Serve
What's wrong with topic? In fact, it is like an uninterrupted rotation system, which takes up more resources.
The service is that the pub provides data only when the sub actively requests data.
- Synchronous mechanism, because sub requests first.
- A single server can have multiple clients.
- .srv files define requests and data structures.
addition and summation
The client sends two numbers and a sum request, and the server sums and sends back.
$ ros2 run learning_service service_adder_server
$ ros2 run learning_service service_adder_client 3 4
[INFO] [1692000933.465148982] [service_adder_client]: Result of add_two_ints: for 3 + 4 = 7
Server code: The template is basically the same, that is, the service interface must be specified when the service is created, and the interface here is the custom AddTwoInts.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@作者: 古月居(www.guyuehome.com)
@说明: ROS2服务示例-提供加法器的服务器处理功能
"""
import rclpy # ROS2 Python接口库
from rclpy.node import Node # ROS2 节点类
from learning_interface.srv import AddTwoInts # 自定义的服务接口
class adderServer(Node):
def __init__(self, name):
super().__init__(name) # ROS2节点父类初始化
self.srv = self.create_service(AddTwoInts, 'add_two_ints', self.adder_callback) # 创建服务器对象（接口类型、服务名、服务器回调函数）
def adder_callback(self, request, response): # 创建回调函数，执行收到请求后对数据的处理
response.sum = request.a + request.b # 完成加法求和计算，将结果放到反馈的数据中
self.get_logger().info('Incoming request\na: %d b: %d' % (request.a, request.b)) # 输出日志信息，提示已经完成加法求和计算
return response # 反馈应答信息
def main(args=None): # ROS2节点主入口main函数
rclpy.init(args=args) # ROS2 Python接口初始化
node = adderServer("service_adder_server") # 创建ROS2节点对象并进行初始化
rclpy.spin(node) # 循环等待ROS2退出
node.destroy_node() # 销毁节点对象
rclpy.shutdown() # 关闭ROS2 Python接口
Client: Send the request asynchronously, that is, instead of waiting for the return value after sending, you can continue to do other processing after sending.
class adderClient(Node):
def __init__(self, name):
super().__init__(name) # ROS2节点父类初始化
self.client = self.create_client(AddTwoInts, 'add_two_ints') # 创建服务客户端对象（服务接口类型，服务名）
while not self.client.wait_for_service(timeout_sec=1.0): # 循环等待服务器端成功启动
self.get_logger().info('service not available, waiting again...')
self.request = AddTwoInts.Request() # 创建服务请求的数据对象
def send_request(self): # 创建一个发送服务请求的函数
self.request.a = int(sys.argv[1])
self.request.b = int(sys.argv[2])
self.future = self.client.call_async(self.request) # 异步方式发送服务请求
def main(args=None):
rclpy.init(args=args) # ROS2 Python接口初始化
node = adderClient("service_adder_client") # 创建ROS2节点对象并进行初始化
node.send_request() # 发送服务请求
while rclpy.ok(): # ROS2系统正常运行
rclpy.spin_once(node) # 循环执行一次节点
if node.future.done(): # 数据是否处理完成
try:
response = node.future.result() # 接收服务器端的反馈数据
except Exception as e:
node.get_logger().info(
'Service call failed %r' % (e,))
else:
node.get_logger().info( # 将收到的反馈信息打印输出
'Result of add_two_ints: for %d + %d = %d' %
(node.request.a, node.request.b, response.sum))
break
node.destroy_node() # 销毁节点对象
rclpy.shutdown() # 关闭ROS2 Python接口
Operation mode: the client passes in data, and the server calculates and returns to the client for output.
$ ros2 run learning_service servise_adder_server
$ ros2 run learning_service servise_adder_client 1 2
Get item location
Based on previous item identification. When the client sends a location request, it can get the current object location.
