接口测试的全称是应用程序编程接口（API）测试，从原理上来说，接口测试是模拟客户端向服务器端发送请求，然后检查能否获得正确的返回信息。接口测试用于测试RESTful API、SOAP Web服务，这些服务可以通过HTTP、HTTPS、JMS和MQ发送。
图一 自动化测试金字塔
API测试不仅稳定，而且适合自动化测试、容易实现、测试执行速度快。相比上层的UI测试，接口自动化测试的投入产出比更高，因为接口测试更稳定，而且可以在软件开发早期进行，能够更早的发现软件缺陷。随着SOA 架构、微服务架构的流行，面向接口的实现越来越多，也就意味着大量的软件测试都可以通过接口来进行，因此，做好接口测试的自动化成为许多团队的当务之急。
下面我们来盘点一下目前有哪些好用的接口测试工具，以及接口测试会用到的接口Mock工具、接口文档开发工具、接口管理工具。
-
Postman
-
SoapUI
-
REST-Assured
-
JMeter
-
Apifox
-
Katalon Studio
-
Karate
-
WireMock
-
Hoverfly
-
Swagger
-
YApi
接口测试工具
比较好用的接口测试工具包括：Postman、SoapUI、REST-Assured、JMeter、Apifox、Katalon Studio、Karate 。
1）Postman
Postman一款非常流行的API调试工具，被广泛的用于在开发过程中调试接口。Postman简单方便，而且功能强大。在开发调试网络程序时跟踪一些网络请求，能够高效的帮助后端开发人员独立进行接口测试。
官网地址：https://www.postman.com
2）SoapUI
SoapUI是一款应用非常广泛的SOAP和REST API自动化测试工具，凭借其易于使用的图形界面，测试人员可以轻松验证基于 REST 和 SOAP 的 Web 服务，非常适合复杂的测试场景。
官网地址：https://www.soapui.org/
3）REST-Assured
REST-Assured is an open source tool for testing REST API in the Java language, supports XML and JSON request/response, and supports BDD-Given/When/Then syntax. This framework makes it easy and simple for us to write interface test cases in Java language.
The official website is: http://rest-assured.io/
4) JMeter
JMeter is an open source software for application stress and performance testing and is also widely used for interface testing. JMeter supports REST, SOAP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, TCP and other protocols.
JMeter provides more plug-in support: https://jmeter-plugins.org/
Official website address: https://jmeter.apache.org/
5）Apifox
Apifox is powerful as an interface testing tool, and can support API document definition, API debugging, API Mock, and API automated testing. Simply put, Apifox = Postman + Swagger + Mock + JMeter.
In addition, Apifox is born for team collaboration, the interface is updated synchronously on the cloud in real time, and the mature team/project/member authority management meets the needs of various enterprises.
Official website address: https://www.apifox.cn/
6) Katalo Studio
Katalon Studio is a powerful and comprehensive automation tool for API, web, desktop testing and mobile testing. Katalon Studio provides easy deployment by including all frameworks, ALM integrations and plugins in one package. The ability to combine UI and API/Web services to multiple environments (Windows, Mac OS and Linux) is also a unique advantage of Katalon Studio among top API tools. In addition, Katalon Studio is also a no-code automated testing tool, which was introduced in " 202 Software Testing Trend Report: No-code Test Automation ".
Official website address: https://www.katalon.com/
7）Karate
Karate is an open source framework for API testing. It does not require the use of programming languages to develop test codes. Testers can write test cases by using domain-specific languages. This tool is specially designed for automated API testing and released by Intuit. Karate, created by Intuit a few years ago, has developed into a testing framework with comprehensive capabilities, covering API interface functional testing, UI automation testing, performance testing, and providing Mocks support. Section 4.9.4 of the book "Agile Testing: Continuous Testing for Continuous Delivery" has a detailed introduction to the Karate testing tool.
Official website address: https://github.com/karatelabs/karate
Interface Test Mock Tool
8）WireMock
WireMock is an HTTP-based mock service. When the API that the tested API depends on does not exist or is incomplete, WireMock can provide a fixed response for a specific request and capture the incoming request for later verification. WireMock can be used in a project as a third-party library or started as a separate process.
Official website address: http://wiremock.org/
9) Hoverfly
Hoverfly is a lightweight API service simulation tool (sometimes also called a service virtualization tool) that can create a realistic simulation of the API that the application depends on. Hoverfly is used to create reusable virtual services as a replacement for slow and unstable external or third-party services in CI environments, and can also simulate network latency, random failures or rate limits to test edge cases. In addition, Hoeverfly provides a variety of operating modes, which can record, playback, modify or synthesize HTTP responses.
Official website address: https://hoverfly.io/
Interface document development tool
10) Swagger
Swagger is a standardized and complete framework for generating, describing, invoking and visualizing RESTful web services. The goal of Swagger is to define a standard and language-independent interface to the REST API, which allows people and computers to have the ability to discover and understand services without access to source code, documentation, or network traffic monitoring. When properly defined through Swagger, users can understand and interact with remote services with minimal implementation logic.
In addition to the functions of API design, development and documentation, Swagger also supports API testing and API mock functions. Swagger supports the OpenApi 3.0 documentation standard.
Official website address: https://swagger.io/
Interface Management Tool
11) Structure
YApi is an efficient, easy-to-use, and powerful API management platform designed to provide developers, products, and testers with more elegant interface management services. It can help developers easily create, publish, and maintain API.YApi also provides users with an excellent interactive experience. Developers only need to use the interface data writing tools provided by the platform and simple click operations to realize interface management.
Official website address: http://yapi.smart-xwork.cn/
Reference documents: