The first version is a great milestone, but it is purely interpreted and uses a plug-in JIT. The performance is relatively poor and the running speed is slow.

This version includes two parts: the operating environment (ie Java Runtime Environment, JRE) and the development environment (Java Development Kit, JDK). The operating environment includes five parts: core API, integration API, user interface API, publishing technology, and Java Virtual Machine (Java Virtual Machine, JVM); the development environment includes a compiler (javac command) for compiling Java programs.

Java SE 1.1

1997-02-19

This version adds a JIT (Just In Time, just-in-time compilation) compiler. Compared with traditional compilers, it saves frequently used instructions in memory, and does not need to be recompiled when it is called next time. This method allows JDK There is a greater advantage in efficiency.

In addition, new features are introduced:

JAR - jar包

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) - database connection specification

Inner Class

Java Beans

RMI (Remote Method Invocation) - remote call

Reflection

Java SE 1.2

1998-12-08 Playground (playground)

        JDK1.2 is an important milestone version. In this version, Sun splits the Java technology system into three directions, which are J2SE (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) for desktop application development, and enterprise-level development. J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition) developed for mobile terminals such as mobile phones.

        At the language and API level, Java has added the strictfp keyword, and the Java class library has added a series of Collections collection classes that are very commonly used in Java coding.

        JDK1.2 Solaris Exact VM, with JIT interpreter, improved GC performance, accurate memory management (Accurate Memory Management), data type sensitivity and other features. But its life cycle is very short, and it will be replaced by Hotspot soon.

In addition, new features are introduced:

collection framework

String constants for memory mapping

JIT Compiler (Just In Time)

Digitally sign packaged Java files

Policy tool to control authorized access to system resources

JFC (Java Foundation Classes) Swing 1.0, drag and drop and Java2D class library

Java plugin

JDBC scrollable result sets, BLOB, CLOB, batch update and user-defined types

Add sound support in Applet

Java SE 1.3

2000-05-08 Kestrel (Kestrel)

The improvement of this version is mainly reflected in the Java class library (such as mathematical operations and new Timer API, etc.), the JNDI service has been provided as a platform-level service since JDK 1.3 (previously JNDI was only an extension service), using CORBA IIOP is used to realize the RMI communication protocol and so on. JDK1.3 has made a lot of optimizations and enhancements to all aspects of Java.

Hotspot ships as a default virtual machine.

New features introduced include:

computation

Timer API (time)

Java Sound API (sound)

CORBA IIOP realizes the communication protocol of RMI

Java 2D New Features

JAR file index

Java SE 1.4

2002-02-13 Merlin

        This version is the most mature version in JDK history. At this time, the participation of companies such as Compaq, Fujitsu, SAS, Symbian, and IBM made JDK1.4 the fastest-growing JDK version. JDK1.4 can already use Java to implement most applications.

        During this period, the Java language shined in the field of enterprise applications, and a large number of open source frameworks based on the Java language emerged: Struts, WebWork, Hibernate, Spring, etc.; a large number of enterprise application servers also began to emerge: WebLogic, WebSphere, JBoss, etc.

        Classic VM has withdrawn from the stage of history.

New features introduced include:

XML processing

Java print service

Log API (Logging)

Java Web Start

JDBC 3.0 API

assertion mechanism

Parameter API (Preferences)

chained exception handling

Support IPV6

Regular expression (Regular)

image I/O API

NIO (advanced streaming)

Java SE 5

2004-09-30 Tiger (Tiger)

At the same time, Sun changed JDK1.5 to Java 5.0 , and J2EE, J2SE, and J2ME were correspondingly changed to Java SE, Java ME, and Java EE. Added functions such as generics, enhanced for loops, variable number of formal parameters, annotations (Annotations), automatic unboxing and boxing; released new enterprise-level platform specifications, such as simplifying the complexity of EJB through new features such as annotations , and launched the EJB3.0 specification, also launched its own MVC framework specification: JSF.

