Table of contents
1. Description
This article is another example of CNN, the cat and dog war, is an example of a self-made data set. The previous examples are all included in the library in python, but this time the example is to collect the data set by yourself, organize it as shown in the figure below, and the link of the data set will be placed in the comment area.
2. Cat vs Dog
2.1 Import related libraries
The following third-party libraries are python-specific libraries for deep learning
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Conv2D, Flatten, Dropout, BatchNormalization
from keras.optimizers import RMSprop, Adam
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
import sys, os # 目录结构
from keras.layers import MaxPool2D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas
from keras.callbacks import EarlyStopping, ReduceLROnPlateau
2.2 Model building
This is another way of writing the model.
A three-layer convolutional layer, three-layer pooling layer, and then a flattening layer (straightening the two-dimensional feature map into the fully connected layer), then a three-layer fully connected layer, and a dropout layer were added.
"1.模型建立"
# 1.卷积层，输入图片大小(150, 150, 3), 卷积核个数16,卷积核大小(5, 5), 激活函数'relu'
conv_layer1 = Conv2D(input_shape=(150, 150, 3), filters=16, kernel_size=(5, 5), activation='relu')
# 2.最大池化层，池化层大小(2, 2), 步长为2
max_pool1 = MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=2)
# 3.卷积层，卷积核个数32,卷积核大小(5, 5), 激活函数'relu'
conv_layer2 = Conv2D(filters=32, kernel_size=(5, 5), activation='relu')
# 4.最大池化层，池化层大小(2, 2), 步长为2
max_pool2 = MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=2)
# 5.卷积层，卷积核个数64,卷积核大小(5, 5), 激活函数'relu'
conv_layer3 = Conv2D(filters=64, kernel_size=(5, 5), activation='relu')
# 6.最大池化层，池化层大小(2, 2), 步长为2
max_pool3 = MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=2)
# 7.卷积层，卷积核个数128,卷积核大小(5, 5), 激活函数'relu'
conv_layer4 = Conv2D(filters=128, kernel_size=(5, 5), activation='relu')
# 8.最大池化层，池化层大小(2, 2), 步长为2
max_pool4 = MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=2)
# 9.展平层
flatten_layer = Flatten()
# 10.Dropout层, Dropout(0.2)
third_dropout = Dropout(0.2)
# 11.全连接层/隐藏层1，240个节点, 激活函数'relu'
hidden_layer1 = Dense(240, activation='relu')
# 12.全连接层/隐藏层2，84个节点, 激活函数'relu'
hidden_layer3 = Dense(84, activation='relu')
# 13.Dropout层, Dropout(0.2)
fif_dropout = Dropout(0.5)
# 14.输出层，输出节点个数1, 激活函数'sigmoid'
output_layer = Dense(1, activation='sigmoid')
model = Sequential([conv_layer1, max_pool1, conv_layer2, max_pool2,
conv_layer3, max_pool3, conv_layer4, max_pool4,
flatten_layer, third_dropout, hidden_layer1,
hidden_layer3, fif_dropout, output_layer])
2.3 Model compilation
The optimizer of the model is Adam, the learning rate is 0.01,
the loss function is binary_crossentropy, binary cross entropy,
the performance index is accuracy,
and a callback mechanism is added.
The callback mechanism is simply understood as the accuracy rate of the training set continues to rise, while the accuracy rate of the validation set is basically unchanged. At this time, overfitting has occurred, and the learning rate should be adjusted to increase the accuracy rate of the validation set.
"2.模型编译"
# 模型编译，2分类：binary_crossentropy
model.compile(optimizer=Adam(lr=0.0001), # 优化器选择Adam，初始学习率设置为0.0001
loss='binary_crossentropy', # 代价函数选择 binary_crossentropy
metrics=['accuracy']) # 设置指标为准确率
model.summary() # 模型统计
# 回调机制 动态调整学习率
reduce = ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor='val_accuracy', # 设置监测的值为val_accuracy
patience=2, # 设置耐心容忍次数为2
verbose=1, #
factor=0.5, # 缩放学习率的值为0.5，学习率将以lr = lr*factor的形式被减少
min_lr=0.000001 # 学习率最小值0.000001
) # 监控val_accuracy增加趋势
2.4 Data Generator
Load the self-made dataset
and use the data generator to enhance the data, that is, the input image for each training will be the flip, translation, rotation, and scaling of the original image, in order to reduce the impact of overfitting.
