1) Required knowledge
1. Cloud host and snapshot management
a-Cloud host management
Cloud host management is the core function of the OpenStack cloud computing platform. Generally, cloud host management includes creation, deletion, and query. The following commands can be used to manage OpenStack cloud hosts:
openstack server <操作><云主机名>[选项]
Common operations and function descriptions of cloud host management commands:
| Common operations | Function Description |
|---|---|
| create | Create a cloud host |
| delete | Delete cloud host |
| list | List existing cloud hosts |
| start | Turn on the cloud host |
| stop | Shut down the cloud host |
| lock | lock cloud host |
| unlock | Unlock cloud host |
| pause | Pause the cloud host, save the current state to the content |
| unpause | Unpause a cloud host |
| reboot | Restart cloud host |
| rebuild | Rebuild the cloud host |
| rescue | Repair cloud host |
| unrescue | Cancel repair cloud host |
| resize | Adjust cloud host specifications |
| restore | Restore cloud host |
| suspend | Suspend the cloud host and save the current state to disk |
| resume | Unsuspend the cloud host |
| show | View the details of the cloud host |
Common options and function descriptions of cloud host management commands:
| Common options | Function Description |
|---|---|
| –h | show help information |
| –image | The image used when creating the cloud host |
| –flavor | The instance type used when creating the cloud host |
| –volume | Volumes used when creating cloud hosts |
| –snapshot | Snapshots used when creating cloud hosts |
| –security-group | The security group used when creating the cloud host |
| –host | Specify a server to create a cloud host |
| –network | The network connected to the cloud host |
| –port | The port connected to the cloud host |
| –nic<net-id=net-uuid,v4-fixed-ip=ip-addr,v6-fixed-ip=ip-addr,port-id=port-uuid,auto，none> | This option is used to set the network properties of the cloud host: "net-id" is the network connected to the cloud host; "v4-fixed-ip" "v6-fixed-ip" is the bound IP address; "port-id" is The port connected to the cloud host; "auto" means automatically connecting to the network; "none" means not connecting to the network |
| –key-name | Inject the key pair into the cloud host |
b-example
Create a cloud host named "VM_host" with the "cirros" image and the "myflavor" instance type
openstack server create VM_host --image cirros --flavor myflavor --network vm-network
View the list of existing cloud hosts
openstack server list
Restart cloud host:
There are two types of restarts, namely soft restart and hard restart. A soft restart is to try to shut down the cloud host normally and restart it, and a hard restart is to power off and restart the cloud host.
Soft reboot as follows:
openstack server reboot VM_host
#可以通过云主机名或者云主机ID进行操作
Hard reboot as follows:
openstack server reboot VM_host --hard
#可以通过云主机名或者云主机ID进行操作
#其中，--hard选项代表采用硬重启方式
Pause and suspend the cloud host:
save the current state of the cloud host into the memory when suspending, and deactivate the cloud host. After the suspension, you can cancel the suspension, restore the cloud host to the state before the suspension and enable it.
When suspending, save the current state of the cloud host to the disk, and deactivate the cloud host. After the suspension, the suspension can be canceled, and the cloud host can be restored to the state before the suspension and enabled.
Pause the cloud host:
openstack server pause VM_host
#可以通过云主机名或者云主机ID进行操作
To unpause a cloud host:
openstack server unpause VM_host
#可以通过云主机名或者云主机ID进行操作
Suspend the cloud host:
openstack server suspend VM_host
#可以通过云主机名或者云主机ID进行操作
Unsuspend the cloud host:
openstack server unsuspend VM_host
#可以通过云主机名或者云主机ID进行操作
Shut down the cloud host:
openstack server stop VM_host
#可以通过云主机名或者云主机ID进行操作
Start the cloud host:
openstack server start VM_host
#可以通过云主机名或者云主机ID进行操作
Rebuild the cloud host:
If the existing cloud host fails, the cloud host can be restored through the reconstruction operation.
openstack server rebuild VM_host --image cirros
#可以通过云主机名或者云主机ID进行操作
Delete cloud host:
openstack server delete VM_host
#可以通过云主机名或者云主机ID进行操作
Snapshot management:
A mirror can be obtained by taking a snapshot of the cloud host, and this mirror can be used to restore the cloud host or create a new cloud host.
openstack server image create <快照名>[选项]
#例如
openstack server image create VM_host --name vmSnapshot
#生成的镜像可以通过Glance进行管理，查看已有的镜像列表
openstack image list
2. Cloud Console
a.virsh cloud host management tool
Virsh is a management tool provided by the Libvirt package. It provides a series of management functions for cloud hosts, such as starting, deleting, controlling, and monitoring cloud hosts. Virsh has powerful functions, but its management commands are more complicated. I will use two examples to illustrate how to use virsh to connect to a virtual machine and operate it. The Libvirt software package has been installed on the computing node, and the virsh management command is initiated from the computing node.
b. Example
View the list of started cloud hosts
virsh list
Use virsh to connect to the cloud host whose ID is "1"
virsh console 1
After connecting, you need to enter your user name and password, depending on the specific situation. After successful login, $ will be displayed, and then you can enter the corresponding system management commands. Press【ctrl+]】to exit.
2) Project implementation
The following are all done on the control node.
1. Create a cloud host with command mode
Import environment variables
source admin-login
View the network list and get network information
openstack network list
View a list of instance types
openstack flavor list
View the mirror list and get mirror information
openstack image list
Create an instance
Create a cloud host named "VM_host" using the network, instance type, and image information obtained earlier.
openstack server create VM_host --image <镜像名> --flavor <实例类型名> --nicnet-id=<网络id>
View a list of existing instances
openstack server list
2. Manage cloud hosts with command mode
The cloud host can be operated on the control node through the instance name (repeatable) or instance ID (unique).
The cloud host named VM_host is used as a demonstration below
a. Restart the cloud host
Soft restart cloud host:
openstack server reboot VM_host
Hard restart cloud host:
openstack server reboot VM_host --hard
b. Pause and suspend the cloud host
Pause the cloud host:
openstack server pause VM_host
To unpause a cloud host:
openstack server unpause VM_host
Suspend the cloud host:
openstack server suspend VM_host
Unsuspend the cloud host:
openstack server resuspend VM_host
c. Stop and start the cloud host
Stop the cloud host:
openstack server stop VM_host
Start the cloud host:
openstack server start VM_host
d. Delete cloud host
openstack server delete VM_host
3. Create and manage snapshots with command mode
a - create a snapshot with command mode
Create a snapshot named kz-demo for the cloud host
View the list of cloud hosts:
openstack server list
Take a snapshot of an existing cloud host named VM_host:
openstack server image create VM_host --name kz-demo
View the list of snapshots:
openstack image list
b-Manage snapshots with command mode
Rebuild the cloud host:
openstack server rebuild VM_host --image kz-demo
To delete a snapshot or mirror:
openstack image delete kz-demo