Analysis of the application of UPS equipment in the logistics computer room | Jingdong logistics technical team

1 Introduction to UPS

UPS is an uninterruptible power supply (Uninterruptible Power Supply), which is an uninterruptible power supply containing an energy storage device. It is mainly used to provide uninterrupted power supply to some devices that require high power stability.

When the mains input is normal, the UPS will stabilize the mains and supply it to the load. At this time, the UPS is an AC voltage stabilizer, and it also charges the battery inside the machine; when the mains is interrupted (accident power outage) , the UPS will continue to supply 220V AC power to the load through the method of switching and converting the DC power of the battery immediately, so as to maintain the normal operation of the load and protect the software and hardware of the load from damage. UPS devices usually provide protection against overvoltage or undervoltage.

2 UPS working principle

The commonly used UPS configuration is shown in the figure below. Its basic structure is a set of rectifiers and chargers that convert AC power into DC power, and an inverter that converts DC power into AC power. The battery stores energy and maintains it when the AC power is normally supplied. At a normal charging voltage, once the mains power supply is interrupted, the battery immediately supplies power to the inverter to ensure the AC output voltage of the UPS power supply, so that the computer can maintain normal operation and protect software and hardware from damage.

When the utility power is normally supplied within the range allowed by the UPS, the current reaches the load through the bypass mode to provide power for the equipment.

When the mains fails or the voltage and frequency of the mains exceed the normal range, the machine will provide power for the equipment through the battery-inverter.

3 UPS selection

The selection of UPS is generally based on the load of on-site equipment. At present, small and medium-sized parks generally use 6-10KVA, medium and large parks generally use 10-20KVA, and large or super-large sub-one parks generally use 80KVA.

The specific selection depends on the load of the equipment in the computer room. Generally, the best working method is to control the load within the range of 50%~60% of the rated output power. It is forbidden to use overloading. The manufacturer recommends that the maximum starting load of the UPS power supply should be controlled within 80%. If overloaded, the inverter triode will often be broken down in the inverter state. At the same time, it is not suitable to operate with excessive light load. In this case, the battery is likely to fail due to the low discharge current of the battery.

4 ups approach survey

The UPS needs to meet the installation conditions when entering the site for installation, so as to avoid failure to install due to the site construction conditions not meeting the installation conditions, resulting in secondary on-site costs.

1.6KVA installation power requirements

single in single out	input blank	63A main side homologous single-phase input 2P or 1P	output circuit breaker	63A single-phase input 2P or 1P
single in single out	UPS input cable	YJV 36 mm²*	UPS output cable	YJV 36 mm²*
Three in one out	input blank	63A main side homologous three-phase input 3P	output circuit breaker	63A single-phase input 2P or 1P
Three in one out	UPS input cable	YJV 5*6mm²	UPS output cable	YJV 3*6mm²
Code of Practice	installation space	Front 800 mm Rear 500 mm Left 200 mm Right 200 mm

2.10KVA installation power requirements

single in single out	input blank	125A main side homologous single-phase input 2P or 1P	output circuit breaker	63A single-phase input 2P or 1P
single in single out	UPS input cable	YJV 316 mm²*	UPS output cable	YJV 316 mm²*
Three in one out	input blank	125A main side homologous three-phase input 3P	output circuit breaker	63A single-phase input 2P or 1P
Three in one out	UPS input cable	YJV 516 mm²*	UPS output cable	YJV 316 mm²*
Code of Practice	installation space	Front 800 mm Rear 500 mm Left 200 mm Right 200 mm

3.20KVA installation power requirements

Three in one out	input blank	Main side 63A/3P, bypass 125A/1P	output circuit breaker	100A single phase input 2P or 1P
Three in one out	UPS input cable	YJV 425+116 mm²	UPS output cable	YJV 325 mm²*
Three in three out	input blank	Main road 63A/3P, bypass 125A/3P	output circuit breaker	63A/3P
Three in three out	UPS input cable	YJV 425+116 mm²	UPS output cable	YJV 425+116 mm²
operating space	installation space	Front 800 mm Rear 500 mm Left 200 mm Right 200 mm

4. Environmental requirements

temperature	run	0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F)
temperature		storage	-15°C to 60°C (5°F to 140°F) UPS battery charge every 6 months
humidity	Relative humidity	0% - 95%, non-condensing
altitude	altitude	When installed and used in an environment with an altitude exceeding 1000m, the output power should be calculated to decrease by 1% every 100m.

