Logging and Debugging with Log4j/Logback in Java

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【Using Log4j】

1. Introduction

1. What is Log4j?

Log4j is a Java logging framework that allows developers to log events that occur in an application. It has very flexible configuration options to send log messages to different destinations (such as files, console, database, syslog, etc.) and format them in various formats. Log4j is an open source project of the Apache Software Foundation. It has released several versions, and the latest version is Log4j 2.x.

2. Why use Log4j?

Logging is an important method of debugging and troubleshooting that helps developers identify problems in their applications. Using Log4j makes logging easier for developers and provides many features such as flexible configuration options and output destinations, and different levels of logging messages. Additionally, Log4j is a widely used logging framework with rich community support and extensive documentation.

3. The core components of Log4j

The core components of Log4j include Logger, Appender, Layout and Filter.

• Logger: Logger, used to record log messages.
• Appender: Used to send log messages to different targets, such as files, console, database, syslog, etc.
• Layout: Used to format log messages.
• Filter: Used to filter log messages and only send messages that meet certain conditions to the Appender.

Two, install Log4j

1. Download Log4j

You can download the latest version of Log4j from the official website [​ ​http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/​ ].

2. Add Log4j to the Java project

Add the downloaded Log4j library to your Java project's classpath. You can add the Log4j library to your project's lib folder, or add it to your project's Maven dependencies.

3. Configure Log4j

You need to create a configuration file to tell Log4j how to behave. Log4j can use configuration files in various formats, such as XML, JSON, and properties files. In this example, we will use a configuration file in XML format.

Below is an example of a simple Log4j XML configuration file that sends log messages to the console:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Configuration status="WARN">
  <Appenders>
    <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
      <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n" />
    </Console>
  </Appenders>
  <Loggers>
    <Root level="debug">
      <AppenderRef ref="Console" />
    </Root>
  </Loggers>
</Configuration>

​status​The property in the configuration file is used to set the internal log level of Log4j, which specifies the logging level of Log4j's own log. This value can be ​DEBUG​​,​, ​INFO​​, ​WARN​​,​, ​ERROR​or ​FATAL​​, the default value is ​ERROR​​.

The ​​​​ element​Appenders​ specifies the Appender used to send log messages to different targets. Here, ​Console​the Appender send log messages to the console. ​PatternLayout​How to format the log message is specified in ​​​​, where ​%d​​​represents the date and time, ​%t​​​​represents the thread name, ​%-5level​​​​represents the log level, ​%logger{36}​​represents the Logger name, ​%msg​​represents the message itself, ​%n​​​Indicates a newline.

The ​​​​element​Loggers​ specifies the configuration of the logger, here a logger ​Root​named . The ​​​​ attribute​level​ specifies the logging level of the logger, here it is set to ​debug​​​. The ​​​​element​AppenderRef​ associates a logger with ​Console​an Appender , which means that all messages logged by this logger will be sent to the console.

You can modify the parameters in the configuration file according to your needs, such as adding other Appenders, changing the log level, etc.

3. Using Log4j in Java

1. Create a Logger

To log messages, you need to use a Logger object. You can create different Loggers for different application components. The Logger class is one of the most important classes in Log4j, and Logger objects can be created using the LoggerFactory class.

The following example demonstrates how to create a Logger in a Java application:

import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;

public class MyClass {
    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(MyClass.class);
    // ...
}

2. Configure Logger

In your application, you may need to configure different logging levels, Appenders, etc. for different Logger objects. By default, all Loggers will inherit the configuration of their parent Logger.

The following example demonstrates how to set different logging levels for specific Loggers in an XML configuration file:

<Loggers>
  <Logger name="com.mycompany.myapp.MyClass" level="debug" />
</Loggers>

In the above example, the name attribute of the Logger element specifies the full class name of the Logger object, and the level attribute specifies the logging level of the Logger object.

3. Logging messages

To log a log message, you can use different methods of the Logger object, such as ​debug()​​, ​info()​​,​, ​warn()​and ​error()​​.

The following example demonstrates how to use the Logger object to log log messages:

logger.debug("This is a debug message");
logger.info("This is an info message");
logger.warn("This is a warn message");
logger.error("This is an error message");

4. Set log levels for different levels of messages

You can set logging levels for different methods of the Logger object to control which messages are logged. By default, Logger objects log messages of all levels. The logging level can be specified in the constructor of the Logger object. For example, if you only want to log messages at level ​INFO​and above, you can use the following code:

import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;

public class MyClass {
    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(MyClass.class);
    
    public MyClass() {
        logger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
    }
}

In the above code, the logging level of the Logger object is set to ​INFO​​​​​. This means that the Logger object only logs messages of level ​INFO​, ​WARN​, ​ERROR​, and ​FATAL​levels.

5. Formatting of log messages

Log4j allows you to format messages using placeholders when logging log messages. For example, you can include variables in your messages and pass the values ​​of those variables to the Logger methods when you call them. Here's an example using formatted messages:

logger.info("User {} logged in from {}", username, ipAddress);

In the above example, ​{}​is a placeholder that will be replaced with the parameter value passed to the Logger method when logging a log message. For example, if the value ​username​of ​​​​is ​john​​​​​, ​ipAddress​and the value ​192.168.1.100​of​​​​is​​​​, the log message logged will be:

User john logged in from 192.168.1.100

6. Exception log

Recording exception logs is the key to debugging and troubleshooting problems. Log4j allows you to log exceptions and their stack traces. You can use different methods of the Logger object to log exceptions, such as ​error()​the method .

The following example demonstrates how to use the Logger object to log exceptions:

try {
    // some code that throws an exception
} catch (Exception e) {
    logger.error("An error occurred", e);
}

In the above example, the Logger object's ​error()​method is passed the exception object as the second parameter. This will cause the Logger object to log the exception and its stack trace.

7. Using Log4j2 to implement asynchronous logging

Log4j2 supports asynchronous logging, which means that log messages can be logged asynchronously in separate threads. Asynchronous logging can improve performance, especially in highly concurrent applications.

To enable asynchronous logging, you need to use an asynchronous Appender, eg ​AsyncAppender​. Here's an example using an asynchronous Appender:

<Appenders>
  <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
    <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n" />
  </Console>
  <Async name="Async">
    <AppenderRef ref="Console" />
  </Async>
</Appenders>
<Loggers>
  <Root level="debug">
    <AppenderRef ref="Async" />
  </Root>
</Loggers>

In the above example, ​Async​an Appender to asynchronously log messages to the console.

8. Log scrolling using Log4j2

Log files can grow very large over time. To avoid this, you can configure Log4j2 to use a Rolling File Appender, which will cause log files to be rolled based on certain criteria (such as by date, size, or time interval).

Here's an example using a File Appender that rolls by date:

<Appenders>
  <RollingFile name="RollingFile" fileName="logs/app.log"
               filePattern="logs/app-%d{MM-dd-yyyy}.log">
    <PatternLayout>
      <Pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</Pattern>
    </PatternLayout>
    <Policies>
      <TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy />
    </Policies>
  </RollingFile>
</Appenders>
<Loggers>
  <Root level="debug">
    <AppenderRef ref="RollingFile" />
  </Root>
</Loggers>

In the above example, ​RollingFile​the Appender to log to ​app.log​a file named . ​​​​Properties​filePattern​ define the format of the log file name. In the above example, the log filenames will be rolled based on the date, with the date in ​MM-dd-yyyy​the format . The element​<TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy>​ tells Log4j2 to roll over the log file at the end of each day.

Fourth, the advanced usage of Log4j

1. Use Appenders to send log messages to different destinations

Log4j allows you to send log messages to different destinations such as console, file, database, etc. Log4j provides a variety of different types of Appenders, which can be selected according to requirements.

Here's an example that uses multiple Appenders to send log messages to the console and to a file:

<Appenders>
  <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
    <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n" />
  </Console>
  <RollingFile name="RollingFile" fileName="logs/app.log"
               filePattern="logs/app-%d{MM-dd-yyyy}.log">
    <PatternLayout>
      <Pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</Pattern>
    </PatternLayout>
    <Policies>
      <TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy />
    </Policies>
  </RollingFile>
</Appenders>
<Loggers>
  <Root level="debug">
    <AppenderRef ref="Console" />
    <AppenderRef ref="RollingFile" />
  </Root>
</Loggers>

In the above example, ​Console​the Appender outputs the log messages to the console, and ​RollingFile​the Appender logs the log messages to a file. The element​<AppenderRef>​ is used to add an Appender to a Logger object.

