In order to support the digital transformation and intelligent development of enterprises, the professional standard system of information technology has been briefly sorted out recently, and the classification design analysis is carried out with the help of ChatGPT, and the professional standard system of information technology of international, industry and other companies has been investigated and studied, and finally The thinking and suggestion of the professional standard system framework of information technology have been formed, which are summarized as follows.
1. General Classification of Information Technology Professional Standards
In general, according to different occupational roles and ability requirements, the information technology professional standards are classified as follows:
1. Software development category: including software engineers, web development engineers, etc., who need to master the knowledge and skills of computer science foundation, programming language, system architecture, database management, etc. Relevant standards include "Software Engineer Professional Competency Standards", "Web Front-end Development Engineer Professional Competency Standards", etc.
2. Network and security category: including network administrators, information security engineers, network security analysts, etc., who need to master knowledge and skills such as network architecture, protocols, and information security strategies. Relevant standards include "Network Administrator Professional Competency Standards", "Information Security Engineer Professional Competency Standards" and so on.
3. Data management and analysis: including data analysts, big data engineers, data scientists, etc., who need to master knowledge and skills such as mathematics, statistics, data mining, and machine learning. Relevant standards include "Data Analyst Professional Competency Standards", "Big Data Engineer Professional Competency Standards" and so on.
4. User experience design: including user researcher, interaction designer, visual designer, etc. It is necessary to master the knowledge and skills of user research, interface design, and interaction design. Relevant standards include "User Experience Designer Professional Competency Standards", "Interaction Designer Professional Competency Standards" and so on.
5. Project management: including IT project managers, product managers, demand analysts, etc. It is necessary to master knowledge and skills such as project management methods, communication skills, and demand management. Relevant standards include "IT Project Manager Professional Competency Standards", "Product Manager Professional Competency Standards" and so on.
6. Information technology service and support category: including system administrators, operation and maintenance engineers, network operation and maintenance engineers, etc. Its main responsibility is to monitor, maintain and optimize computer systems and network equipment to ensure their stable operation and efficient performance. In this field, relevant professional competence standards include "Professional Competency Standards for Computer System Administrators", "Professional Competency Standards for IT Basic Operation and Maintenance Engineers", "Professional Competency Standards for Network Operation and Maintenance Engineers", etc. The knowledge and skills required include operating system, database management, network architecture, troubleshooting, automated operation and maintenance, etc.
At present, the ability and standard construction work on the integration of various new information technologies and business is basically included in the information technology service and support category (that is, in the sixth category above), and some enterprises regard it as a separate category and put it in the technical standards The following, as a new technology standard, is as follows:
1). Digital twin category, digital twin is a method of using computer technology to simulate real-world physical systems and business processes to help people better understand and manage complex real-world systems. In this field, relevant professional competence standards include "Digital Twin Engineer Professional Competency Standard", "Digital Twin System Development Engineer Professional Competency Standard", etc. The required knowledge and skills include computer graphics, virtual reality technology, data modeling and simulation, and artificial intelligence. Digital twin technology has a wide range of applications and can be applied to various fields such as manufacturing, transportation, urban planning, and healthcare;
2). Big data category, big data is a technology for processing and analyzing massive and diverse data to help people better understand and manage the complex real world. In this field, relevant professional competence standards include "Big Data Engineer Professional Competency Standards", "Big Data Analyst Professional Competency Standards" and so on. The knowledge and skills required include data mining, machine learning, database management, distributed computing, cloud computing, etc. Big data technology has a wide range of application scenarios and can be applied to various industries such as finance, medical care, e-commerce, and logistics.
3). Artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence is a method and technology that uses computer technology to achieve intelligence to help people better understand and simulate human intelligence. In this field, relevant professional competence standards include "Artificial Intelligence Engineer Professional Competency Standards", "Machine Learning Engineer Professional Competency Standards", etc. The knowledge and skills required include data analysis, model building, algorithm design, deep learning, natural language processing, etc. Artificial intelligence technology has a wide range of application scenarios and can be applied to various fields such as speech recognition, image processing, intelligent customer service, and automatic driving.
It should be noted that different standards are applicable to different occupational roles and ability requirements, and appropriate information technology professional standards should be selected for planning and design according to the company's actual business and information deployment.
There are many professional standards and specifications for information technology, and some of them are listed below. These standards and specifications are all to regulate and improve the professionalism and skill level of relevant practitioners to meet market demand.
