Table of contents
1. Automated test definition
2. Automated testing categories & tools
3. Future development trends
1.1. What is automated testing?
Automated testing refers to a testing method that uses software tools or scripts to perform testing tasks to replace the manual testing process. Its main purpose is to improve testing efficiency, reduce labor costs and time costs by automating the execution, verification and evaluation of the functions, stability, performance and other characteristics of software applications.
Automated testing can be applied to all stages of the software development life cycle, including unit testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing. It can simulate user interactions, generate test data, execute test cases and compare actual results with expected results, while recording the test process and results. Through automated testing, defects and problems in software can be quickly and accurately discovered, and detailed test reports and tracking records are provided for easy analysis and repair.
However, automated testing also has some limitations and applicable conditions. For example, manual testing may be more appropriate for some test scenarios that involve frequent interface changes or require manual intuitive experience. Additionally, automated tests are more expensive to develop and maintain, so there are trade-offs and choices to be made within the project. (Automated testing cannot completely replace manual testing)
1.2. Why should automated testing be done?
There are several important reasons for doing automated testing:
1. Improve testing efficiency and coverage: Automated testing can quickly execute a large number of test cases and cover more functions and scenarios. Compared with manual testing, it can complete testing tasks in a shorter time, improve testing efficiency, and can test in different environments and different data situations, improving test coverage.
2. Reduce labor costs and time costs: Automated testing can reduce dependence on testers and reduce the human resources and time costs required for manual testing. Once the automated test script is written, the test process can be quickly automated and executed, greatly saving the test team's work time and cost, especially for smoke and regression testing for iterative projects.
3. Improve test accuracy: Automated testing can eliminate the interference of human factors, reduce the possibility of human errors, and improve the accuracy of test results. By automating the execution of the same test script, you can ensure test consistency and repeatability, reducing errors during the test process.
4. Improve software quality: Automated testing can detect and solve defects and problems in software earlier. Automated testing in the early stages of software development can detect potential defects in time and improve the quality and stability of the software. In addition, automated testing can speed up the software release process and reduce risks during release through continuous integration and continuous delivery.
5. Support iterative and agile development: In an agile development environment, software requirements and changes are frequent, and regression testing needs to be performed quickly and reliably. Automated testing can effectively support iterative and agile development, achieve rapid test feedback and continuous integration, and help the development team better manage and control software quality.
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1.3. How to carry out automated testing
Carrying out automated testing requires the following steps:
1. Determine the test goals and scope: First, clarify the test goals and scope that need to be automated, such as functional testing, performance testing, security testing, etc. Determine specific needs and priorities for testing for subsequent planning and execution. (In the early stage, it is necessary to investigate whether the project is suitable for automated testing (generally it is an iterative project and the interfaces and interfaces of old functions are rarely modified), the labor costs that can actually be saved after automated testing, the scope of automated testing, etc., etc., the above research is carried out After analysis, comprehensive consideration will be given to the actual implementation)
2. Select testing tools and frameworks: Select appropriate automated testing tools and frameworks based on project requirements and technology stack. Common automated testing tools include Selenium, Appium, QTP, Robot Framework, Jmeter, Postman, soapUI, httprunner, etc. Choosing the right tool can greatly simplify the script writing and execution process.
3. Design test cases and scenarios: Design reasonable test cases and scenarios based on test goals and requirements. Test cases should have sufficient coverage, covering the core functions and edge cases of the project to detect potential defects.
4. Write test scripts: Use selected automated testing tools to write test scripts based on the designed test cases and scenarios. Scripts should be readable and maintainable, using sound coding conventions and best practices.
5. Execute automated testing: Execute automated test scripts according to project planning and scheduling. Batch execution and result statistics of automated tests can be achieved through continuous integration tools or test management platforms.
6. Analyze test results: Analyze the execution results of automated tests to discover and locate problems. Fix errors in scripts promptly and record defects and improvement points.
7. Continuous optimization and maintenance: Continuously optimize test scripts and test frameworks to improve the efficiency and stability of automated testing. Follow up on project changes and requirements in a timely manner, update and adjust test scripts.
8. Result report and summary: Generate the result report of automated testing, summarize and analyze it. Based on test results and feedback, improve test strategies and processes to improve test quality and efficiency.
It should be noted that automated testing is not a once-and-for-all process, but an ongoing work. As the project develops and changes, test scripts need to be continuously optimized and updated to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of automated testing.
Automated testing categories & tools
2.1. Common types of automated tests
UI automated testing and interface automated testing are two common types of automated testing:
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UI automation testing:
UI automation testing verifies the functionality and usability of the software system by simulating user operations and interactions on the graphical user interface (GUI). It usually involves the identification of user interface elements, simulation of user operations (such as clicks, inputs, etc.), and verification of results. UI automated testing can help detect interface layout issues, user interaction issues, interface functionality issues, etc. Commonly used UI automation testing tools include Selenium, Appium, etc.