2. Use Layouts to format log messages

Log4j provides various Layouts for formatting log messages. By default, Log4j uses ​SimpleLayout​, which logs log messages using the following format:

级别 - 消息内容

Here is an example ​PatternLayout​using a custom log message format:

<Appenders>
  <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
    <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n" />
  </Console>
</Appenders>
<Loggers>
  <Root level="debug">
    <AppenderRef ref="Console" />
  </Root>
</Loggers>

In the above example, a custom log message format is ​PatternLayout​specified . ​​​​Indicates​%d​ the date and time, ​%t​​​​Indicates the thread name, ​%-5level​​​​Indicates the level, and aligns the level name to the left, with a maximum of 5 characters, ​%logger{36}​​​Indicates the logger name, with a maximum of 36 characters ​%msg​, ​Denotes the content of the message, ​%n​and represents a newline character.

3. Use Filters to filter log messages

Log4j allows you to filter log messages using Filters. Filters are custom classes used to filter log messages based on specific conditions. For example, you can use Filters to log only specific log messages or filter log messages from specific loggers.

Here is an example of ​ThresholdFilter​filtering :

<Appenders>
  <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
    <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n" />
    <Filters>
      <ThresholdFilter level="info" onMatch="ACCEPT" onMismatch="DENY" />
    </Filters>
  </Console>
</Appenders>
<Loggers>
  <Root level="debug">
    <AppenderRef ref="Console" />
  </Root>
</Loggers>

In the above example, ​ThresholdFilter​specifies that only log ​info​messages of level or higher will be logged. The property​onMatch​ specifies the behavior on match (in this example, accepting the log message), and ​onMismatch​the property specifies the behavior on mismatch (in this example, rejecting the log message).

4. Use the Loggers inheritance mechanism to simplify configuration

Log4j allows you to simplify configuration using the Logger inheritance mechanism. The Logger inheritance mechanism can apply all Appender, Filter and Level properties of the parent Logger to all child Loggers.

Here is an example using the Logger inheritance mechanism:

<Loggers>
  <Logger name="com.example" level="debug" additivity="false">
    <AppenderRef ref="Console" />
  </Logger>
  <Root level="info">
    <AppenderRef ref="Console" />
  </Root>
</Loggers>

In the above example, ​Logger​the element specifies a ​com.example​Logger named and sets its level to ​debug​. The ​​​​property​additivity​ is set to ​false​​​​​, which means that the log message will not be passed to the parent Logger. The ​​​​element​Root​ sets the default level to ​info​​​​​, and ​Console​adds the Appender to it. Since ​com.example​Logger inherits from ​Root​Logger, it will also inherit from ​Console​Appender .

5. Best Practices

1. Use different Loggers for different application components

Using different Loggers for different application components can help you better understand events happening in your application. For example, you can use different Loggers for different components such as controllers, services, and data access layers.

2. Make sure the log level is configured correctly

Ensuring that log levels are properly configured can reduce unnecessary log messages and help you diagnose problems quickly. During development, you can set the log level to ​debug​or ​trace​for more detailed log messages. In a production environment, you can set the log level to ​info​or higher to reduce the number of log messages.

3. Use MDC to track request or thread context

Use MDC (Mapped Diagnostic Context) to add request or thread context information to log messages. For example, you can add the request ID and IP address to the HTTP request and log this information in each log message. This can help you track down log messages for a specific request, as well as find all requests for a specific IP address in log files.

Here is an example using MDC:

import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext;

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
  private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(MyServlet.class);

  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
    // Add request ID and IP address to MDC
    ThreadContext.put("requestId", request.getId());
    ThreadContext.put("ipAddress", request.getRemoteAddr());

    try {
      // Servlet logic
      ...
    } catch (Exception e) {
      LOGGER.error("Error processing request", e);
    } finally {
      // Remove request ID and IP address from MDC
      ThreadContext.remove("requestId");
      ThreadContext.remove("ipAddress");
    }
  }
}

In the above example, ​ThreadContext​the class is used to add and remove MDC attributes. During each request processing, the request ID and IP address are added to the MDC. In exceptional cases, error messages are logged as error-level log messages with exception stack traces attached. After the request processing is complete, the request ID and IP address are removed from the MDC.

