Since the beginning of the 21st century, my country has faced increasingly severe problems of energy security and environmental ecological protection. Renewable energy has become an important part of the energy development strategy and an important development direction of energy transformation. According to different fields of renewable energy application, power system construction is undergoing structural changes, and renewable energy power generation has begun to become the mainstream of power supply construction. Biomass power generation technology is currently one of the most common and effective methods in the application of biomass energy.
What is biomass?
According to the official explanation of the IEA (International Energy Agency), biomass refers to various organisms capable of photosynthesis. Generally speaking, it refers to all animals, plants and microorganisms on the earth. Due to the calls for the use of clean energy in recent years, biomass, as a new type of clean energy, has entered the stage and has become the fourth largest energy after coal, oil, and natural gas. People from all walks of life have begun to pay more and more attention to biomass. usage.
What is Biomass Power Generation?
Biomass power generation is the power generation using the biomass energy of biomass. It is a kind of renewable energy power generation, including direct combustion power generation of agricultural and forestry waste, gasification power generation of agricultural and forestry waste, waste incineration power generation, landfill gas power generation , Biogas power generation. Biomass power plants mainly use agricultural and forestry waste such as straw, sugarcane leaves, tree leaves, husks, branches, bark, and forestry processing to generate electricity through biomass energy conversion technology. Biomass energy, as a renewable energy, is the fourth largest energy after coal, oil, and natural gas, and occupies an important position in the entire energy system.
Way
combustion power generation
Direct combustion power generation is to directly burn biomass in a boiler to produce steam to drive a steam turbine and generator to generate electricity. The key technologies of biomass direct combustion power generation include biomass raw material pretreatment, boiler anticorrosion, boiler raw material applicability and fuel efficiency, steam turbine efficiency and other technologies.
hybrid power generation
Biomass can also be mixed with coal as fuel to generate electricity, which is called biomass mixed combustion power generation technology. There are two main types of mixed combustion. One is that biomass is directly mixed with coal and put into combustion. This method has high requirements for fuel treatment and combustion equipment, and not all coal-fired power plants can adopt it; the other is that the gas produced by biomass gasification is mixed with coal for combustion. Combustion in this mixed combustion system, the steam generated is sent to the steam turbine generator set together.
Gasification power generation
Biomass gasification power generation technology means that biomass is converted into gas fuel in a gasifier, and after purification, it is directly fed into a gas engine to burn for power generation or directly into a fuel cell for power generation. One of the key technologies of gasification power generation is gas purification. Gasification gas contains certain impurities, including ash, coke and tar, etc., which need to be removed by a purification system to ensure the normal operation of power generation equipment.
Biogas power generation
Biogas power generation is a biogas utilization technology that has emerged with the continuous development of biogas comprehensive utilization technology. Its main principle is to use the biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation of a large amount of organic waste in industry, agriculture or urban life to drive a generator set to generate electricity. The equipment used for biogas power generation is mainly an internal combustion engine, which is generally transformed from a diesel unit or a natural gas unit.
Waste-to-energy
Waste-to-energy includes waste incineration power generation and waste gasification power generation. It can not only solve the problem of waste disposal, but also recycle the energy in waste and save resources. Waste incineration power generation uses the heat released by waste burning in an incineration boiler to convert water The superheated steam is obtained by heating, and the steam turbine is driven to drive the generator to generate electricity. Waste incineration technologies mainly include layered combustion technology, fluidized bed combustion technology, rotary combustion technology, etc. The developed gasification melting incineration technology includes two processes of gasification of garbage at a temperature of 450°~640°C and melting and combustion of carbon-containing ash at a temperature above 1300°C. The garbage treatment is thorough, the process is clean, and some resources can be recovered , is considered to be the most promising waste-to-energy technology.
technology
The smart biomass visual configuration monitoring system is based on the Sovit2D visualization platform. Through the implementation of the fuel management system, equipment operation control and data analysis are integrated, and technologies such as the Internet of Things, informatization, and automatic control are comprehensively used to realize the full life cycle of biomass fuel. Intelligent management and control. The management and control center transmits the data to the relevant management system in a timely, dynamic and accurate manner, and through the all-round monitoring system, there is no dead angle monitoring in the whole process, realizing unattended operation, improving the professional management ability of fuel, the management and control ability of fuel resources, and the fuel value chain value-added ability and the overall profitability of the enterprise.
prospect
In the whole year of 2022, the new installed capacity of biomass power generation will be 3.34 million kilowatts, and the cumulative installed capacity will reach 41.32 million kilowatts. Among them, the new installed capacity of domestic waste incineration power generation is 2.57 million kilowatts, and the cumulative installed capacity reaches 23.86 million kilowatts; the newly installed installed capacity of agricultural and forestry biomass power generation reaches 16.23 million kilowatts; the newly installed capacity of biogas power generation reaches 120,000 kilowatts, and the cumulative installed capacity reaches 1.22 million kilowatts.
With the development trend of global clean energy, biomass power plants have broad development prospects in the future:
Policy preference: Governments of various countries encourage the development of clean energy and will provide policy support for the development of biomass power plants;
Technological innovation: With the continuous advancement of high technology, the efficiency and power generation capacity of biomass power plants will continue to increase;
Market demand: As the demand for clean energy continues to increase, the market prospect of biomass power plants will become increasingly broad.
Summarize
The biomass power generation industry (including agricultural and forestry biomass power generation, waste incineration power generation and biogas power generation, etc.) has developed steadily with the support of national policies, and has played an important role in building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system and promoting the construction of ecological civilization.