Building an efficient IP proxy pool can help us bypass the anti-crawler mechanism when web crawling, and improve crawling efficiency and stability. Without further ado, here are the detailed steps:
- Obtain the list of available proxy IPs: We can use a third-party proxy IP provider or develop a crawler program to obtain the list of proxy IPs. Make sure the obtained IP address is valid and stable.
- Select and configure VPS: Choose several high-quality VPS, such as Huake Yunshang Dynamic VPS or 91VPS to ensure that they have reliable network connection and stable performance. Install and configure the Python environment.
- Create database: On the main VPS, we need to create a database to store proxy IP information. Databases such as MySQL and MongoDB can be used. Create a proxy IP table, which contains fields such as IP address, port number, type, verification status, and delay time.
- Create a proxy IP pool management program: use Python to write a proxy IP pool management program. This program will run on the main VPS and will be responsible for maintaining the availability of the proxy IP pool.
- Verify the validity of the proxy IP: write a verification program, run it on the main VPS, periodically obtain a batch of proxy IPs from the database, and verify the validity of these proxy IPs by visiting some target websites. If a certain proxy IP cannot connect to the target website normally, it will be marked as invalid and deleted from the database.
- Add new proxy IP: Write a crawler program, run it on the main VPS, regularly obtain new proxy IPs from proxy IP providers or other channels, then verify their validity, and add valid proxy IPs to the database.
- Provide API interface: Write a simple API interface, so that other programs can obtain available proxy IP from the proxy IP pool as needed.
- Assign IP proxy: Write a program that can run on other VPS, obtain the proxy IP from the proxy IP pool by calling the API interface, and apply it to the web crawling program.
- Handle exceptions: When encountering exceptions or errors, ensure that the program can automatically restart and recover to ensure that the proxy IP pool is always available.
- Monitoring and maintenance: Set up logging and monitoring mechanisms to monitor the running status of VPS servers and proxy IP pools. Regularly check the proxy IPs in the database, delete invalid IPs, and add new ones.
Through the above steps, we can build an efficient IP proxy pool to support web crawling tasks and improve crawling efficiency and stability.