4. Periodically clean up log files

Cleaning up log files periodically can prevent log files from becoming too large and occupying disk space. You can use Log4j's ​RollingFileAppender​or ​SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy​to control the size of the log file and periodically delete old log files.

Here is an example ​RollingFileAppender​using :

<Appenders>
  <RollingFile name="RollingFile" fileName="logs/app.log"
    filePattern="logs/app-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log.gz">
    <PatternLayout pattern="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n" />
    <Policies>
      <SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy size="10MB" />
    </Policies>
    <DefaultRolloverStrategy max="10" />
  </RollingFile>
</Appenders>
<Loggers>
  <Root level="info">
    <AppenderRef ref="RollingFile" />
  </Root>
</Loggers>

In the above example, ​RollingFile​the Appender uses ​fileName​the attribute to specify the name of the log file and ​filePattern​the attribute to specify the name pattern of the rolling file. ​​​​Specifies that​SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy​ when the log file size reaches 10MB, a new log file will be created. ​​​​Specify​DefaultRolloverStrategy​ to keep up to 10 old log files. In ​Root​a Logger , ​RollingFile​an Appender is added to an Appender reference in order to write log messages to a file.

6. Summary

In this article, we introduced how to use Log4j for logging and debugging of Java applications. We first introduced the basics of Log4j, including concepts such as Logger, Level, and Appender. We then covered how to configure Log4j in a Java application and log messages at different levels. Then, we introduced the advanced usage of Log4j, including Appenders, Layouts, Filters, and Loggers inheritance mechanism, as well as best practices, including using different Loggers for different application components, ensuring that log levels are configured correctly, using MDC to track requests or Thread context, periodically clean up log files.

Although Log4j and Log4j2 have many similarities, there are some differences between them. Log4j2 is an upgraded version of Log4j that provides better performance and functionality. If you need logging in your Java application, Log4j2 is recommended.

---

【Using Logback】

1. Introduction to Logback

1. Logback overview

Logback is a Java-based logging framework, which is the successor of the Log4j framework and provides higher performance and more functions than Log4j. The core components of Logback include Logger, Appender, Layout, Filter, etc., which can help you record log messages to different targets, such as console, file, database, etc.

2. Advantages of Logback

The advantages of Logback include:

High performance: Logback uses asynchronous logging and buffer technology, which can record a large number of log messages without affecting application performance.

Flexibility: Logback provides a wealth of configuration options and plugins to easily extend its functionality.

Ease of use: Logback has good documentation and examples, making it easy to pick up and use.

Two, use Logback

2.1 Install Logback

Before using Logback, you need to add Logback to your project's classpath. There are two ways to do this:

• Manually add the Logback JAR files to the project's classpath.
• Use a dependency management tool such as Maven or Gradle to manage Logback dependencies.

2.2 Add Logback configuration file

To use Logback for logging, a Logback configuration file needs to be created. By default, Logback looks for a file named logback.xml or logback.groovy at the root of the classpath.

The following is an example of a simple logback.xml file:

<configuration>
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <root level="debug">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </root>
</configuration>

This configuration file defines a console appender named "STDOUT", which logs to the standard output stream. Additionally, a logger named "root" is defined with its level set to "debug" and its appender set to "STDOUT".

Here is an example of a simple logback.groovy configuration file:

import ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder
import ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender

def encoder = new PatternLayoutEncoder()
encoder.pattern = "%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"
encoder.context = context
encoder.start()

def consoleAppender = new ConsoleAppender()
consoleAppender.name = "console"
consoleAppender.encoder = encoder
consoleAppender.context = context
consoleAppender.start()

root(INFO, ['console'])

2.3 Configure the logger

To use Logback for logging in Java, you need to create a Logger object and use it to log messages.

Here is a simple Java class that logs messages using Logback:

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class MyClass {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyClass.class);

    public void doSomething() {
        LOGGER.debug("Doing something");
        LOGGER.info("Something done");
    }
}

This class defines a Logger object named "LOGGER" and uses it in the methods of the class to log debugging information.

2.4 Use of logger levels

Logback provides multiple logging levels, including TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, and OFF. When the logger's level is set to a certain level, all messages below that level will not be logged.

