On June 11, nearly 20 engineers from companies such as Hard Ten, Keysight, Lingming Photonics, GigaDevice, Goodix Technology, and Sino Promise Communications visited Huaqiu Shenzhen PCB factory. Huaqiu Process Manager Yu Ning led the delegation to visit the factory's production line and observe the PCB manufacturing process up close.
Before the official start of the visit, the factory arranged for experts to introduce the detailed process of PCB manufacturing and the characteristic process of Huaqiu PCB.
On-site engineers watched the high-quality multilayer boards produced by Huaqiu closely.
Experienced engineer friends generally know that the birth of PCB needs to go through the above process. In order to actually find out how the PCB board in their hands is produced, immediately after that, everyone walked into the Huaqiu production workshop and officially started today's Tour of the factory - a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of how their products go through layers of processes and are finally delivered to their hands.
In the first step, Yu Ning, the process manager, took everyone to the cutting area. As the core material for making printed circuit boards, copper-clad laminates are responsible for the three functions of conductive, insulating, and supporting printed circuit boards. Its quality determines the performance, quality, processability, manufacturing level, and manufacturing of printed circuit boards. cost and long-term reliability. Everyone saw the Shengyi/Kingboard A-grade panels strictly selected by Huaqiu on the spot-Yu Ning also introduced: Although the cost is dozens of yuan per square meter more expensive than the niche panels, this is Huaqiu's high-reliability multi-layer board. The basic guarantee of the board.
The engineers then visited the factory's production lines such as inner circuit, lamination, laser drilling, mechanical drilling, copper sinking, electroplating, graphics, solder mask, text, flying probe, forming, etc.
In the PCB industry, mechanical drilling has always been the mainstream PCB drilling method. It uses numerical control technology to control the high-speed rotating cutting drill bit and the high-speed and precise relative movement of the PCB board to achieve drilling at different positions on the PCB board.
It can be seen at the scene that Huaqiu is equipped with a 200,000-rpm 6-axis drilling rig, with positioning accuracy within 50 μm and repeatability within 25 μm; it adopts fully digital dynamic simulation analysis design methods, high-precision accessories and scientific and mature manufacturing processes, as well as strict Quality control ensures the high-precision drilling accuracy of the whole machine. The three axes are driven by high-speed linear motors, combined with advanced digital control technology, high-speed spindle with excellent performance, and independent fast drilling function to ensure high drilling efficiency, and the small diameter of 0.2mm can be drilled faster.
In addition, Yu Ning, the process manager, specifically mentioned that in order to meet the needs of customers and product reliability, Huaqiu introduced Mitsubishi CO₂ laser drilling rigs. Because such a small hole as 0.1mm is limited by drilling bits, equipment, materials, etc. when making it, traditional mechanical drilling will be very difficult. Generally speaking, the smallest mechanical drill is 0.15mm, and laser drilling is required for holes below 0.15mm. The advantage of laser drilling is that non-contact processing is stress-free and will not deform the board. At present, Huaqiu laser drilling can achieve a minimum of 0.075mm. Laser drilling is widely used in the manufacture of high-density and high-precision PCB and HDI.
Continuing to walk in, Yu Ning, the process manager, introduced to the engineers: the pre-treatment of copper electroplating in the industry generally uses the copper sinking process and the conductive adhesive process. Compared with the low cost of the conductive adhesive process, Huaqiu insists on using high-cost Copper sinking process to ensure the reliability of PCB.
Due to the low cost of the conductive adhesive process (the potion used in the conductive adhesive process is 10 yuan/square meter lower than that of the immersion copper process), many small PCB board factories adopt the conductive adhesive process and abandon the copper immersion process in order to pursue profits, while Huaqiu insists on using the immersion copper process. Ensure product reliability. In the large-volume PCB factory in Jiujiang, a more advanced and reliable horizontal sinking copper wire is used - a horizontal sinking copper wire for deburring and desmearing to ensure process quality and production efficiency. Compared with the vertical copper wire of the traditional process, the copper sinking speed of the horizontal copper wire is fast, and the palladium concentration is high, which is suitable for the production of high aspect ratio boards. The aspect ratio can reach 12:1, and the inner layer copper and hole copper bonding strength Even better, the deposition rate is fast, and a good chemical copper layer can be deposited for blind holes, so there is no pressure to make HDI boards.
There are also other equipment such as gantry-type hole-filling and electroplating lines, which are equipped with Jiexi's own hole-filling potion. Yu Ning pointed out that: the equipment is reasonably matched and the technology is relatively mature. Huaqiu can make corresponding blind holes according to the industry's general standards to ensure the flatness.
Afterwards, Yu Ning continued to show the engineers the graphics, solder mask, text, flying probe, molding, FQC and other processes. On the spot, he saw that Huaqiu was equipped with an LDI exposure machine. Press the base plate of the film, perform exposure, and use the energy of the laser light source to cure the dry film in the graphic area, which greatly improves the product quality. It directly images the image on the PCB by laser scanning method, and the image is finer and more accurate.
In actual production, Huaqiu uses LDI exposure machine for high-precision exposure. For communication module boards and industrial boards that require high precision, the minimum line width and line spacing can reach 3mil, so as to meet the precision circuit design of PCB boards.
The clean and tidy production line in the factory, energetic employees, modern production equipment, and professional explanations won unanimous praise from the engineers.
While observing the processing technology and equipment, the engineers listened to the introduction of the process manager to explain the key points, and learned that the above processes of Huaqiu adopt the most advanced automatic devices at present, and the production efficiency and production quality are beyond doubt. Not only that, the manufacturing process is also equipped with intelligent and automated equipment, and adopts DFM manufacturability design analysis, unmanned document review and quotation, engineering MI automation, intelligent panel, intelligent production scheduling MES system, etc. to improve the level of flexible production.
It took nearly two hours to visit the entire PCB production process, and the engineers all expressed that they benefited a lot.
In order to further reduce costs and increase efficiency, optimize management, comprehensively enhance the company's market competitiveness, and improve efficiency, Huaqiu will continue to increase investment in the field of intelligent and automated equipment. In the future, Huaqiu will gradually improve the one-stop service for independent proofing, small and medium batches, and large batches, and is committed to becoming a highly reliable multilayer board manufacturer and bringing customers a better cooperation experience.