Then load the data through the iterator, the target image size is 150 150 3, set the number of images loaded to the training network each time, set the classification model (default one-hot encoding), and the data is scrambled.
"3.数据生成器"
# 生成器对象1: 归一化
gen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1 / 255.0)
# 生成器对象2: 归一化 + 数据加强
gen1 = ImageDataGenerator(
rescale=1 / 255.0,
rotation_range=5, # 图片随机旋转的角度5度
width_shift_range=0.1,
height_shift_range=0.1, # 水平和竖直方向随机移动0.1
shear_range=0.1, # 剪切变换的程度0.1
zoom_range=0.1, # 随机放大的程度0.1
fill_mode='nearest') # 当需要进行像素填充时选择最近的像素进行填充
# 拼接训练和验证的两个路径
train_path = os.path.join(sys.path[0], 'dog-cats', 'train')
val_path = os.path.join(sys.path[0], 'dog-cats', 'val')
print('训练数据路径： ', train_path)
print('验证数据路径: ', val_path)
# 训练和验证的两个迭代器
train_iter = gen1.flow_from_directory(train_path, # 训练train目录路径
target_size=(150, 150), # 目标图像大小统一尺寸150
batch_size=8, # 设置每次加载到内存的图像大小
class_mode='binary', # 设置分类模型(默认one-hot编码)
shuffle=True) # 是否打乱
val_iter = gen.flow_from_directory(val_path, # 测试val目录路径
target_size=(150, 150), # 目标图像大小统一尺寸150
batch_size=8, # 设置每次加载到内存的图像大小
class_mode='binary', # 设置分类模型(默认one-hot编码)
shuffle=True) # 是否打乱
2.5 Model Training
The number of model training is 20, and the test is performed every 1 cycle
"4.模型训练"
# 模型的训练， model.fit
result = model.fit(train_iter, # 设置训练数据的迭代器
epochs=20, # 循环次数20次
validation_data=val_iter, # 验证数据的迭代器
callbacks=[reduce], # 回调机制设置为reduce
verbose=1)
2.6 Model saving
Save the model in .h5 file format
"5.模型保存"
# 保存训练好的模型
model.save('my_cnn_cat_dog.h5')
2.7 Visualization of model training results
Visualize the training results of the model, and the visualized results are displayed in the form of graphs
"6.模型训练时的可视化"
# 显示训练集和验证集的acc和loss曲线
acc = result.history['accuracy'] # 获取模型训练中的accuracy
val_acc = result.history['val_accuracy'] # 获取模型训练中的val_accuracy
loss = result.history['loss'] # 获取模型训练中的loss
val_loss = result.history['val_loss'] # 获取模型训练中的val_loss
# 绘值acc曲线
plt.figure(1)
plt.plot(acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(val_acc, label='Validation Accuracy')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.savefig('cat_dog_acc.png', dpi=600)
# 绘制loss曲线
plt.figure(2)
plt.plot(loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(val_loss, label='Validation Loss')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.legend()
plt.savefig('cat_dog_loss.png', dpi=600)
plt.show() # 将结果显示出来
3. CNN model visualization results of cat and dog war
Epoch 1/20
250/250 [==============================] - 59s 231ms/step - loss: 0.6940 - accuracy: 0.4925 - val_loss: 0.6899 - val_accuracy: 0.5050 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 2/20
250/250 [==============================] - 55s 219ms/step - loss: 0.6891 - accuracy: 0.5125 - val_loss: 0.6787 - val_accuracy: 0.5880 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 3/20
250/250 [==============================] - 54s 216ms/step - loss: 0.6791 - accuracy: 0.5840 - val_loss: 0.6655 - val_accuracy: 0.6080 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 4/20
250/250 [==============================] - 60s 238ms/step - loss: 0.6628 - accuracy: 0.6040 - val_loss: 0.6501 - val_accuracy: 0.6300 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 5/20
250/250 [==============================] - 57s 226ms/step - loss: 0.6480 - accuracy: 0.6400 - val_loss: 0.6281 - val_accuracy: 0.6590 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 6/20
250/250 [==============================] - 67s 268ms/step - loss: 0.6275 - accuracy: 0.6565 - val_loss: 0.6160 - val_accuracy: 0.6690 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 7/20
250/250 [==============================] - 62s 247ms/step - loss: 0.6252 - accuracy: 0.6570 - val_loss: 0.6026 - val_accuracy: 0.6790 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 8/20
250/250 [==============================] - 63s 251ms/step - loss: 0.5915 - accuracy: 0.6770 - val_loss: 0.5770 - val_accuracy: 0.6960 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 9/20
250/250 [==============================] - 57s 228ms/step - loss: 0.5778 - accuracy: 0.6930 - val_loss: 0.5769 - val_accuracy: 0.6880 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 10/20
250/250 [==============================] - 55s 219ms/step - loss: 0.5532 - accuracy: 0.7085 - val_loss: 0.5601 - val_accuracy: 0.6970 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 11/20
250/250 [==============================] - 55s 221ms/step - loss: 0.5408 - accuracy: 0.7370 - val_loss: 0.6002 - val_accuracy: 0.6810 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 12/20
250/250 [==============================] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.5285 - accuracy: 0.7350
Epoch 12: ReduceLROnPlateau reducing learning rate to 4.999999873689376e-05.
