Foreword : linux commands are commands for managing Linux systems. For the Linux system, whether it is the central processor, memory, disk drive, keyboard, mouse, or user, they are all files. The commands for Linux system management are the core of its normal operation, similar to the previous DOS commands. There are two types of linux commands in the system: built-in Shell commands and Linux commands.
The ps command cannot be memorized. If you are familiar with some basic commands, you will have an impression of the others. If you need it, you will know how to check it and where to check it. Nowadays, no one is constantly surfing the Internet. Things can be done on Baidu.
Table of contents
Online query and help commands
File and directory operation commands
View file and content processing commands
File compression and decompression commands
User management commands
Basic network operation commands
System permissions and user authorization related commands
Built-in commands and more
Shut down/restart/log off and view system information commands
Process management commands
Online query and help commands
1.man View command help, command dictionary
2.info more complex command help
3.help View help for Linux built-in commands, such as the cd command.
For example:
File and directory operation commands
ls |
Full spelling list, the function is to list the contents of the directory and its content attribute information. |
cd |
Full spelling change directory, the function is to switch from the current working directory to the specified working directory. |
cp |
The full spelling is copy, and its function is to copy files or directories. |
find |
Search means, used to search directories and files under directories. |
mkdir |
The whole spelling is make directories, its function is to create directories. |
mv |
Quanpin move, its function is to move or rename files. |
pwd |
Quanpin print working directory, its function is to display the absolute path of the current working directory. |
rename |
Used to rename files. |
rm |
Fully spelled out remove, its function is to delete one or more files or directories. |
is rm |
Quanpin remove empty directories, the function is to delete empty directories. |
touch |
Create a new empty file and change the timestamp attribute of an existing file. |
tree |
The function is to display the contents of the directory in a tree structure. |
Some of these commands can also add parameters, take ls as an example:
It has some parameters:
- -l: List the attribute permissions of the file
- -a: List all files, including hidden files
- -d : only list the directory itself
- -h: List file sizes
- -R: List together with the contents of subdirectories
for example:
The other parameters are not very commonly used, so you can try them yourself if you are interested.
View file and content processing commands
cat |
The full spelling of concatenate is to connect multiple files and print to the screen or redirect to a specified file. |
more |
Display file contents in pages. |
head |
Display the header of the file contents. |
tail |
Display the end of the file content. |
cut |
Split each line of the file according to the specified delimiter and output. |
split |
Split the file into different small fragments. |
paste |
Merge file contents line by line. |
sort |
Sort the text content of the file. |
unique |
Remove duplicate rows. oldboy |
wc |
Count the number of lines, words, or bytes in a file. |
vi/vim |
Command line text editor. |
Next we use vim to write something, and then use cat to read it:
First create a txt file called demo
vim demo.txt
Press i to enter input mode, type a line, then press ESC, :wq to save and exit
Let’s take a look:
cat read:
Isn’t it super simple!
File compression and decompression commands
tar |
Packed and compressed. oldboy |
unzip |
unzip files. |
gzip |
gzip compression tool. |
zip |
Compression tool. |
User management commands
useradd |
Add user. |
usermod |
Modify existing user attributes in the system. |
userdel |
delete users. |
groupadd |
Add user group. |
passwd |
Change user password. |
change |
Modify the user password validity period. |
id |
View the user's uid, gid and user group to which they belong. |
are |
Switch user identity. |
visudo |
Exclusive command for editing the /etc/sudoers file. |
sudo |
Execute the command as another user (default root user). |
Basic network operation commands
ssh |
Use SSH encryption protocol to log in remotely. |
wget |
Download files from the command line. |
ping |
Test network connectivity between hosts. |
ifconfig |
Commands to view, configure, enable, or disable network interfaces. |
System permissions and user authorization related commands
chmod |
Change file or directory permissions. |
chown |
Change the user group to which a file or directory belongs. |
Built-in commands and more
echo |
Print variables, or directly output the specified string |
printf |
Format the results to standard output. |
rpm |
Command to manage rpm packages. |
yum |
Automate and simplify commands for managing rpm packages. |
watch |
周期性的执行给定的命令，并将命令的输出以全屏方式显示。 |
clear |
清除屏幕，简称清屏。 |
history |
查看命令执行的历史纪录。 |
time |
计算命令执行时间。 |
关机 / 重启 / 注销和查看系统信息的命令
shutdown |
关机。 |
poweroff |
关闭电源。 |
logout |
退出当前登录的 Shell。 |
exit |
退出当前登录的 Shell。 |
进程管理命令
kill |
终止进程。 |
crontab |
定时任务命令。 |
ps |
显示进程的快照。 |
pstree |
树形显示进程。 |
nice/renice |
调整程序运行的优先级。 |
nohup |
忽略挂起信号运行指定的命令。 |
init |
切换运行级别。 |
service |
启动、停止、重新启动和关闭系统服务，还可以显示所有系统服务的当前状态。 |
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