指针变量
Left->m_pNextPoint = Right;//将后继结点指针指向的地址作为前驱结点的后继域
Right->m_pParentPoint = Left;//将前驱结点指针指向的地址作为后继结点的前驱域
//释放空间
p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;
delete p->m_oBookInfo;
p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;
delete p;
p = NULL;
return bth;
}
else if(p->m_pParentPoint == NULL){
//首结点的前驱为空，处理首结点删除操作
if(p->m_pNextPoint == NULL){
//说明只有一个结点
delete p->m_oBookInfo;
p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;
delete p;
p = NULL;
return bth;
}
bth = p->m_pNextPoint;
bth->m_pParentPoint = NULL;
p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;
delete p->m_oBookInfo;
p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;
delete p;
p = NULL;
return bth;
}
else if(p->m_pNextPoint == NULL){
Info *Left = p->m_pParentPoint;
Left->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;
delete p->m_oBookInfo;
p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;
delete p;
p = NULL;
return bth;
}
}
}
}
}
6. Find books
According to the entered book number, it is the search of Xinah books.
Info *Sreach(Info *bth, int x, int *k, int *flag){
//搜索图书
Info *p = bth;
*flag = 0;
while(p){
if(p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number == x){
//寻到相同的图书编号
*flag = 1;
return p;
}
else {
*flag = 0;
}
if(p->m_pNextPoint != NULL) {
p = p->m_pNextPoint;
}
else{
break;
}
}
return bth;
}
7. Display book information
Display information about all books in the library.
void Output_BookInfo(Info * bth){
//输出图书信息
system("cls");
Info *p = bth;
while (p){
cout << "图书编号：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number;
cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle;
cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter;
cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum;
cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum;
cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;
p = p->m_pNextPoint;
}
}
8. Book borrowing
Borrowing is realized based on the relevant information entered.
void Borrow_TheBook(Info *bth){
//图书借出
system("cls");
int flag, k, x, i = 0;
cout << "请输入您想借阅的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找
cin >> x;
Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);
if(flag == 1){
Book *r = p->m_oBookInfo;
cout << "你想借阅的图书信息如下：" << endl;
cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;
cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;
cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;
cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;
cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;
cout << "您确定借阅吗？(Y/N)" << endl;
char ch;
cin >> ch;
if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){
if(r->m_nMoreNum == 0) cout << "对不起，本书 已经全部借出···" << endl;
else{
system("cls");
for(i = 0; i < 20; i++)
if((r->reader[i]).name[0] == '\0') break;
cout << "请输入借阅者的姓名：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).name;
cout << "请输入借出日期：" << endl;
cout << "请输入借出年份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nYear;
cout << "请输入借出月份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nMonth;
cout << "请输入借出日：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nDay;
cout << "请输入归还日期：" << endl;
cout << "请输入归还年份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nYear;
cout << "请输入归还月份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nMonth;
cout << "请输入归还日：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nDay;
r->m_nMoreNum--;
cout << endl << "成功接到这本书" << endl;
}
}
}
}
9. Return of books
Return the book according to the entered book number.
void TurnBack_TheBook(Info *bth){
//图书归还
system("cls");
int flag, k, x, i = 0, j = 0;
cout << "请输入您想借阅的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找
cin >> x;
Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);
if(flag == 1){
Book *r = p->m_oBookInfo;
cout << "你想归还的图书信息如下：" << endl;
cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;
cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;
cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;
cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;
cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;
cout << "您确定归还吗？(Y/N)" << endl;
char ch;
cin >> ch;
if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){
system("cls");
cout << "请输入借阅者的姓名：";
string nm;
cin >> nm;
for(i = 0; i < 20; i++)
if((r->reader[i]).name == nm) {
j = 1;
break;
}
if(j == 0) {
cout << "你未借阅过这本书" << endl;
return;
}
(r->reader[i]).name[0] = '\0';
r->m_nMoreNum++;
cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;
cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;
cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;
cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;
cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;
}
}
else cout << "您不能归还不存在的图书" << endl;
}
10. Complete code
#include "iostream"
#include "string"
#include "conio.h"
using namespace std;
struct Date{
//日期结构
int m_nYear;//年
int m_nMonth;//月
int m_nDay;//日
};
struct Reader{
//读者结构
string name;//读者姓名
Date bro;//借出时间
Date back;//归还时间
};
struct Book{
//图书结构
int m_nBook_Number;//图书编号
string m_strTitle;//书名
string m_strWroter;//作者
int m_nMoreNum;//当前在图书馆数量
int m_nTotalHoldNum;//图书馆共计数量
string m_sttrComment;//图书介绍
Reader reader[20];
};
struct Info{
//借书信息结构
Info *m_pParentPoint;//前驱节点
Book *m_oBookInfo;//对应图书信息
Info *m_pNextPoint;//后继节点
};
Book *InputNode(){
//上传图书
Book *p = new Book;//动态分配一片大小为sizeof(Book)字节的空间，并将该内存空间的起始位置赋值给p
system("cls");//清屏
fflush(stdin);//清楚以前的输入
cout << "请输入图书编号："; cin >> p->m_nBook_Number;
cout << "请输入图书："; cin >> p->m_strTitle;
cout << "请输入作者："; cin >> p->m_strWroter;
cout << "请输入当前在图书馆数量："; cin >> p->m_nMoreNum;
cout << "请输入图书馆共计数量："; cin >> p->m_nTotalHoldNum;
cout << "请输入图书介绍："; cin >> p->m_sttrComment;
for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++){
//初始化书本结构成员中相关读者指针内容为空
(p->reader[i]).name = '\0';
}
return p;//返回成功读入的书本信息
}
Info *Sreach(Info *bth, int x, int *k, int *flag){
//搜索图书
Info *p = bth;
*flag = 0;
while(p){
if(p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number == x){
//寻到相同的图书编号
*flag = 1;
return p;
}
else {
*flag = 0;
}
if(p->m_pNextPoint != NULL) {
p = p->m_pNextPoint;
}
else{
break;
}
}
return bth;
}
Info *Insert_BookInfo(Info *bth){
//上传图书
int flag, k, x;
cout << "请输入您想上传的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找
cin >> x;
Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);
if(flag == 1){
//找到直接对已有的数量进行修改
cout << "当前图书馆内拥有这本书" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << "本，您想在增加一本" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << "书？(Y/N)" << endl;
char ch;
cin >> ch;
if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){
p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum++;
p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum++;
cout << "增加后图书馆内拥有这本书" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << "本，一共拥有" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << "本" << endl;
}
return bth;
}
//图书管内未找到这本图书编号
Book * r = InputNode();
if(bth == NULL){
//当bth指针为空时，需要对其进行单独处理，链表表头内存的分配
bth = new Info;
bth->m_pParentPoint = NULL;
bth->m_oBookInfo = r;
bth->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
}
else {
//说明存在头指针
p = bth;
while (p->m_pNextPoint != NULL)
p = p->m_pNextPoint;
Info *q = new Info;
q->m_oBookInfo = r;
q->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
q->m_pParentPoint = p;
p->m_pNextPoint = q;
}
return bth;
}
Info *Delete_BookInfo(Info * bth){
//删除图书
int flag, k, x;
cout << "请输入您想删除的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找
cin >> x;
Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);
if(flag == 0){
//为查找图书编号
cout << "图书馆内并没有这本书！！！" << endl;
return bth;
}
else{
if(p == NULL){
//确保当前操作是有效的，防止出现非法操作
cout << "查找错误" << endl;
return bth;
}
else {
cout << "你想删除的图书信息如下：" << endl;
cout << "图书编号：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number << endl;
cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;
cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;
cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;
cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;
cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;
cout << "您确定删除吗？(Y/N)" << endl;
char ch;
cin >> ch;
if(ch == 'Y' || 'y'){
if(p->m_pNextPoint != NULL && p->m_pParentPoint != NULL){
//夹在链表中间的节点
Info *Left = p->m_pParentPoint;//将要删除节点的前驱节点指向赋值给前驱结点指针变量
Info *Right = p->m_pNextPoint;//将要删除节点的后继结点指向赋值给后继结点指针变量
Left->m_pNextPoint = Right;//将后继结点指针指向的地址作为前驱结点的后继域
Right->m_pParentPoint = Left;//将前驱结点指针指向的地址作为后继结点的前驱域
//释放空间
p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;
delete p->m_oBookInfo;
p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;
delete p;
p = NULL;
return bth;
}
else if(p->m_pParentPoint == NULL){
//首结点的前驱为空，处理首结点删除操作
if(p->m_pNextPoint == NULL){
//说明只有一个结点
delete p->m_oBookInfo;
p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;
delete p;
p = NULL;
return bth;
}
bth = p->m_pNextPoint;
bth->m_pParentPoint = NULL;
p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;
delete p->m_oBookInfo;
