Web Development: A Full-Stack Siege Guide

Author: Zen and the Art of Computer Programming

1 Introduction

What is web development?

Web development refers to providing computer software and hardware applications and services to consumers through the Internet to realize network informatization. Web development includes three main parts: Web front-end, back-end and database. It has clear division of labor, communication and coordination, and rigorous project management, so it is unique.

Why learn web development?

Nowadays, the explosive growth of Internet information has driven people's demand for information technology to become more and more intense. The research and development of Internet products is also inseparable from the participation of web development engineers. The responsibility of a web development engineer is to use computer-related technologies to develop a fully functional website system through programming languages and frameworks to meet user needs and improve efficiency. At the same time, technological innovation can also be used to solve common problems in human society. Therefore, it is a must-have skill for students, technicians or companies who want to work in web development.

How should I get started with web development?

First of all, understand the basic concepts and terminology of web development, and have a certain understanding of computer-related knowledge. Secondly, master the HTML/CSS/JavaScript language and its commonly used libraries and frameworks. Third, master the principles of databases and the commonly used database management tool MySQL. Fourth, understand the principles of Web servers and commonly used WebServer software such as Apache, Nginx, etc. Finally, be proficient in using the version control tool Git and cooperate with a programming environment such as an IDE or editor for web development. In addition, there are many other skill requirements, such as computer security, cloud computing, etc., which will become an important aspect of web development. In short, only with good basic knowledge and ability requirements, a proactive attitude, and the spirit of continuous learning and research can we lead the way forward in the industry.

2. Explanation of basic concepts and terms

HTML

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is hypertext markup language. It is a markup language used to create web pages and is the cornerstone of WWW (World Wide Web). It is a set of languages used to define the content structure and behavior of web pages. Includes the following five parts:

Doctype statement: tells the browser the specification used in the document, generally used here.
html tag: wraps the main structure of a web page, generally including, , three tags.
Head tag: includes the metadata of the web page, such as , > and other tags.、
Body tag: The main content of the web page is placed inside.

Other tags: e.g.

-

, , ,

HTML syntax example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>My first webpage</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Welcome to my webpage!</h1>
    <p>This is the first paragraph on my page.</p>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#">Link 1</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Link 2</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Link 3</a></li>
    </ul>
  </body>
</html>

CSS

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a style language used to beautify web pages. It allows web page creators to independently set the appearance of elements, including attributes such as color, size, alignment, and borders, and can act on elements on multiple pages.

CSS syntax example:

/* 设置网页的默认字体和背景色 */
body {
  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
  background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

/* 设置标题 */
h1 {
  color: navy; /* 浅蓝色 */
  text-align: center;
}

/* 设置链接 */
a {
  color: blue; /* 深蓝色 */
  text-decoration: none; /* 删除下划线 */
}

/* 设置列表 */
ul {
  list-style-type: square; /* 方块点 */
  margin: auto; /* 水平居中 */
  padding: 10px; /* 外边距 */
}

/* 设置图片 */
img {
  max-width: 100%; /* 宽度充满整个容器 */
  height: auto; /* 自动调整高度 */
}

JavaScript

JavaScript, often abbreviated to JS, is a dynamic scripting language embedded in web pages and a lightweight Java programming language. It is used to add interactivity to web pages and make them dynamic, AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML), dynamic web pages.

JavaScript syntax example:

// 创建一个按钮，点击时弹出提示信息
var button = document.createElement('button');
button.innerHTML = 'Click me!';
document.body.appendChild(button);
button.addEventListener('click', function() {
  alert("Hello world!");
});

// 获取输入框的值，打印到控制台
var input = document.getElementById('input');
console.log(input.value);

jQuery

jQuery is an efficient js library that simplifies DOM operations, event handling, Ajax interaction, plug-in development, etc. Many excellent front-end components are developed based on jQuery.

jQuery syntax example:

$(document).ready(function(){
  // 下拉菜单
  $('#select').change(function(){
    var value = $(this).val();
    console.log(value);
  });

  // 轮播图
  $('.carousel').carousel({interval: 3000});
});

PHP

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language. It supports the creation of dynamic sites and can be used with web servers such as Apache and Nginx, or it can be run independently on Windows and Linux.

PHP syntax example:

<?php
  echo "Hello World!";
?>

SQL

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a structured query language, used to access and manipulate relational database systems. It is an ANSI/ISO standard. SQL statements are used to access, update, and manage data in relational databases.

SQL syntax example:

CREATE TABLE users (
  id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  name VARCHAR(255),
  email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('John Doe', '<EMAIL>');
SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE '%Doe%';
DELETE FROM users WHERE id=1;
UPDATE users SET name='Jane Smith' WHERE id=2;

Git

Git is an open source distributed version control system created by Linus Torvalds specifically for managing Linux kernel development. It has now become the "backbone" development tool for major software companies.

Git syntax example:

git init          // 初始化一个Git仓库
git add file      // 添加文件到暂存区
git commit -m "..." // 提交文件到本地仓库
git remote add origin https://github.com/username/project.git   // 关联远程仓库
git push -u origin master       // 把本地仓库的修改推送到远程仓库的master分支

wait.