Common waiting methods for UI automation
In UI automation, the script is often unstable. Sometimes elements can be located, but sometimes they cannot be located. The above situation can be solved by waiting. Let's introduce the common waiting methods below.
1. Forced waiting: (sleep)
Forced waiting: Regardless of whether the browser element is loaded or not, the program has to wait for 3 seconds, and when the 3 seconds are up, continue to execute the following code. code show as below:
from selenium import webdriver # Import the webdriver in selenium
from time import sleep # Import the sleep driver in the time module
= webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com") # Open the Baidu homepage website
sleep (2) # Wait for two seconds
driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("It stone software test") # Input it stone software test in the Baidu homepage input box
driver.find_element_by_id("su").click() # Click the Baidu button
sleep(2)
driver.quit() # Close the browser
2. Implicitly wait: (implicitly_wait)
implicitly_wait(x): Set the waiting time to x seconds and wait for the element to be loaded. If the element is not loaded by the time, a NoSuchElementException error will be thrown. code show as below:
from selenium import webdriver # Import webdriver in selenium
from time import sleep # Import sleep
driver in time module = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(30) # Implicit wait, up to 30 seconds
driver.get("https ://www.baidu.com") # Open the Baidu homepage website
driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("It Stone Software Test") #Input it Stone Software Test
driver.find_element_by_id(" su").click() # Click the Baidu button
driver.quit() # Close the browser
Note: Implicit waiting works on the entire driver cycle, so it only needs to be set once.
3. Display wait: (WebDriverWait)
Display waiting: Set a waiting time and a condition. Within the specified time, check whether the condition is true at regular intervals. If it is true, the program will continue to execute, otherwise it will prompt a timeout exception.
Typically the WebDriverWait class will be used in conjunction with the ExpectedCondition class. code show as below:
Specific parameters and methods of WebDriverWait:
WebDriverWait(driver,timeout,poll_frequency=0.5,ignored_exceptions=None) driver: browser driver timeout: timeout, the longest waiting time poll_frequency: the interval between each detection, the default is 0.5 seconds ignored_exceptions: exception information after timeout, By default, a NoSuchElementException is thrown until(method, message='') method: During the waiting period, the incoming method is called at regular intervals until the return value is not False message: If it times out, a TimeoutException is thrown and the message is passed into exception
The commonly used judgment conditions in ExpectedCondition are as follows:
# Judging whether the specified element is loaded presence_of_element_located # Judging whether an element is visible visibility_of_element_located # Judging whether the frame can be cut in, you can pass in the locator tuple or directly the positioning method: id, name, index or WebElement frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it # Judging whether the element is selected element_located_to_be_selected # Determine whether the element can be clicked element_to_be_clickable:
The actual code is as follows:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By # Introduce By positioning method
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get( 'https://www.baidu.com') #Open Baidu Homepage
# Set the judgment condition: wait for the element with id='kw' to be loaded, set the browser: driver, wait time: 20s, check every 0.5 seconds Whether the element is loaded
input_element = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=20,poll_frequency=0.5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'kw'))) input_element.send_keys
('Input data') # in the input box Enter the data that needs to be input
driver.quit()
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