Here is an example of how to set logger levels in Logback:

<configuration>
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <root level="debug">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </root>
</configuration>

In this example, the logger level is set to "debug". This means that only log messages with DEBUG level and above will be logged.

2.5 Using Rolling File Appender

RollingFileAppender is an appender of Logback, which can roll log files according to preset time or file size, thus preventing log files from growing infinitely.

The following is an example of a simple logback.xml file that defines a RollingFileAppender named "rolling":

<configuration>
    <appender name="rolling" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>logs/myapp.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>logs/myapp.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <root level="debug">
        <appender-ref ref="rolling" />
    </root>
</configuration>

In this example, the "rolling" appender defines a log filename, and it writes logs to a file named "logs/myapp.log". RollingFileAppender also uses TimeBasedRollingPolicy to define the rolling policy of log files, generate a new log file every day, and keep up to 7 log files. Finally, the appender uses the same encoder and log level configuration as before.

2.6 Configure console output

In addition to logging to files, Logback can also output log messages to the console.

The following is an example of a simple logback.xml file that defines a ConsoleAppender called "stdout":

<configuration>
    <appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <root level="debug">
        <appender-ref ref="stdout" />
    </root>
</configuration>

In this example, the "stdout" appender defines a console output appender that uses the same encoder and loglevel configuration as before.

2.7 Using MDC (Mapped Diagnostic Contexts)

MDC is an important feature of Logback that allows context information to be passed to the logging system throughout request processing. This information can help you better understand how requests are processed, especially in complex distributed environments.

The following is an example of a simple Java class that demonstrates how to use MDC with Logback:

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.slf4j.MDC;

public class MyService {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyService.class);

    public void doSomething() {
        MDC.put("userId", "1234");
        logger.debug("Starting doSomething()");
        // do some work
        logger.debug("Finished doSomething()");
        MDC.remove("userId");
    }
}

In this example, we first add a value called "userId" to the MDC. We then logged some debug information using the logger. Finally, we removed the "userId" value in the MDC.

To use MDC with Logback, you need to add the following code to your logback.xml file:

<configuration>
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - [%X{userId}] %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <root level="debug">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </root>
</configuration>

In this example, we have used "[%X{userId}]" in the logging pattern, which means that Logback will try to get the value named "userId" from the MDC and include it in the log message.

2.8 Filters using Logback

Logback also provides a filter mechanism that helps you control which messages are logged and which are discarded.

The following is an example of a simple logback.xml file that defines a ConsoleAppender named "stdout" and attaches a filter named "myFilter":

<configuration>
    <appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <filter class="com.example.MyFilter" />
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <root level="debug">
        <appender-ref ref="stdout" />
    </root>
</configuration>

In this example, we define a filter called "myFilter" and add it to the ConsoleAppender. This means that when a log message is delivered to ConsoleAppender, it will first be passed to myFilter for processing. If the filter allows control how the message is processed by returning a FilterReply enumeration value. Possible values ​​include ACCEPT, DENY, and NEUTRAL.

Here is an example of a simple Java class that demonstrates how to implement a filter:

import ch.qos.logback.classic.spi.LoggingEvent;
import ch.qos.logback.core.filter.Filter;
import ch.qos.logback.core.spi.FilterReply;

public class MyFilter extends Filter<LoggingEvent> {

    @Override
    public FilterReply decide(LoggingEvent event) {
        if (event.getLevel().levelInt < Level.ERROR.levelInt) {
            return FilterReply.DENY;
        } else {
            return FilterReply.ACCEPT;
        }
    }
}

In this example, we create a filter called "myFilter" and override its decide() method. In this example, we only allow logging of messages with level ERROR or higher, all messages lower than ERROR are discarded.

3. Summary

In this article, we introduced some important features and functions of the Logback logging framework, including loggers, log levels, appenders, MDC, filters, and RollingFileAppender. We also demonstrated how to use Logback for logging and debugging in Java applications. Although it only introduces some basic functions of Logback, these functions are enough to help you get started with Logback, and can be easily extended to meet your specific needs. If you want to learn more about the advanced features of Logback, it is recommended to check the official documentation or other resources.

Logback is a powerful and flexible logging framework that helps you easily log and debug Java applications. Hope this tutorial can help you learn how to use Logback and facilitate you during the development process. ​