How does Spring Boot ensure interface security? What common interface security technologies are there?

In today's Internet era, ensuring interface security has become an important issue that every enterprise must face. As a rapid development framework, Spring Boot also needs to ensure the security of its interfaces. This article will introduce in detail how Spring Boot ensures interface security, as well as commonly used interface security technologies.

Introduction to Spring Boot Interface Security

As a rapid development framework, Spring Boot will encounter a lot of interface development work during the development process. In most cases, these interfaces are connected to external systems, so we not only need to consider the realization of functions, but also need to ensure the security of the interfaces. Interface security mainly includes the following aspects:

• Authentication (Authentication): That is, identity verification to confirm whether the user's identity is correct.
• Authorization: That is, permission control, which confirms whether the user has the permission to operate a certain resource.
• Data transmission security: that is, to ensure that data is not stolen, tampered with or forged during transmission.
• Attack prevention: prevent criminals from malicious access or attacks through network attacks.

Next, we will introduce how to implement interface security in each of the above aspects in Spring Boot.

Authentication and Authorization

In Spring Boot, authentication and authorization are usually done using Spring Security. Spring Security is a security framework based on the Spring framework, which provides various security-related functions such as authentication, authorization, and attack defense.

certified

The authentication process in Spring Security typically consists of the following steps:

1. Resources that require authentication for user access to the application.
2. The application sends the authentication request to the Spring Security filter chain.
3. The AuthenticationManager in the filter chain calls the corresponding AuthenticationProvider for authentication.
4. If authentication is successful, AuthenticationProvider returns an Authentication object containing user information and authority information, and AuthenticationManager puts the object into SecurityContext and returns an Authentication object representing authentication.
5. The application obtains the authenticated Authentication object, and performs various business operations according to the user information in it.

Configuring Spring Security in Spring Boot usually requires the completion of the following steps:

1. Introduce the Spring Security dependency in the pom.xml file.
2. Create a security configuration class inherited from WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter, and rewrite the configure() method in it to configure whether authentication is required, login page, login method and other information.
3. Create a UserDetailsService class for getting user information from a database or other source.
4. In the configure() method, inject the UserDetailsService into the AuthenticationManagerBuilder through the userDetailsService() method.
5. Configure the URLs to be protected and the corresponding permissions.

authorized

Authorization in Spring Security mainly includes the following two aspects:

• Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): The mapping relationship between user roles and resource access rights. RBAC can be implemented in Spring Security through annotations such as @PreAuthorize, @PostAuthorize and @Secured.
• Method-Based Access Control (Method-Based Access Control): that is, to restrict the access rights of a method. Method-Based Access Control can be implemented in Spring Security through @PreAuthorize, @PostAuthorize and @Secured annotations.

Configuring Spring Security authorization in Spring Boot usually requires the completion of the following steps:

1. Use the HttpSecurity object in the configure() method to configure the URLs to be secured and the permissions to access them.
2. Create a security configuration class inherited from WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter, and rewrite the configure() method in it to configure whether authentication is required, login page, login method and other information.
3. Use @PreAuthorize, @PostAuthorize and @Secured annotations in business logic to restrict user access to a resource or a method.

Data transmission security

During the interface calling process, data transmission security is also very important. In Spring Boot, the HTTPS protocol can be used to ensure the security of data transmission. The HTTPS protocol needs to use the SSL/TLS protocol to establish an encrypted connection, so as to ensure that data is not stolen, tampered with or forged during transmission.

Enabling the HTTPS protocol in Spring Boot usually requires the completion of the following steps:

1. Generate a certificate (Keystore), which can be generated using the keytool tool in the JDK.
2. Configure SSL-related parameters in the application.properties file, including information such as server port, certificate path, and password.
3. Add @EnableAutoConfiguration and @ComponentScan annotations to the Spring Boot startup class.

prevent attack

In the network environment, criminals can easily use various methods to attack. In order to ensure the security of the Spring Boot interface, we also need to take some measures to prevent attacks. Several common defensive attack techniques are introduced below.

XSS (Cross Site Scripting) Defense

XSS attacks refer to stealing user identity information, tampering with webpage content, or phishing. In Spring Boot, there are several ways to defend against XSS attacks:

• Filter and verify user input to prevent users from maliciously injecting script code.
• Escapes special characters in user input, eg < escapes to <.
• Use Thymeleaf template engine for page rendering, and automatically escape data before output.

CSRF (Cross Site Request Forgery) Defense

A CSRF attack refers to impersonating a user to initiate a request without the user's knowledge, thereby stealing user information or performing malicious operations. In Spring Boot, there are several ways to defend against CSRF attacks:

• Add a hidden field to the form and set a random value for the field. Every time the form is submitted, the server will check whether the random value is correct.
• Add a Token field in the HTTP request header, and the Token needs to be carried every time the request is submitted. The server will check whether the Token is correct.
• Use Spring Security's CsrfFilter filter for CSRF protection on the server side.

SQL Injection Defense

SQL injection attack refers to destroying the database query statement of the application by inputting malicious data, thereby stealing, tampering, and deleting data. In Spring Boot, there are several ways to defend against SQL injection attacks:

• Filter and verify user input to prevent users from maliciously injecting SQL code.
• Use ORM frameworks such as JPA or MyBatis to avoid manually splicing SQL query statements.
• Configure the permissions of the database account to restrict it to only the required operations.

Summarize

This article introduces the concept and implementation of Spring Boot interface security in detail. When developing Spring Boot applications, we need to take a series of measures to ensure the security of the interface. These measures include authentication and authorization, data transmission security, and attack prevention. I hope this article will help you learn and practice Spring Boot interface security.