250/250 [==============================] - 56s 226ms/step - loss: 0.5285 - accuracy: 0.7350 - val_loss: 0.5735 - val_accuracy: 0.6960 - lr: 1.0000e-04
Epoch 13/20
250/250 [==============================] - 70s 280ms/step - loss: 0.4969 - accuracy: 0.7595 - val_loss: 0.5212 - val_accuracy: 0.7410 - lr: 5.0000e-05
Epoch 14/20
250/250 [==============================] - 73s 292ms/step - loss: 0.4776 - accuracy: 0.7740 - val_loss: 0.5146 - val_accuracy: 0.7470 - lr: 5.0000e-05
Epoch 15/20
250/250 [==============================] - 71s 285ms/step - loss: 0.4605 - accuracy: 0.7930 - val_loss: 0.5180 - val_accuracy: 0.7530 - lr: 5.0000e-05
Epoch 16/20
250/250 [==============================] - 74s 298ms/step - loss: 0.4619 - accuracy: 0.7825 - val_loss: 0.5100 - val_accuracy: 0.7510 - lr: 5.0000e-05
Epoch 17/20
250/250 [==============================] - 72s 289ms/step - loss: 0.4558 - accuracy: 0.7885 - val_loss: 0.4991 - val_accuracy: 0.7630 - lr: 5.0000e-05
Epoch 18/20
250/250 [==============================] - 75s 300ms/step - loss: 0.4498 - accuracy: 0.7900 - val_loss: 0.4966 - val_accuracy: 0.7580 - lr: 5.0000e-05
Epoch 19/20
250/250 [==============================] - 61s 243ms/step - loss: 0.4269 - accuracy: 0.8060 - val_loss: 0.5000 - val_accuracy: 0.7690 - lr: 5.0000e-05
Epoch 20/20
250/250 [==============================] - 56s 224ms/step - loss: 0.4202 - accuracy: 0.8090 - val_loss: 0.4845 - val_accuracy: 0.7700 - lr: 5.0000e-05
From the above results, it can be seen that the accuracy rate of the model reached 77%. It can be found that it is not very high, so the following transfer learning is adopted.
4. Complete code
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Conv2D, Flatten, Dropout, BatchNormalization
from keras.optimizers import RMSprop, Adam
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
import sys, os # 目录结构
from keras.layers import MaxPool2D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas
from keras.callbacks import EarlyStopping, ReduceLROnPlateau
"1.模型建立"
# 1.卷积层，输入图片大小(150, 150, 3), 卷积核个数16,卷积核大小(5, 5), 激活函数'relu'
conv_layer1 = Conv2D(input_shape=(150, 150, 3), filters=16, kernel_size=(5, 5), activation='relu')
# 2.最大池化层，池化层大小(2, 2), 步长为2
max_pool1 = MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=2)
# 3.卷积层，卷积核个数32,卷积核大小(5, 5), 激活函数'relu'
conv_layer2 = Conv2D(filters=32, kernel_size=(5, 5), activation='relu')
# 4.最大池化层，池化层大小(2, 2), 步长为2
max_pool2 = MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=2)
# 5.卷积层，卷积核个数64,卷积核大小(5, 5), 激活函数'relu'
conv_layer3 = Conv2D(filters=64, kernel_size=(5, 5), activation='relu')
# 6.最大池化层，池化层大小(2, 2), 步长为2
max_pool3 = MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=2)
# 7.卷积层，卷积核个数128,卷积核大小(5, 5), 激活函数'relu'
conv_layer4 = Conv2D(filters=128, kernel_size=(5, 5), activation='relu')
# 8.最大池化层，池化层大小(2, 2), 步长为2
max_pool4 = MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=2)
# 9.展平层
flatten_layer = Flatten()
# 10.Dropout层, Dropout(0.2)
third_dropout = Dropout(0.2)
