TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a protocol commonly used in computer networks to establish reliable, connection-oriented communication between two devices. TCP provides reliability in data transmission, ensuring that data reaches the destination in the correct order, and can handle lost packets as well as duplicate packets.
The following is a basic introduction to TCP connections:
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Connection-oriented: TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which means that before communication can begin, both communicating parties need to establish a connection between each other. The establishment and maintenance of this connection requires some handshaking and management steps to ensure that both communicating parties are ready to exchange data.
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Reliability: TCP provides reliability in data transmission. It uses an acknowledgment mechanism to ensure that the sent data packet has reached the destination. If the data packet is lost or damaged, the receiver will ask the sender to resend it.
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Flow control: TCP uses a flow control mechanism to control the rate at which data is sent to prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed and unable to handle large amounts of data. By using a sliding window protocol, the receiver can inform the sender how much data it can continue to send.
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Congestion control: TCP also has a congestion control mechanism, which can adjust the rate of data transmission according to the degree of network congestion to avoid network congestion. Congestion control helps ensure efficient utilization of resources in the network while reducing data loss and latency.
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Sequence Guarantee: TCP guarantees the sequential delivery of data. Sent packets are reassembled at the receiver in the order they were sent to ensure that the data remains in the correct order in the receiver's application.
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Full-duplex communication: TCP connections support full-duplex communication, which means data can be transmitted in both directions simultaneously. The data flow in each direction is independent, and both communicating parties can send and receive operations at the same time.
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Three-way handshake and four-way wave: When establishing and closing a connection, TCP uses a three-way handshake and four-way wave to ensure the reliability of the connection. A three-way handshake is used to establish a connection, while a four-way handshake is used to close the connection.
In summary, TCP is a protocol that provides reliable, orderly, and efficient data transfer. It works between the application layer and the transport layer, enabling applications to reliably exchange data over the network.
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