EV Charging Station is a charging pile. Its function is similar to the gas dispenser in a gas station. It can be fixed on the ground or wall and installed in public buildings (public buildings, shopping malls, public parking lots, etc.) and residential parking lots or charging stations. Charge various models of electric vehicles according to different voltage levels. The charging pile is used to charge our electric vehicles. It functions like a gas pump in a gas station to refuel a fuel vehicle. People can use a specific charging card to swipe the card on the human-computer interaction interface provided by the charging pile to perform corresponding charging methods, charging time, cost data printing and other operations. The charging pile display screen can display the charging amount, cost, charging time, etc. data.
According to the charging method, charging piles can be divided into AC charging piles, DC charging piles, and AC-DC integrated charging piles. AC charging has smaller power and requires a longer charging time, but the loss of the battery is smaller. On the contrary, The most popular ones are DC charging piles, which have high charging power and fast charging, but also cause greater losses to the battery.
The difference between DC charging piles and AC charging piles
AC charging pile :
AC electric vehicle charging piles, commonly known as "slow charging", are fixedly installed outside electric vehicles and connected to the AC power grid. They are power supply devices that provide AC power for electric vehicle on-board chargers (i.e. chargers fixedly installed on electric vehicles). AC charging piles only provide power output and have no charging function. They need to be connected to a car charger to charge electric vehicles. It is equivalent to just playing a role in controlling the power supply.
The AC charging pile outputs single-phase/three-phase alternating current and converts it into direct current through the vehicle charger to charge the vehicle battery. The power is generally small, including 7kw, 22kw, 40kw, etc. The charging speed is generally slow, so it is generally installed in residential parking lots, etc. land.
DC charging pile :
DC electric vehicle charging pile, commonly known as "fast charging", is a power supply device that is fixedly installed outside an electric vehicle and connected to the AC power grid. It can provide DC power for off-board electric vehicle power batteries. The input voltage of the DC charging pile is three-phase four-wire AC 380V ± 15%, frequency 50Hz, and the output is adjustable DC, which directly charges the power battery of the electric vehicle. Since the DC charging pile uses a three-phase four-wire system for power supply, it can provide sufficient power, and the output voltage and current can be adjusted in a wide range to meet fast charging requirements.
DC charging piles (or non-vehicle chargers) directly output DC power to charge the vehicle battery. The power is relatively large, including 60kw, 120kw, 200kw or even higher power. The charging speed is fast, so it is generally installed next to the highway. charging station.
The difference between the two :
To put it simply, AC charging piles need to be charged with a car charger, while DC fast charging piles do not require this equipment. There is a big difference in charging speed between the two. After a pure electric vehicle (ordinary battery capacity) is fully discharged, it takes 8 hours to be fully charged through an AC charging pile, while it only takes 2 to 3 hours through a DC fast charging pile.
(Source: Classification of new energy vehicle charging piles )
" Let's focus on the components of DC charging piles below. The main components of DC charging piles are:
① Power unit
② Billing control unit
③ Charge controller
④ Metering meter
⑤ Charging interface (charging gun)
⑥ Human-computer interaction interface
Power unit
The power unit is an AC to DC conversion module. The DC pile has an AC 380V input, a frequency of 50HZ, and an output of DC voltage, divided into DC 200-500V, 350-700V, and 500-950V. As shown in the picture below, it is a nominal 15KW charging module. The charging pile we see is actually made up of multiple similar charging modules. The number of charging modules can be added or subtracted according to the actual power demand.
billing control unit
The billing control unit is mainly responsible for the business-related parts and is connected to the electrical part, mainly controlled through the CAN bus.
The figure below is a simple diagram of the internal components of a charging pile. In addition to the billing and checkout function in the name, the billing control unit also has human-machine interface display, multi-function meter interaction, 3G/4G car networking platform interaction and charging. Device controller interaction, etc.
charge controller
The charge controller is connected to the power unit and billing control unit via CAN bus. The charge controller is mainly used to control whether the charging gun is connected/disconnected and whether to start and stop the charging command. It plays the role of electrical protection and vehicle interaction.
meter
Charging electric vehicles will definitely incur costs, just like our families usually use a TV to watch TV, which will incur electricity bills. The charging cost of electric vehicles is also calculated through a dedicated meter. The meter communicates with the billing control unit through the RS-485 bus. When the electric vehicle is fully charged, the charge controller will automatically send a stop charging command, and the billing control unit will settle the charges incurred for this charge.
Meters are also divided into AC energy meters and DC energy meters. AC energy meters are divided into single-phase AC and three-phase AC. The communication interfaces are RS-485 and generally support the MODBUS communication protocol.
Charging interface
There are currently five popular charging interface standards in the world. They are CHAdeMO, Combo, Tesla, CCS, and GB/T 20234 standards.
The above is the structural composition of the entire charging pile. When broken down, the charging pile is actually not complicated, but to actually build a charging pile will test the overall R&D strength of a company. 』(Source: [Charging Pile] Revealing the Mystery - Feiling Embedded Disassembly Charging Pile - Feiling Embedded Industry News - Baoding Feiling Embedded Technology Co., Ltd. )
References
[1] Popular science on the difference between DC charging piles and AC charging piles, which one charges faster: Popular science on the difference between DC charging piles and AC charging piles, which one charges faster? _output
[2] Feiling Embedded will dismantle the charging pile with you: [Charging Pile] Unveil the mystery - Feiling Embedded Dismantling Charging Pile - Feiling Embedded Industry News - Baoding Feiling Embedded Technology Co., Ltd.
【3】Classification of new energy vehicle charging piles: Classification of new energy vehicle charging piles
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