JDK 5 has made great improvements in the ease of use of Java syntax. Syntactic features such as autoboxing, generics, dynamic annotations, enumerations, variable-length parameters, and traversal loops (foreach loops) are all added in JDK 5. At the virtual machine and API levels, this version improves the Java memory model (Java Memory Model, JMM), provides java.util.concurrent and other packages. In addition, JDK 5 is the last JDK version officially declared to support the Windows 9x operating system.

New features introduced include:

Generic

For-Each loop

Automatic boxing and unboxing

Class Safe Enumeration (Enum)

Varargs (Varargs)

import static

Metadata Annotation (Annotation)

Introspect

Memory Model (JMM)

concurrent package (java.util.concurrent)

Java SE 6

2006-12-11 Mustang

This version introduces a new framework that supports the scripting engine, UI enhancements, enhancements to WebService support (JAX-WS2.0 and JAXB2.0), a series of new security-related enhancements, JDBC4.0, Compiler API, general Annotations support. And a lot of improvements have been made to the inside of the Java virtual machine, including quite a few changes in the implementation of locks and synchronization, garbage collection, and class loading.

Provides preliminary dynamic language support (through the built-in Mozilla JavaScript Rhino engine), provides a compile-time annotation processor and a tiny HTTP server API, and more.

New features introduced include:

Nomenclature changes

Scripting language support

Compile API and Micro HTTP Server API

Locks and Synchronization

garbage collection

class loading

JDBC 4.0 (jdbc-advanced)

Java Compiler (interface to the Java™ programming language compiler)

Pluggable annotations

Native PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)

Java GSS (Generic Security Service)

Kerberos (a secure authentication system)

LDAP （LDAP ）

Web Services (web service is xml transmission)

Sorting and filtering of JTable

Embedded database Derby

Java SE 7

2011-07-28 Dolphin (Dolphin)

After Oracle acquired Sun, it immediately announced that it has significantly cut the target of JDK 7 to ensure that the official version of JDK 7 can be released on time on July 28, 2011.

This version introduces new features such as binary integers, switch statements that support strings, diamond syntax, multiple exception captures, and try statements that automatically close resources. Provide a new G1 collector (G1 was still in the Experimental state when it was released, and it was not officially commercialized until Update 4 in April 2012), and strengthen the call support for non-Java languages (JSR-292, this feature is in JDK 11 There are also changes), a parallelizable classloading architecture, etc.

New features introduced include:

The switch statement supports String strings

Generic object type inference - When calling the constructor of a generic class, you can omit the generic parameter, and the compiler will automatically judge.

catch multiple exception catches - multiple exceptions are separated by using the '|' operator

Support for dynamic languages

Improved generic type varargs

Syntactically supports collections not necessarily arrays

Added tools and methods for obtaining environmental information

Boolean type inversion: null pointer safety, participate in bit operations

equals method between two chars

safe addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

Java collections (Collections) enhancements - map collections support concurrent requests

Introduce the Java NIO.2 development kit

Values can be underscored as separators

null is worth handling automatically

Simplified calling variadic methods

Provide GI collector

Strengthen the call support for non-Java languages (JSR-292, upgrade class loading architecture)

Java SE 8（LTS）

2014-03-18

This version brings brand-new Lambda expressions, functional interfaces, Lambda expressions, streaming operations on collections, annotation updates, security enhancements, IO\NIO improvements, and complete globalization functions.

