The source code of a simple Tetris game implemented by Python based on thinker: 1. Build the interface

Record the game ideas and process of the Tetris mini-game

1. Build the interface

**Goal:** Build a basic interface and display 7 shapes of Tetris in a fixed position

Build the basic form

Use the tkinter library to implement the basic form, without adding any functions, just the following three lines of code

import tkinter as tk
#它可以用来创建一个新的图形界面（GUI）窗口。 tk.Tk() 调用这个函数并创建一个新的Tkinter窗口，可以用来添加其他gui组件，如按钮，文本框，标签等
windows = tk.Tk()

#mainloop()函数是python中tkinter模块的主要方法，它将一个python程序作为GUI应用程序运行，该函数可以让你的程序在循环中保持运行，以便捕获用户的输入事件和重绘GUI。
windows.mainloop()

The result of the operation is as follows:

Step 1: Create the Artboard Size

Next, we need to add a canvas container in the form to "hold" Tetris, that is, let this canvas be used as a panel, and the movement and drawing of Tetris are realized on this canvas.

#定义一些参数：
#画板的行数：R=20
#画板的列数：C=12
#俄罗斯方块的大小cell_size=30
#俄罗斯方块的高度：Height=cell_size*C
#俄罗斯方块的宽度：Width=cell_size*R
R=20
C=12
cell_size=30
height=cell_size*R
width=cell_size*C

#创建画板
canvas = tk.Canvas(windows, width=width, height=height)

# pack()是一个tkinter模块中的函数，它可以自动调整画布大小来适应其中包含的元素。
canvas.pack()
windows.mainloop()

The result of the operation is as follows:

Step 2: Draw on the canvas

Now we can draw on the artboard, the next step is to draw Tetris on it

There are two steps here:

Step 1: Draw a square

Step 2: Draw all the squares

#画出一个方块
def draw_cell_by_cr(canvas, c, r, color="#CCCCCC"):
    """
    :param canvas:画板，用于绘制一个方块的Canvas对象
    :param c:方块的列数
    :param r:方块的行数
    :color:方块的颜色
    :return
    """
    x0 = c * cell_size
    y0 = r * cell_size
    x1 = c * cell_size + cell_size
    y1 = r * cell_size + cell_size
    # 用于在Canvas上绘制矩形。参数x0，y0，x1，y1是矩形的左上角和右下角的坐标；fill=color设置矩形的填充颜色；outline="white"设置矩形轮廓的颜色；width=2设置矩形边框的粗细。。
     canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color, outline="white",width=2)
        
#画出所有的方块
#通过两层for循环遍历出画板所有方块
def draw_blank_board(canvas):
    for ri in range(R):
        for ci in range(C):
            draw_cell_by_cr(canvas, ci, ri)

The running effect is as follows:

Draw Tetris

There are 7 shapes of Tetris

Step 1: Draw an o-shaped Tetris

Start with the simplest O-shaped Tetris (that is, matts, as shown below)

如何确定田字格的位置？

Analysis process:

田字型方块It consists of four 格子, if 4 grids are determined 坐标, then the position of the matt square can be determined

solution:

Take the coordinates of the lower left corner of the 4 grids to represent the coordinates of the grid

The lower left corners of the four grids are:方块一（-1,0）、方块二（0,0）、方块三（0，-1）、方块四（-1,-1）

Taking the midpoint of matts as the origin, the coordinates of the four grids of matts Tetris are shown in the figure below

Documented with lists and tuples as

[
    (-1, -1), 
    (0, -1), 
    (-1, 0), 
    (0, 0)
]

We store the mapping relationship between the Tetris shape string and the coordinate list in the dictionary SHAPES (the mapping relationship can be understood as a one-to-one relationship here),

At the same time, a dictionary SHAPESCOLOR is established to record the one-to-one correspondence between Tetris shape strings and colors.

Since a shape can be seen as composed of multiple squares, we can create a new function draw_cells to draw this shape

Finally choose a place to draw this shape.

# 定义形状
SHAPES = {
    
    
    "O": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 0)],
}

# 定义形状的颜色
SHAPESCOLOR = {
    
    
    "O": "blue",
}

#该函数的作用是在给定的画布上绘制特定数量的单元格，单元格列表指定了单元格的位置，而颜色指定了单元格的颜色
def draw_cells(canvas, c, r, cell_list, color="#CCCCCC"):
    """
    绘制指定形状指定颜色的俄罗斯方块
    :param canvas: 画板
    :param r: 该形状设定的原点所在的行
    :param c: 该形状设定的原点所在的列
    :param cell_list: 该形状各个方格相对自身所处位置
    :param color: 该形状颜色
    :return:
    """
    for cell in cell_list:
        cell_c, cell_r = cell
        ci = cell_c + c
        ri = cell_r + r
        # 判断该位置方格在画板内部(画板外部的方格不再绘制)
        if 0 <= c < C and 0 <= r < R:
            draw_cell_by_cr(canvas, ci, ri, color)

# 下面这行代码放在draw_blank_board(canvas) 下面
# 任取一个位置，如（3,3）绘制一个ｏ型俄罗斯方块，用于展示
draw_cells(canvas, 3, 3, SHAPES['O'], SHAPESCOLOR['O'])

The result of the operation is as follows:

Step 2: Draw other shape squares

There are seven main types of Tetris, except for the O type above, the other six Tetris are shown in the figure

Correspondingly, to add the coordinates and colors of other squares in SHAPES and SHAPESCOLOR, the addition is as follows

# 定义各种形状
SHAPES = {
    
    
    "O": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 0)],
    "S": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, -1)],
    "T": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, 0)],
    "I": [(0, 1), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)],
    "L": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (-1, -1), (-1, -2)],
    "J": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)],
    "Z": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0)],
}

# 定义各种形状的颜色
SHAPESCOLOR = {
    
    
    "O": "blue",
    "S": "red",
    "T": "yellow",
    "I": "green",
    "L": "purple",
    "J": "orange",
    "Z": "Cyan",
}

Change the code where the original O-shaped Tetris was drawn to the following code to draw these seven types of Tetris

draw_cells(canvas, 3, 3, SHAPES['O'], SHAPESCOLOR['O'])
draw_cells(canvas, 3, 8, SHAPES['S'], SHAPESCOLOR['S'])
draw_cells(canvas, 3, 13, SHAPES['T'], SHAPESCOLOR['T'])
draw_cells(canvas, 8, 3, SHAPES['I'], SHAPESCOLOR['I'])
draw_cells(canvas, 8, 8, SHAPES['L'], SHAPESCOLOR['L'])
draw_cells(canvas, 8, 13, SHAPES['J'], SHAPESCOLOR['J'])
draw_cells(canvas, 5, 18, SHAPES['Z'], SHAPESCOLOR['Z'])

The result of the operation is as follows:

Complete code download address: Simple Tetris game source code implemented by Python based on thinker