1) "Information Technology Service and Support Occupational Ability Standards" 0
2) "Software Engineer Professional Competence Standards"
3) "Computer System Management Professional Ability Standards"
4) "Network Engineer Professional Ability Standards"
5) "Database Administrator Professional Competence Standards"
6) "Big Data Engineer Professional Ability Standards"
7) "Artificial Intelligence Engineer Professional Competency Standards"
8) "Digital twin engineer professional competence standard"
9) "Mobile Internet Development Engineer Professional Ability Standards"
10) "Information Security Engineer Professional Competence Standards"
2. Planning and construction of information technology professional standards for major energy companies
1. PetroChina: Information technology professional standards are mainly divided into data, platform, application, infrastructure, security, operation and management to build a standard system framework. There are 116 current effective enterprise standards.
2. Sinopec: Information technology professional standards are mainly divided into general standards, application standards, data standards, technical standards, and network security standards to build a standard system framework. An information standard system covering 5 second-level categories, 22 third-level categories, 92 fourth-level categories, and 529 standard specifications has been formed. Several of these standard classifications are explained below:
(1) Applied standards. Formulate corresponding business process specifications for the core business of each sector, and form business processing standard templates; customize and develop related application systems based on each business standard template.
(2) Data standards include data index standards and information code standards. The data indicator standard will be continuously improved and enriched at the level of operation management and production management based on 10 major themes to form a complete set of management indicators to support EDW (Enterprise Data Warehouse, enterprise-level data warehouse) and BW applications. With the continuous enrichment of information system construction, 15 categories of information codes have been expanded and improved to support the information application of each sector.
(3) Basic standards. Network, data center and other infrastructure, security, software development, graphics, interface, etc. are the infrastructure and basic work of informatization construction, and uniform standards are needed to provide engineering guarantee. The basic standard part will adopt some advanced standards.
Sinopec is relatively advanced and comprehensive in the design of the information technology professional standard system. The overall structure is shown in the left figure below, and the content classification of the standard system is detailed in the right figure below.
3. Xinjiang Oilfield: Xinjiang Oilfield has relatively complete and unified information technology professional standards. They have unified the information technology professional standard system very early. Standards are the basis for oilfield information sharing. After the construction of Xinjiang oilfield information standards has gone through three stages of expansion, standardization and improvement, and integration, it has now constructed six categories of professional data standards, system application standards, infrastructure standards, information security standards, and management and service standards. A standard system for subcategories. Among them, Xinjiang Oilfield took the lead in formulating 4 industry standards and 6 group company enterprise standards. The establishment of the information standard system has realized the standardized construction and standardized management of Xinjiang Oilfield from information collection and entry, transmission and loading, system development, network construction, information security to information operation and maintenance. See the left picture below for details, and see the right picture below for construction ideas.
3. Framework of professional standards system for information technology in general industry
The information technology professional standard system of the general industry is mainly divided into basic standards, data standards, technical standards, platform tool standards, management standards, security standards, big data governance standards, and industry application standards. See the picture below for details
4. A series of global information technology standards
The ISO/IEC International Organization for Standardization is advancing the development and revision of a series of global information technology standards, including data integration, application integration, technical architecture, operation and maintenance and services, information security and general information project management, application technical specifications , industry new infrastructure construction norms, industry Internet security management norms, data exchange and sharing application management standards, etc.
It can be seen that the global and international industry standards are still relatively generalized, and if they are to be combined with enterprise business, in-depth and specific adjustments and improvements are required.
V. Suggestions on classification of information technology professional standard system
Combining the experience of the above-mentioned international organizations, industries and enterprises in the construction of professional technical standards for information technology, the standard system is generally divided into the basic layer, data layer and application layer. The basic layer mainly includes hardware and software infrastructure, storage facilities, servers, enterprise networks, etc.; the data layer mainly includes data service platform, data management platform, and data collection platform; the application layer mainly includes application integration portal, business application system, and application service platform.
Therefore, learning from the above experience, combined with the characteristics of the company's informatization construction, digital transformation and intelligent development , the suggestions are as follows.
Suggestion 1: General, software development, information technology service and support, information resources, network security, infrastructure, system management, project supervision and management, a total of 8 categories, of which the application integration standards for new business formats are mainly placed in information technology service and support in class.
Suggestion 2: General, infrastructure, network security, software design and development, application technology and interface, system operation and maintenance, technical management and support, information resource architecture and management, naming and coding (it can be placed in the general category), a total of 9 categories. The application integration standards for new formats are mainly placed in application technologies and interfaces, such as artificial intelligence platform interface specifications, digital twin platform integration specifications, and blockchain interface specifications.