A Preliminary Study of C++ STL: Optimizing Code Using Containers and Algorithms
In C++ programming, the Standard Template Library (STL) is a very useful tool that provides a set of common data structures and algorithms that can help us write code more efficiently. The containers and algorithms in STL are its most important components. This article will introduce the containers and algorithms in STL in detail, and provide relevant source code examples.
- Containers
Containers are one of the most fundamental components in the STL, they provide the ability to store and manage data. STL provides a variety of container types, each of which has its own unique characteristics and applicable scenarios. The following are some commonly used STL containers:
- vector: A dynamic array that supports fast random access and tail insertion/deletion operations.
- list: Doubly linked list, supports efficient insertion/deletion operations.
- deque: A double-ended queue that supports insertion/deletion at both ends.
- set: An ordered collection, duplicate elements are not allowed.
- map: An ordered map that stores key-value pairs and sorts them according to the keys.
- unordered_set: Unordered collection, duplicate elements are not allowed.
- unordered_map: unordered map, storing key-value pairs without sorting.
Here is a sample code using vector and map:
#include <iostream>