Server code:
class ImageSubscriber(Node):
def __init__(self, name):
super().__init__(name) # ROS2节点父类初始化
self.sub = self.create_subscription(
Image, 'image_raw', self.listener_callback, 10) # 创建订阅者对象（消息类型、话题名、订阅者回调函数、队列长度）
self.cv_bridge = CvBridge() # 创建一个图像转换对象，用于OpenCV图像与ROS的图像消息的互相转换
self.srv = self.create_service(GetObjectPosition, # 创建服务器对象（接口类型、服务名、服务器回调函数）
'get_target_position',
self.object_position_callback)
self.objectX = 0
self.objectY = 0
def object_detect(self, image):
hsv_img = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV) # 图像从BGR颜色模型转换为HSV模型
mask_red = cv2.inRange(hsv_img, lower_red, upper_red) # 图像二值化
contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(
mask_red, cv2.RETR_LIST, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE) # 图像中轮廓检测
for cnt in contours: # 去除一些轮廓面积太小的噪声
if cnt.shape[0] < 150:
continue
(x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(cnt) # 得到苹果所在轮廓的左上角xy像素坐标及轮廓范围的宽和高
cv2.drawContours(image, [cnt], -1, (0, 255, 0), 2) # 将苹果的轮廓勾勒出来
cv2.circle(image, (int(x+w/2), int(y+h/2)), 5,
(0, 255, 0), -1) # 将苹果的图像中心点画出来
self.objectX = int(x+w/2)
self.objectY = int(y+h/2)
cv2.imshow("object", image) # 使用OpenCV显示处理后的图像效果
cv2.waitKey(50)
def listener_callback(self, data):
self.get_logger().info('Receiving video frame') # 输出日志信息，提示已进入回调函数
image = self.cv_bridge.imgmsg_to_cv2(data, 'bgr8') # 将ROS的图像消息转化成OpenCV图像
self.object_detect(image) # 苹果检测
def object_position_callback(self, request, response): # 创建回调函数，执行收到请求后对数据的处理
if request.get == True:
response.x = self.objectX # 目标物体的XY坐标
response.y = self.objectY
self.get_logger().info('Object position\nx: %d y: %d' %
(response.x, response.y)) # 输出日志信息，提示已经反馈
else:
response.x = 0
response.y = 0
self.get_logger().info('Invalid command') # 输出日志信息，提示已经反馈
return response
def main(args=None): # ROS2节点主入口main函数
rclpy.init(args=args) # ROS2 Python接口初始化
node = ImageSubscriber("service_object_server") # 创建ROS2节点对象并进行初始化
rclpy.spin(node) # 循环等待ROS2退出
node.destroy_node() # 销毁节点对象
rclpy.shutdown() # 关闭ROS2 Python接口
Client code:
class objectClient(Node):
def __init__(self, name):
super().__init__(name) # ROS2节点父类初始化
self.client = self.create_client(GetObjectPosition, 'get_target_position')
while not self.client.wait_for_service(timeout_sec=1.0):
self.get_logger().info('service not available, waiting again...')
self.request = GetObjectPosition.Request()
def send_request(self):
self.request.get = True
self.future = self.client.call_async(self.request)
def main(args=None):
rclpy.init(args=args) # ROS2 Python接口初始化
node = objectClient("service_object_client") # 创建ROS2节点对象并进行初始化
node.send_request()
while rclpy.ok():
rclpy.spin_once(node)
if node.future.done():
try:
response = node.future.result()
except Exception as e:
node.get_logger().info(
'Service call failed %r' % (e,))
else:
node.get_logger().info(
'Result of object position:\n x: %d y: %d' %
(response.x, response.y))
break
node.destroy_node() # 销毁节点对象
rclpy.shutdown() # 关闭ROS2 Python接口
The difference from the previous item identification: before the item identification, the sub subscribes to the camera, now we let the pub subscribe to the camera, and the sub is only responsible for sending the item location service request to obtain the current item location.
The logic here is that the client sets get to true to indicate that it wants to get the object position, and the server assigns values to the xy coordinates according to the interface.
The interface file is defined as follows:
# GetObjectPosition.srv
bool get # 获取目标位置的指令
---
int32 x # 目标的X坐标
int32 y # 目标的Y坐标
The three horizontal lines above and below are requests and responses.
You can ros2 service type 服务名view the interface through .
You can also pass parameters to the service through the command line.
$ ros2 service call /get_target_position learning_interface/srv/GetObjectPosition "get: True"
requester: making request: learning_interface.srv.GetObjectPosition_Request(get=True)
response:
learning_interface.srv.GetObjectPosition_Response(x=497, y=458)
Topic service is the two most common communication methods. The former is suitable for one-way communication of sensors, and the latter is suitable for communication with high synchronization of one question and one answer.