[Baidu Linux Training Camp]

1. Linux Basics

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1.1 Operating system overview

• Operating system (Operation system)
  The operating system is the interface between users and computers, as well as the interface between computer hardware and application programs. That is, we deal with the underlying computer hardware and applications through the operating system.
  
  VirtualBox download: https://www.virtualbox.org/
  CentOS download: http://isoredirect.centos.org/
  For details on the installation process, see the course video

1.1 Introduction to common directories

my environment

[lighthouse@VM-8-7-centos /]$ ls

2.Linux commands

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Course Content

• Disk management
• File management
• Backup compression

2.1 Disk management

2.1.1 Display and query

ll

ls -lh

ls -a

[root@VM-8-7-centos data]# ll -ah

2.1.2 Directory

[root@VM-8-7-centos data]# mkdir -p movies/himom 递归创建目录

递归删除目录
[root@VM-8-7-centos data]# rm -rf movies/
[root@VM-8-7-centos data]# ls
ppt_data  test_data  work_data

Creation and deletion of individual directories

[root@VM-8-7-centos data]# mkdir ok
[root@VM-8-7-centos data]# ls
movies  ok  ppt_data  test_data  work_data

[root@VM-8-7-centos data]# rmdir ok
[root@VM-8-7-centos data]# ls
movies  ppt_data  test_data  work_data

2.2 File management

文件拷贝
cp 文件名 要复制的地址

文件移动
mv 文件名 要移动到的地址

文件改名
mv 文件名 要改的文件名

文件删除
rm  文件名

删除文件夹
rm -rf 文件夹

Cat uses a file to stream the file to the screen, and cat 文件名>新的文件名a new file will be obtained.

An improved way of cat is to head/tail -n num 文件名view the num lines at the beginning/end of the file.

Linux file management-file difference comparison (diff)
diff A Bcomparing A and B

File compression, two common classic compression methods are tar and zip

tar

• Packtar -zcvf
• Unzip tar -zxvf
  
  zip
• Packzip
• Unzipunzip
  

historyView historical operation commands

3. Under Linux command

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3.1 Help command man

For example, man lsview lsrelated information about.

3.2 User, user group and password management useradd, userdel, passwd

1. useraddCreate user

useradd work

2. userdeldelete users

userdel work

3. passwdChange user password

• Usage 1: Modify current user password->passwd
• Usage 2: Modify the passwords of other users (only users with root permissions can)->passwd work

3.3 File and directory permission management chmod

r-读 w-写 x-执行

3.3.1 Permission modification

修改文件权限命令 ===> chmod 777 1.txt
递归修改文件权限命令 ===>chmod -R 777 a

Modify the owner and group

修改归属人以及归属组
chown user:group fiename


递归修改该目录下全部文件
chown -R user:group dirname

File management

aaaReplace everything in the filename file withbbb

sed -i 's/aaa/bbb/g' filename

3.3.2 Text processing command awk

1. Output in columns

awk '{print $2}' filename // 以空格为分隔符，输出第二列

awk '{print $NF}' filename // 以空格为分隔符，输出最后一列

awk -F 'a' '{print $2}' filename // 以a为分隔符，输出第二列

2.Support regular string matching

awk '$2~/th/{print $2,$4}' filename //第二列包含th时，输出第2、4列

3.3.3 Text editing

command mode

3.4 Linux search commands grep, find

4. Section 4 Linux System Management

4.1 Software package management

CentOS package management

Ubuntu package management

4.2 Network management

4.3 Process management

4.4 Disk management

appendix

1. Dane development documentation
2. MacOS installation Homebrew
3. 50 most commonly used Unix/Linux commands
4. Alibaba Cloud CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso
5. Alibaba Cloud CentOS-8.3.2011-x86_64-dvd1 .iso
6. Han Shunping learned Linux in one week