New features introduced include:

Lambda expression

Improved type inference

Java Type Annotations

duplicate comment

method parameter reflection

TLS 1.1 and TLS 1.2 are enabled by default

Limited doPrivileged

Stronger algorithms based on password encryption

SSL/TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension support in JSSE servers

Support AEAD algorithm

KeyStoreEnhancements

SHA-224 message digest

Enhanced support for NSA Suite B encryption

Better support for high-entropy random number generation

New PKIXRevocationChecker class

64-bit PKCS11 for Windows

New rcache type 5 replay cache in Kerberos

Kerberos 5 for Protocol Transition and Constrained Delegation

Disable weak encryption by default

Unbound SASL for GSS-API/Kerberos 5 mechanisms

SASL service for multiple hostnames

JNI bridge to native JGSS on Mac OS X

Support stronger ephemeral DH keys in SunJSSE provider

Support for cipher suite preference customization in JSSE

Brand new JavaFX

Operational Enhancements for Java Tools

Unicode enhancements, including support for Unicode 6.2.0

Adopts Unicode CLDR data and the java.locale.providers system property

New Calendar and Locale API

Introduce new Date Time API

Nashorn JavaScript engine

parallel array sort

Standard encoding and decoding Base64

unsigned arithmetic support

new concurrency

Enhanced Functions of Java XML Technology

Enhanced virtual machine operations

Java SE 9

2017-09-22

JDK 9 was finally released with Jigsaw. In addition to Jigsaw, JDK 9 also enhanced several tools (JS Shell, JLink, JHSDB, etc.), rectified the log system of each module of HotSpot, and supported HTTP 2 client API, etc. 91 a JEP.

JDK 9 provides more than 150 new features, including the highly anticipated modular system, interactive REPL tools: jshell, JDK compilation tools, Java public API and private code, as well as security enhancements, extension improvements, performance management improvements, etc. . It can be said that JDK 9 is a huge system project, and an overall change has been completely made.

New features introduced include:

Platform-level modularity (formerly known as: Jigsaw) modular system

Java's REPL tool: jShell command

Multi-version compatible jar package (this is very useful in dealing with backward compatibility)

Syntax Improvement: Private Methods of Interfaces

Syntax Improvement: Restrictions on UnderScore (underscore) usage

Underlying structure: String storage structure changes (this is very important)

Collection Factory Methods: Quickly create read-only collections

Enhanced Stream API

Brand new HTTP client API

other features

Java SE 10

2018-03-20

The main R&D goal of this version is internal refactoring , such as unified source warehouse, unified garbage collector interface, unified just-in-time compiler interface (JVMCI already exists in JDK 9, here is the introduction of the new Graal just-in-time compiler), etc. It will be an improvement that will be of great benefit to the future development of Java, but for ordinary users, the new features of JDK 10 appear to be lacklustre. After all, it only contains 12 JEPs, and only local type inference is the visible improvement of the encoding side. .

The 12 key new features of Java 10:

JEP 286: Type Inference for Local Variables. This feature has been discussed and investigated in the community for a long time, you can check the JEP 286 survey results

JEP 296: Consolidating multiple code repositories of the JDK into a single repository

JEP 304: Garbage Collector Interface. Improves source isolation between different garbage collectors by introducing a clean garbage collector (GC) interface.

JEP 307: Introducing Parallel Full GC to G1

JEP 310: Application Class Data Sharing. To improve startup and footprint, the existing Class Data Sharing ("CDS") feature is extended to allow application classes to be placed in shared archives

JEP 312: Thread Local Control. Allows stopping individual threads instead of only enabling or stopping all threads

JEP 313: Remove Native-Header Generation Tool (javah)

JEP 314: Additional Unicode Language Tag Extensions. Including: cu (currency type), fw (day of the week for the first day of the week), rg (region coverage), tz (time zone), etc.