# 11.全连接层/隐藏层1，240个节点, 激活函数'relu'
hidden_layer1 = Dense(240, activation='relu')
# 12.全连接层/隐藏层2，84个节点, 激活函数'relu'
hidden_layer3 = Dense(84, activation='relu')
# 13.Dropout层, Dropout(0.2)
fif_dropout = Dropout(0.5)
# 14.输出层，输出节点个数1, 激活函数'sigmoid'
output_layer = Dense(1, activation='sigmoid')
model = Sequential([conv_layer1, max_pool1, conv_layer2, max_pool2,
conv_layer3, max_pool3, conv_layer4, max_pool4,
flatten_layer, third_dropout, hidden_layer1,
hidden_layer3, fif_dropout, output_layer])
"2.模型编译"
# 模型编译，2分类：binary_crossentropy
model.compile(optimizer=Adam(lr=0.0001), # 优化器选择Adam，初始学习率设置为0.0001
loss='binary_crossentropy', # 代价函数选择 binary_crossentropy
metrics=['accuracy']) # 设置指标为准确率
model.summary() # 模型统计
# 回调机制 动态调整学习率
reduce = ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor='val_accuracy', # 设置监测的值为val_accuracy
patience=2, # 设置耐心容忍次数为2
verbose=1, #
factor=0.5, # 缩放学习率的值为0.5，学习率将以lr = lr*factor的形式被减少
min_lr=0.000001 # 学习率最小值0.000001
) # 监控val_accuracy增加趋势
"3.数据生成器"
# 生成器对象1: 归一化
gen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1 / 255.0)
# 生成器对象2: 归一化 + 数据加强
gen1 = ImageDataGenerator(
rescale=1 / 255.0,
rotation_range=5, # 图片随机旋转的角度5度
width_shift_range=0.1,
height_shift_range=0.1, # 水平和竖直方向随机移动0.1
shear_range=0.1, # 剪切变换的程度0.1
zoom_range=0.1, # 随机放大的程度0.1
fill_mode='nearest') # 当需要进行像素填充时选择最近的像素进行填充
# 拼接训练和验证的两个路径
train_path = os.path.join(sys.path[0], 'dog-cats', 'train')
val_path = os.path.join(sys.path[0], 'dog-cats', 'val')
print('训练数据路径： ', train_path)
print('验证数据路径: ', val_path)
# 训练和验证的两个迭代器
train_iter = gen1.flow_from_directory(train_path, # 训练train目录路径
target_size=(150, 150), # 目标图像大小统一尺寸150
batch_size=8, # 设置每次加载到内存的图像大小
class_mode='binary', # 设置分类模型(默认one-hot编码)
shuffle=True) # 是否打乱
val_iter = gen.flow_from_directory(val_path, # 测试val目录路径
target_size=(150, 150), # 目标图像大小统一尺寸150
batch_size=8, # 设置每次加载到内存的图像大小
class_mode='binary', # 设置分类模型(默认one-hot编码)
shuffle=True) # 是否打乱
"4.模型训练"
# 模型的训练， model.fit
result = model.fit(train_iter, # 设置训练数据的迭代器
epochs=20, # 循环次数20次
validation_data=val_iter, # 验证数据的迭代器
callbacks=[reduce], # 回调机制设置为reduce
verbose=1)
"5.模型保存"
# 保存训练好的模型
model.save('my_cnn_cat_dog.h5')
"6.模型训练时的可视化"
# 显示训练集和验证集的acc和loss曲线
acc = result.history['accuracy'] # 获取模型训练中的accuracy
val_acc = result.history['val_accuracy'] # 获取模型训练中的val_accuracy
loss = result.history['loss'] # 获取模型训练中的loss
val_loss = result.history['val_loss'] # 获取模型训练中的val_loss
# 绘值acc曲线
plt.figure(1)
plt.plot(acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(val_acc, label='Validation Accuracy')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.savefig('cat_dog_acc.png', dpi=600)
# 绘制loss曲线
plt.figure(2)
plt.plot(loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(val_loss, label='Validation Loss')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.legend()
plt.savefig('cat_dog_loss.png', dpi=600)
plt.show() # 将结果显示出来
5. Transfer Learning for Cats and Dogs
Transfer learning is simply to use the model that others have trained for your own use.