p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;
delete p;
p = NULL;
return bth;
}
else if(p->m_pNextPoint == NULL){
Info *Left = p->m_pParentPoint;
Left->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
p->m_pNextPoint = NULL;
p->m_pParentPoint = NULL;
delete p->m_oBookInfo;
p->m_oBookInfo = NULL;
delete p;
p = NULL;
return bth;
}
}
}
}
}
void Output_BookInfo(Info * bth){
//输出图书信息
system("cls");
Info *p = bth;
while (p){
cout << "图书编号：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nBook_Number;
cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle;
cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter;
cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum;
cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum;
cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;
p = p->m_pNextPoint;
}
}
void Borrow_TheBook(Info *bth){
//图书借出
system("cls");
int flag, k, x, i = 0;
cout << "请输入您想借阅的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找
cin >> x;
Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);
if(flag == 1){
Book *r = p->m_oBookInfo;
cout << "你想借阅的图书信息如下：" << endl;
cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;
cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;
cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;
cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;
cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;
cout << "您确定借阅吗？(Y/N)" << endl;
char ch;
cin >> ch;
if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){
if(r->m_nMoreNum == 0) cout << "对不起，本书 已经全部借出···" << endl;
else{
system("cls");
for(i = 0; i < 20; i++)
if((r->reader[i]).name[0] == '\0') break;
cout << "请输入借阅者的姓名：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).name;
cout << "请输入借出日期：" << endl;
cout << "请输入借出年份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nYear;
cout << "请输入借出月份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nMonth;
cout << "请输入借出日：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).bro.m_nDay;
cout << "请输入归还日期：" << endl;
cout << "请输入归还年份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nYear;
cout << "请输入归还月份：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nMonth;
cout << "请输入归还日：";cin >> (r->reader[i]).back.m_nDay;
r->m_nMoreNum--;
cout << endl << "成功接到这本书" << endl;
}
}
}
}
void TurnBack_TheBook(Info *bth){
//图书归还
system("cls");
int flag, k, x, i = 0, j = 0;
cout << "请输入您想借阅的图书编号：";//按照书本编号进行查找
cin >> x;
Info *p = Sreach(bth, x, &k, &flag);
if(flag == 1){
Book *r = p->m_oBookInfo;
cout << "你想归还的图书信息如下：" << endl;
cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;
cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;
cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;
cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;
cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;
cout << "您确定归还吗？(Y/N)" << endl;
char ch;
cin >> ch;
if(ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y'){
system("cls");
cout << "请输入借阅者的姓名：";
string nm;
cin >> nm;
for(i = 0; i < 20; i++)
if((r->reader[i]).name == nm) {
j = 1;
break;
}
if(j == 0) {
cout << "你未借阅过这本书" << endl;
return;
}
(r->reader[i]).name[0] = '\0';
r->m_nMoreNum++;
cout << "书名：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strTitle << endl;
cout << "作者：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_strWroter << endl;
cout << "当前在馆图书数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nMoreNum << endl;
cout << "图书共计数量：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_nTotalHoldNum << endl;
cout << "这本图书简介：" << p->m_oBookInfo->m_sttrComment << endl;
}
}
else cout << "您不能归还不存在的图书" << endl;
}
int Select_Menu(){
//图书管理系统主界面
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl << endl;
cout << " 图 书 馆 管 理 系 统 " << endl;
cout << " 主 菜 单 " << endl << endl;
cout << " 1.上传图书" << endl;
cout << " 2.下架图书" << endl;
cout << " 3.显示图书" << endl;
cout << " 4.借阅图书" << endl;
cout << " 5.归还图书" << endl;
cout << " 6.退出系统" << endl << endl;
cout << " 请选择菜单项：（1-6）" << endl;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
int id = 0;//编号
cout << "请输入您的选择：";
cin >> id;
return id;
}
int main(){
Info *bth = NULL;
while(true){
int id = Select_Menu();
switch (id) {
case 1:
bth = Insert_BookInfo(bth);
break;
case 2:
bth = Delete_BookInfo(bth);
break;
case 3:
Output_BookInfo(bth);
break;
case 4:
Borrow_TheBook(bth);
break;
case 5:
TurnBack_TheBook(bth);
break;
case 6:
system("cls");
cout << "您确定要退出系统（Y/N）";
char t;
cin >> t;
if(t == 'y' || t == 'Y') exit(0);
break;
}
cout << "按任意键返回主菜单.......";
}
}