JEP 316: Allocate Heap Memory on Alternative Memory Devices. Allows the HotSpot virtual machine to allocate Java object heaps on alternate memory devices

JEP 317: Java-Based JIT Compiler (Experimental)

JEP 319: Root Certificates. Root certificates in the open source Java SE Root CA program

JEP 322: Time-Based Version Release Schema. "Feature releases" will contain new features, "Update releases" will only fix bugs

Java SE 11（LTS）

2018-09-25

This version has a revolutionary garbage collector such as ZGC, and also has the visible improvement of adding the type inference in JDK 10 to the Lambda syntax. InfoQ: Java 11 officially released, interpretation of new features

The 17 key new features (JEP) of Java 11:

181 Nested class visibility control

309 Dynamic file constant

315 Improve Aarch64 Intrinsics

318 Epsilon – a no-op garbage collector

320 Remove Java EE and CORBA modules

321 HttpClient

323 Local variable syntax for Lambda parameters

324 Key agreement for Curve25519 and Curve448 algorithms

327 Unicode 10

328 Flight Recorder

329 haCha20 and Poly1305 encryption algorithm support

330 Launch Single-File Source-Code Programs (start single-file source code programs)

331 Low-overhead Heap Profiling

332 TLS 1.3 support

333 ZGC: A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector (Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector)

335 Deprecated Nashorn JavaScript engine

336 Deprecated Pack200 tools and API

Java SE 12

2019-03-19

It only contains 8 JEPs, which mainly include new functions such as Switch expression and Java microtest suite (JMH). The most striking feature is undoubtedly the addition of the Shen-andoah garbage collector developed by RedHat. As the first non-Oracle garbage collector, Shenandoah's goal is almost exactly the same as that of ZGC released by Oracle in JDK 11. There is inherent competition between the two.

The 8 key new features (JEP) of Java 12:

189: Shenandoah: A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector (Experimental): Added a new garbage collector called Shenandoah, which reduces pause times by doing evacuation while Java threads are running.

230: Microbenchmark Suite: A new set of microbenchmarks is added to enable developers to easily test the performance of the JDK based on the existing Java Microbenchmark Harness (JMH) and create new benchmarks.

325: Switch Expressions (Preview): Extend the switch statement so that it can be used as a statement or expression to simplify daily code.

334: JVM Constants API: Introduce an API to model key class-files and nominal descriptions of runtime artifacts, especially those constants that can be loaded from the constant pool.

340: One AArch64 Port, Not Two : Delete all source code related to arm64 port, keep 32-bit ARM port and 64-bit aarch64 port.

341: Default CDS Archives : Generate class data sharing (CDS) archives by default.

344: Abortable Mixed Collections for G1: When the collection of the G1 garbage collector exceeds the suspension target, the garbage collection process can be aborted.

346: Promptly Return Unused Committed Memory from G1: Improve the G1 garbage collector to automatically return Java heap memory to the operating system when it is idle.

Java SE 13

2019-09-17

This release increases developer productivity by improving the performance, stability, and security of the Java SE platform and JDK. This time JDK13 includes 5 JEP (Java Enhancement Proposals) and a Unicode 12.1 support for a total of 6 major new features.

Six important features of JDK13:

Support Unicode 12.1

Dynamic CDS Archiving

Reimplementation of the java.net.Socket and java.net.ServerSocket APIs

Enhancements to ZGC

Text Blocks (preview language feature)

switch expressions (preview language feature)

Java SE 14

2020-03-17

The following 16 new features have been added to JDK 14:

305: pattern matching of instanceof (preview)

343: Packaging Tool (Incubator)

345: G1 NUMA memory allocation optimization

349: JFR Event Stream

352: Nonatomic byte buffer mapping

358: Friendly NullPointerException

359: Records (Preview)

361: Switch Expressions (Standard)

362: Solaris and SPARC ports deprecated

363: Remove CMS (Concurrent Mark Sweep) Garbage Collector

364: ZGC on macOS

365: ZGC on Windows

366: Deprecate ParallelScavenge + SerialOld GC combination

367: Remove Pack200 Tools and API

368: Text Blocks (Second Preview)

370: External Storage API (Incubator)

Java SE 15

2020-09-15

Java15 mainly has the following features:

339 Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) Montgomery and Distorted Edwards Curve Signature Algorithm

