Introduction to Urllib (1) - the difference between get and post

1. What is an Internet crawler

Use a program to simulate a browser, initiate a request to the server, and obtain the response information.

2. Reptile Core

Crawl the web
Analytical data
Difficulty: the game between reptiles and anti-reptiles

3. Use of urllib library

urllib.request.urlopen() simulates the browser sending a request to the server


# 使用urllib来获取百度首页的源码
import urllib.request


# (1)定义一个url  就是你要访问的地址
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'

# (2)模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求 response响应
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)

# （3）获取响应中的页面的源码  content 内容的意思
# read方法  返回的是字节形式的二进制数据
# 我们要将二进制的数据转换为字符串
# 二进制--》字符串  解码  decode('编码的格式')
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')

# （4）打印数据
print(content)

UA introduction: User Agent is called User Agent in Chinese, or UA for short. It is a special string header that enables the server to identify the operating system and version, CPU type, browser and version used by the client. Browser kernel, browser rendering engine, browser language, browser plug-in, etc.

Summary: The difference between post and get
1: The parameters of the get request method must be encoded, and the parameters are spliced behind the url. After encoding, there is no need to call the encode method
2: The parameters of the post request method must be encoded, and the parameters are placed in the method customized by the request object , you need to call the encode method after encoding

4. Sample example

4.1 douban movies

get request
Get the data of the first page of the douban movie and save it

# https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&
# start=0&limit=20

# https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&
# start=20&limit=20

# https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&
# start=40&limit=20

# https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&
# start=60&limit=20

# page    1  2   3   4
# start   0  20  40  60

# start （page - 1）*20


# 下载豆瓣电影前10页的数据
# （1） 请求对象的定制
# （2） 获取响应的数据
# （3） 下载数据

import urllib.parse
import urllib.request

def create_request(page):
    base_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type=5&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&'

    data = {
    
    
        'start':(page - 1) * 20,
        'limit':20
    }

    data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)

    url = base_url + data

    headers = {
    
    
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
    }

    request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)
    return request


def get_content(request):
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
    return content


def down_load(page,content):
    with open('douban_' + str(page) + '.json','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:
        fp.write(content)




# 程序的入口
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_page = int(input('请输入起始的页码'))
    end_page = int(input('请输入结束的页面'))

    for page in range(start_page,end_page+1):
#         每一页都有自己的请求对象的定制
        request = create_request(page)
#         获取响应的数据
        content = get_content(request)
#         下载
        down_load(page,content)

4.2 Request KKC official website

post method
Please add a picture description

# 1页
# http://www.kfc.com.cn/kfccda/ashx/GetStoreList.ashx?op=cname
# post
# cname: 北京
# pid:
# pageIndex: 1
# pageSize: 10

# 2页
# http://www.kfc.com.cn/kfccda/ashx/GetStoreList.ashx?op=cname
# post
# cname: 北京
# pid:
# pageIndex: 2
# pageSize: 10
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
def create_request(page):
    base_url = 'http://www.kfc.com.cn/kfccda/ashx/GetStoreList.ashx?op=cname'
    data = {
    
    
        'cname': '北京',
        'pid':'',
        'pageIndex': page,
        'pageSize': '10'
    }
    data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
    headers = {
    
    
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36'
    }
    request = urllib.request.Request(url=base_url,headers=headers,data=data)
    return request
def get_content(request):
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
    return content
def down_load(page,content):
    with open('kfc_' + str(page) + '.json','w',encoding='utf-8')as fp:
        fp.write(content)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_page = int(input('请输入起始页码'))
    end_page = int(input('请输入结束页码'))

    for page in range(start_page,end_page+1):
        # 请求对象的定制
        request = create_request(page)
        # 获取网页源码
        content = get_content(request)
        # 下载
        down_load(page,content)