This device is intended for indoor use only. The place where the equipment is stored should be firm and secure.

Do not use the UPS in a dusty environment or where the temperature/humidity exceeds the specified range.

This device has ventilation openings, leave at least 30cm ventilation space.

Battery life is affected by environmental factors. High temperature, poor mains power, and frequent short-term discharges will shorten battery life.

5 Precautions for UPS installation

5.1 Electrical safety

The installation, operation, repair and maintenance of electrical equipment must be done by qualified personnel.
请穿戴适当的个人防护装备，并遵守电气安全操作规范。
操作设备或维护设备时，请关闭UPS系统的所有电源。
操作UPS系统前，请检查所有端子之间（包括保护性接地）是否存在危险电压。
UPS包含内部电源。即便与市电断开，也可能存在危险电压。安装或维修UPS系统前，请确保设备处于OFF（断开）状态，并且断开市电和电池连接。在打开UPS前，请等待五分钟以使电容器放电。
必须使用符合当地法规的隔离装置（断开装置、开关）将UPS系统与其上游电源隔离。隔离装置必须位于显眼且便于操作的位置。
UPS必须妥善接地，并且由于存在大的漏电流，必须首先连接接地导线。未按说明操作可能导致人身伤亡等严重后果。

5.2 电池安全

安装电池电路断路器时必须遵守规范和要求。
维修电池时仅可由熟悉电池的合格人员进行或在其监督下进行，且需要谨慎小心。切勿让勿资质的人员操作电池。
接或断开电池接线端子前，请断开充电电源。
请勿将电池投入火中，否则可能发生爆炸。
请勿拆解、改装或毁坏电池。电池里流出的电解液会损伤皮肤和眼睛。电解质可能有毒。
请摘下手表、戒指或其它金属物件。
请使用带绝缘把手的工具。
戴上防护眼镜、手套和胶鞋。
请勿将工具或金属零件放在电池上。
在连接或断开电池接线端子之前，请断开充电电源。
确定电池是否因疏忽而接地。如果电池因疏忽而接地，移除接地。接触接地电池的任何部分均可能会引起触电危险。在安装和维护过程中，如果将接地电池移除，即可减少触电危险（适用于无接地供电电路的设备和远程电池）。
电池安装位置如无法满足电池承重，需安装散力架。

6 UPS巡检维护

6.1 日常巡检

UPS的工作运行环境应保持清洁、无灰尘、无污染、无有害气体。工作环境温度控制在5℃以上，22℃以下，相对湿度在50±10%的范围。
检查UPS电源的供电电源是否正常，发现UPS电源的故障、缺陷应及时排除，使UPS电源处于正常状态。
检查UPS运行中有无异响、有无异味检查UPS风扇是否有异响
检查UPS电压、电流是否正常
检查UPS状态指示是否正确
检查UPS电源的接地线是否良好，空调系统工作是否正常，机房安全消防措施的落实。
检查电池外观是否有漏液鼓包现象，电池端子是否有起碱，电池温度是否正常。

6.2 厂家巡检

因ups属于专业精密设备，每年需安排厂商上门进行深度巡检，特别是蓄电池，需逐个进行电压，内阻的检查，发现异常电池需及时更换同型号电池。

7 UPS后台管理系统

目前ups已配备网络管理卡，联网后可登陆后台查看设置各项参数，异常日志等，界面如下图。为保证电池活性，避免电池极板酸化，建议在管理后台设置UPS电池定期自检，自检周期建议设置3-6个月。

同时为了能及时收到ups报警信息，在用UPS需及时接入物流运维动环平台。

8 UPS常见故障

相序错误：一般是输入端相序错误，更改输入端相序为正确相序即可，常见于发电机发电时相序不对，此时机器会切换至电池供电。
旁路输入异常：一般为市电电压或频率异常，达不到机器设定值，需检查市电电压、频率。此时机器会切换至电池供电。
逆变器故障：此故障为机器故障，需联系厂商维修。
UPS过载：即ups输出负载超出ups最大负载，需检查ups负载情况，长时间过载将导致ups保护关机。
其他故障请根据故障码或报警声查看说明书中具体故障原因。