360 Sealed Classes (Preview) Sealed Classes (Preview)

371 Hidden Classes Hidden classes

372 Remove the Nashorn JavaScript Engine Remove nasorn JavaScript engine

373 Reimplement the Legacy DatagramSocket API Reimplement the old DatagramSocket API

374 Disable and Deprecate Biased Locking Disable and Deprecate Biased Locking

375 Pattern Matching for instanceof (Second Preview )

377 ZGC: A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector ZGC: A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector

378 Text Blocks Text Blocks

379 Shenandoah: A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector Shenandoah: Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector

381 Remove the Solaris and SPARC Ports Remove the Solaris and SPARC ports

383 Foreign-Memory Access API (Second Incubator) External Memory Access API (Second Incubator)

384 Records (Second Preview )

385 Deprecate RMI Activation for Removal recommends removing RMI activation

Java SE 16

2021-03-16

JDK16 has brought us 17 improvements, including new language features, new tools, and improvements in memory management.

New features of JDK16:

Improved memory management

new packaging tool

UNIX-Domain Socket channels

Warnings for Value-based Classes

Encapsulating JDK Internals by default

Provides C++14 language features

Some other new features of the preview version

Java SE 17（LTS）

2021-09-14

Another long-support (LTS) version following the release of JDK11 3 years ago, which brings 14 JEP (JDK Enhancement Proposal) updates, including 10 new features, deletion of 2 features, and deprecation of 2 features. Spring Boot 3.0 only supports JDK 17 at a minimum, and is no longer backward compatible, which means that many developers in the future must gradually switch from JDK8 to JDK17.
New features of Java 17:

306: Revert to always strict floating-point semantics

356: Enhanced pseudo-random number generator

382: New macOS rendering pipeline

391: macOS/AArch64 port

398: Deprecate the soon-to-be-deleted Applet API

403: Strongly encapsulate the internal API of JDK

406: Switch pattern matching (preview)

407: Remove RMI activation

409: Sealing class

410: Remove experimental AOT and JIT compiler

411: Deprecation is about to delete the security manager

412: Foreign Functions and Memory API (Incubator)

414: Vector API (second feature incubation)

415: Context-specific deserialization filter

Java SE 18

2022-03-22

Nine new features brought by JDK18:

400: Default UTF-8 character encoding

408: Simple Web Server

413: Support code snippets in Javadoc

416: Reimplement reflection core functionality using method handles

417: Vector API (three hatches)

418: Internet Address Resolution SPI

419: Foreign Function & Memory API (Second Incubation)

420: switch expression (secondary incubation)

421: Deprecated delete related

Java SE 19

2022-09-20

This version has a total of 7 new features, 4 preview features + 2 incubating features + 1 new feature.

Seven new features brought by JDK19:

405: Record Patterns (Preview) - Record Patterns (Preview)

422: Linux/RISC-V Port - Linux/RISC-V port

424: Foreign Function & Memory API (Preview) - Foreign Function and Memory API (Preview)

425: Virtual Threads (Preview) - Virtual Threads (Preview)

426: Vector API (Fourth Incubator) - Vector API (4th Incubator)

427: Pattern Matching for switch (Third Preview) - switch pattern matching (third preview)

428: Structured Concurrency (Incubator) - Structured Concurrency (Incubator)

Java SE 20

2023-03-21

New features of JDK20:

429 Scoped Values (Incubator) Scoped Value (Incubator)

432 Record Patterns (Second Preview) Record Patterns (Second Preview)

433 Pattern Matching for switch (Fourth Preview) switch pattern matching (Fourth Preview)

434 Foreign Function & Memory API (Second Preview) External Function Memory API (2nd Edition)

436 Virtual Threads (Second Preview) Virtual Threads (Second Preview)

437 Structured Concurrency (Second Incubator) Structured Concurrency (Second Incubator Version)

438 Vector API (Fifth Incubator) Vector API (fifth incubator version)

reference:

New features of each version of JDK_Features of each version of jdk

Summary of features of each version of JDK

Java SE 1.0