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Interface automated testing:
Interface automated testing is to test the interface of the software system to verify the correctness, stability and compatibility of the interface. It mainly focuses on data exchange, interface protocols, parameter transfer, etc., and simulates requests and verifies responses at the interface level. Interface automated testing can help detect data format issues, data consistency issues, interface performance issues, etc. Commonly used interface automation testing tools include Postman, JMeter, python+requests, rebot framework, etc.
There are certain differences between UI automated testing and interface automated testing in terms of test objects, test scope and technical implementation. UI automation testing mainly focuses on the interaction and usability of the user interface, while interface automation testing mainly focuses on the correctness and stability of the interface. In actual testing, you can choose the corresponding automated test type according to project requirements and test goals or combine the two to conduct comprehensive testing.
2.2. Automated testing tools
There are many kinds of automated testing tools. Here are some common automated testing tools:
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Selenium：
Selenium is an automated testing tool for web application testing. It supports multiple programming languages (such as Java, Python, C#, etc.), can simulate user operations in the browser, and implement automated testing of web pages.
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Appium:
Appium is an automated testing tool for mobile application testing. It supports a variety of mobile platforms (such as iOS, Android, etc.), can simulate user operations on mobile devices, and realize automated testing of mobile applications.
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JUnit：
JUnit is a widely used unit testing framework in Java development. It provides a series of annotations and assertion methods to facilitate developers to write and execute unit test cases.
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pytest：
pytest is a commonly used testing framework in Python development, supporting flexible test case writing and execution. It has a rich plug-in ecosystem that can extend various functions such as parameterized testing, test report generation, etc.
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TestNG：
TestNG is a powerful testing framework mainly used for integration testing and end-to-end testing of Java applications. It provides richer test configurations and functions, such as test suites, concurrent execution, test dependencies, etc.
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Jenkins：
Jenkins is a popular continuous integration and continuous delivery tool that automates builds, tests, and deployments. It supports various programming languages and testing frameworks, and can be integrated with other automated testing tools to achieve a comprehensive automated testing process.
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Robot Framework：
Robot Framework is a general automated testing framework that supports keyword-driven testing methods and can perform both UI automation and interface automation. It provides a test case syntax that is easy to read and write, and can be integrated with a variety of testing tools and libraries.
(The above only lists some common automated testing tools. Depending on the project requirements and technology stack, it is very important to choose the appropriate tool for automated testing.)
Future trends
3.1. Future development trends of automated testing
The future development trends of automated testing mainly include the following aspects:
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Intelligence and machine learning: With the continuous advancement of artificial intelligence and machine learning, automated testing will make more use of intelligent technology. For example, by analyzing large amounts of test data and historical defects, machine learning algorithms are used to automatically generate test scripts, optimize test cases and predict potential defects.
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DevOps and continuous integration: Automated testing will be combined with DevOps and continuous integration to achieve faster and more efficient software delivery. Through continuous integration and continuous deployment of automated testing, problems can be discovered and solved early, and the iteration cycle of software development can be accelerated.
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Mobile and cloud testing: With the rapid development of mobile Internet, automated testing of mobile applications will become increasingly important. At the same time, the rise of cloud computing and cloud testing platforms will also promote the development of automated testing and provide more powerful testing resources and environmental support.
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Automated security testing: As network security threats continue to increase, automated security testing will become a trend. Through automated tools and technologies, we can conduct security vulnerability scanning and penetration testing on the system to help discover and repair security risks in advance.
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Non-functional test automation: In addition to functional testing, the automation of non-functional tests (such as performance testing, load testing, stress testing, etc.) will also receive more attention. Through automated tools and simulation scenarios, system performance and stability can be evaluated more comprehensively and accurately.
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Full-link testing: As the complexity of software systems increases, the importance of full-link testing becomes increasingly apparent. Full-link testing covers all aspects from the user interface to the backend system, and verifies the normal operation and interaction of the entire system through automated testing.
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Scaled test management platform: As projects grow in size, test management and collaboration become more complex. Therefore, large-scale test management platforms will become a trend, providing unified test management, automated execution, result analysis and other functions to improve team collaboration efficiency and test quality.
To sum up, in the future, automated testing will tend to develop in the direction of intelligence, continuous integration, mobile and cloud, security testing, non-functional testing, full-link testing and large-scale test management platforms. These trends will help improve testing efficiency, quality, and reliability and adapt to the changing software development environment and needs.
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