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Before that, a brief review:
Four characteristics of transactions:
- Atomicity: Transactions are indivisible, either all are executed or none are executed.
- Consistency: Before and after the execution of the transaction, the integrity of the data remains consistent, that is, the total amount of data before and after modification is roughly the same.
- Isolation: During the execution of a transaction, it will not be disturbed by other transactions.
- Durability: Once a transaction ends, the impact on the database is permanent. The data is persisted to the database.
Common problems of transactions in concurrent scenarios:
- Dirty read: When transaction A reads the uncommitted data of transaction B, transaction B rolls back, causing the data read by transaction A to be dirty data.
- Non-repeatable read: after transaction A reads the data for the first time, transaction B modifies and submits the data