from keras.applications import DenseNet121
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Conv2D, Flatten, Dropout, BatchNormalization
from keras.optimizers import RMSprop, Adam
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
import sys, os # 目录结构
from keras.layers import MaxPool2D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas
from keras.callbacks import EarlyStopping, ReduceLROnPlateau
"1.模型建立"
# 加载DenseNet网络模型，并去掉最后一层全连接层，最后一个池化层设置为max pooling
net = DenseNet121(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, pooling='max')
# 设计为不参与优化，即MobileNet这部分参数固定不动
net.trainable = False
newnet = Sequential([
net, # 去掉最后一层的DenseNet121
Dense(1024, activation='relu'), # 追加全连接层
BatchNormalization(), # 追加BN层
Dropout(rate=0.5), # 追加Dropout层，防止过拟合
Dense(1,activation='sigmoid') # 根据宝可梦数据的任务，设置最后一层输出节点数为5
])
newnet.build(input_shape=(None, 150, 150, 3))
"2.模型编译"
newnet.compile(optimizer=Adam(lr=0.0001), loss="binary_crossentropy", metrics=["accuracy"])
newnet.summary()
# 回调机制 动态调整学习率
reduce = ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor='val_accuracy', # 设置监测的值为val_accuracy
patience=2, # 设置耐心容忍次数为2
verbose=1, #
factor=0.5, # 缩放学习率的值为0.5，学习率将以lr = lr*factor的形式被减少
min_lr=0.000001 # 学习率最小值0.000001
) # 监控val_accuracy增加趋势
"3.数据生成器"
# 生成器对象1: 归一化
gen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1 / 255.0)
# 生成器对象2: 归一化 + 数据加强
gen1 = ImageDataGenerator(
rescale=1 / 255.0,
rotation_range=5, # 图片随机旋转的角度5度
width_shift_range=0.1,
height_shift_range=0.1, # 水平和竖直方向随机移动0.1
shear_range=0.1, # 剪切变换的程度0.1
zoom_range=0.1, # 随机放大的程度0.1
fill_mode='nearest') # 当需要进行像素填充时选择最近的像素进行填充
# 拼接训练和验证的两个路径
train_path = os.path.join(sys.path[0], 'dog-cats', 'train')
val_path = os.path.join(sys.path[0], 'dog-cats', 'val')
print('训练数据路径： ', train_path)
print('验证数据路径: ', val_path)
# 训练和验证的两个迭代器
train_iter = gen1.flow_from_directory(train_path, # 训练train目录路径
target_size=(150, 150), # 目标图像大小统一尺寸150
batch_size=10, # 设置每次加载到内存的图像大小
class_mode='binary', # 设置分类模型(默认one-hot编码)
shuffle=True) # 是否打乱
val_iter = gen.flow_from_directory(val_path, # 测试val目录路径
target_size=(150, 150), # 目标图像大小统一尺寸150
batch_size=10, # 设置每次加载到内存的图像大小
class_mode='binary', # 设置分类模型(默认one-hot编码)
shuffle=True) # 是否打乱
"4.模型训练"
# 模型的训练， newnet.fit
result = newnet.fit(train_iter, # 设置训练数据的迭代器
epochs=20, # 循环次数20次
validation_data=val_iter, # 验证数据的迭代器
callbacks=[reduce], # 回调机制设置为reduce
verbose=1)
"5.模型保存"
# 保存训练好的模型
newnet.save('my_cnn_cat_dog_3.h5')
"6.模型训练时的可视化"
# 显示训练集和验证集的acc和loss曲线
acc = result.history['accuracy'] # 获取模型训练中的accuracy
val_acc = result.history['val_accuracy'] # 获取模型训练中的val_accuracy
loss = result.history['loss'] # 获取模型训练中的loss
val_loss = result.history['val_loss'] # 获取模型训练中的val_loss
# 绘值acc曲线
plt.figure(1)
plt.plot(acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(val_acc, label='Validation Accuracy')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.savefig('cat_dog_acc_3.png', dpi=600)
# 绘制loss曲线
plt.figure(2)
plt.plot(loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(val_loss, label='Validation Loss')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.legend()
plt.savefig('cat_dog_loss_3.png', dpi=600)
plt.show() # 将结果显示出来
It can be found that the accuracy rate of the model after transfer learning has reached 96%.