[2023 latest version] Win11: WSL (Ubuntu22.04) using docker remote container tutorial (Windows Docker Desktop download and installation, migration to non-system disk, configure domestic mirror source, set up WSL2)

Docker is a containerization platform that allows you to package an application and all of its dependencies into a standard unit called a container. Key features of Docker containers include:

Isolation - Docker containers are isolated from each other, wrapping their own file systems, CPU registers, process trees, network stacks, etc. This makes them more portable and consistent.
Resource Efficiency - Docker containers share the operating system kernel with other containers, making them more lightweight than virtual machines.
Repeatability - Docker containers use images as templates to create an exact copy of your environment. This ensures consistency during deployment.
Speed - Docker containers start very fast, measured in seconds instead of minutes.
Portability - Docker containers can be moved across any computing infrastructure that supports the Docker platform.
Scalability - You can run multiple Docker containers on a single machine, utilizing all CPU cores and memory.
Loosely coupled - Docker containers are self-contained units that are not dependent on the environment in which they run.

In short, Docker allows you to package and reliably run applications in a portable and standardized container format.

2. Install Docker Desktop on Windows

1. Official website link

Download Docker Desktop | Dockerhttps://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop/

2. Installation process

download

Double click to install

Restart after successful installation

Select accept

You can choose not to log in

You can choose to skip

3. Migrate to non-system disk

Find the directory in the C drive and move it to the location you want to install.

Note that you must delete the Docker folder in the C drive

Same as above, move the file and delete the file in the C drive (if it prompts that it cannot be deleted, restart the computer)

Open cmd with administrator rights and enter the following command

mklink /J "C:\Program Files\Docker" "E:\Software\Docker"
mklink /J "C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Docker" "D:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Docker"

If you don’t have administrator rights:

With administrator rights:

4. Configure domestic mirror source

Domestic mirror

Docker China official image

https://registry.docker-cn.com

University of Science and Technology of China

https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

NetEase

http://hub-mirror.c.163.com

Tencent

https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com

Alibaba Cloud containers generate their own acceleration addresses

Container Mirror Service (aliyun.com) https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-qingdao/instances/mirrors

Method 1 - Configuration via Docker-Desktop

 "registry-mirrors":[
        "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
        "https://registry.docker-cn.com",
        "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
        "https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"
   ]

Method 2 - Find the daemon.json file for configuration

3. Set up WSL 2 on Docker Desktop for Windows

Docker for Windows has two running modes, one runs Windows-related containers and the other runs traditional Linux containers. Only one mode can be selected to run at the same time.

1. Start the WSL 2-based engine

Check "Use WSL 2-based engine" in Settings > General (on by default)

a. How to open WSL terminal

b. View docker version and build number

docker --version

docker info

c. Check WSL mode

wsl.exe -l -v

Upgrade your Linux distribution to v2:

wsl.exe --set-version (distro name) 2

To set v2 as the default version for future installations, run:

wsl.exe --set-default-version 2

2. Select WSL 2 distribution

Settings > Resources > WSL Integration, select from the installed WSL 2 distribution you want to enable Docker integration for

3. Test

docker run hello-world

4. Commonly used commands

List the commands available in the Docker CLI by entering:

docker

Use the following command to list information for a specific command:

docker <COMMAND> --help

Use the following command to list the docker images on your computer (only the hello-world image at this time)

docker image ls --all

Use the following command to list the containers on your computer

docker container ls --all

or (without the -a show-all flag, only running containers are shown)

docker ps -a

Use the following command to list system-wide information about your Docker installation, including statistics and resources (CPU & Memory) available to you in the context of WSL 2:

docker info