Learn to pass homework & exercise sets & homework and tests, fill in the blanks collection
Note: The scope of the exam is chapters 1--9, 11, 14-17; chapters not listed are not tested
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learning through homework
2. Software requirements development is used to determine the part of the system requirements that should be satisfied by the software, map it to software behavior, and generate
Software requirements specification .
3. Traditional demand analysis methods are transferred from the design field to the analysis field.
4. The main purpose of the application software analysis stage is to discover the reasons (purposes) for people to use the software, find out the problems that need to be solved by the software, understand the domain knowledge in the application environment, and ensure the simulation of functions .
5. The fundamental task of demand analysis is to establish an analysis model and create a solution.
6. The baseline is a " snapshot " of each artifact version in the project repository at a specific time . It provides a formal standard on which to base subsequent work and which can only be changed with authorization. The output documents produced by requirements development, after review and approval, these documents define the requirements baseline of the development work , and this baseline constitutes an agreement between the functional requirements and non-functional requirements of the planned product between the customer and the developer.
7. Requirements negotiation activities include both the handling of target conflicts and the handling of requirement detail conflicts.
8. The traditional demand analysis methods are all transferred from the design field to the analysis field.
9. There is a big gap between the information obtained from requirements acquisition and the software system solutions that should be established in requirements development. __Requirements analysis is the requirements engineering activity used to address this gap.
10. All those who have the right to speak and decide on the development and application of software systems are collectively referred to as stakeholders .
11. Requirements engineering is the sum of all requirements processing activities. It collects information, analyzes problems, integrates opinions, records requirements and verifies their correctness, and finally reflects the expected effect formed by the interaction between the software and its environment after it is applied .
12. Excellent requirements should have 7 characteristics, namely completeness, correctness, accuracy, feasibility, necessity, unambiguity and verifiability .
13. Software requirements development is used to determine the part of the system requirements that should be satisfied by software, map it to software behavior, and generate software requirements specifications .
14. In requirements engineering, there are mainly three types of important documents: user requirements , user requirements documents , and requirements specifications.
15. Abstract scenes, also known as type scenes , describe facts by categories and abstract concepts in experience.
16. Each use case is a narrative textual description of a collection of related scenarios, which are sequences of interactive behaviors between the user and the system that help achieve the user's goals.
17. Concrete scenarios, also known as instance scenarios, are detailed descriptions of individual actors, events, and plots.
18. Object Constraint Language (OCL) is a specification language that defines constraints on other model elements in the form of expressions .
19. Sequence diagrams and communication diagrams are completely equivalent to the typical scenarios of use cases from different emphases. A more common practice is to develop system sequence diagrams at the beginning of the analysis phase , rather than directly considering the interaction diagrams between objects.
20. State machine theory holds that the system is always in a certain state. The system is stable in any state, and if there is no external event trigger , the system will continue to maintain this state.
problem set fill in the blank
1. Traditional demand analysis methods are transferred from the design field to the analysis field.
2. The main purpose of the application-oriented software analysis stage is to discover the reasons (purposes) for people to use the software, and to find out
solve the problem, understand the domain knowledge in the application environment, and ensure the simulation of the function .
3. Requirements engineering is the sum of all requirements processing activities, which includes two parts: requirements development and requirements management.
4. Software requirements development is used to determine the part of the system requirements that should be satisfied by software, map it to software behavior, and generate
Software requirements specification .
5. Excellent requirements should have 7 characteristics, namely completeness, correctness, accuracy, feasibility, necessity, and unambiguous
Meaningful and verifiable .
6. All those who have the right to speak and decide on the development and application of the software system are collectively referred to as stakeholders .
7. According to the classification of media carriers, prototypes can be divided into: template prototypes and paper wizard prototypes.
8. Demonstration prototypes are mainly used in the project initiation phase .
9. The demonstration prototype is used to show the system view imagined by the user , so it must be able to express the important features of the user interface.
sign.
10. If the technical solution to a problem is not clear, the demonstration prototype can also be used to show the corresponding detailed functions
To convince the user of the possibility of solving the problem.
11. Generally speaking, if the user's requirements appear to be vague, unclear, incomplete, etc.
Consider using a prototype approach.
12. The role refers to the value of the prototype object in the user's work, that is to say why it is useful to the user.
13. Appearance refers to the user's specific sensory experience of the prototype object, that is, what the user will see and hear when using the prototype object.
what and what to feel.
14. Realization refers to the detailed technology and method of the prototype object to complete the function.
15. Using the evolutionary prototype method, you need to pay attention to the robustness of the prototype and the quality of the code during development .
16. Using experimental development methods, it is necessary to implement multiple technical solutions and examine important system quality attributes .
17. If you choose to use the exploratory development method, you need to consider various design options as much as possible, and compare the results under different options.
user feedback .
18. The biggest advantage of the prototype method is that it can solve the uncertainty in the system development early , thereby reducing the failure of software projects
risks of.
19. There will always be normal processes and abnormal processes in complex work, and the abnormal processes are mostly processed under special circumstances.
The rationale defines the context of exception handling, that is, exception handling has a local situational nature.
20. The main objects of document review include requirements specifications of related products , hard data and customer requirements documents.
21. The processing process of the goal-oriented method can be divided into three stages: goal acquisition, goal analysis (that is, the establishment of the goal model)
established) and goals achieved.
22. The main task of the goal realization stage is to collect the demand information related to the goal, discuss possible candidate solutions, and determine
Determine the final system detailed requirements and solutions.
23. The scene has the characteristics of emphasizing the description of the real world. It uses the scene, the interaction between actors , and the evolution of events over time.
narratively describe the use of the system.
24. Concrete scenarios, also known as instance scenarios , are detailed descriptions of individual actors, events, and plots.
25. Abstract scenes, also known as type scenes , describe facts by categories and abstract concepts in experience.
26. Exploratory scenarios can be used for requirements acquisition and requirements modeling and analysis .
27. Each use case is a narrative textual description of a collection of related scenarios that are interactions between users and the system.
As a sequence, to help achieve the user's purpose.
28. Use case is a kind of scene method, which is a static structured text description.
29. Before the high-level functional requirements are obtained, the functional decomposition method is not allowed in the use case generation method .
30. A single use case describes the functional fragments of the system, and all use cases of the system are organized based on certain relationships to establish use cases
A model can describe the function of the entire system.
31. The relationship between the original use case and the newly established abstract use case is the inclusion relationship.
32. In requirements engineering, there are mainly three types of important documents: project vision and scope documents, user requirements documents, and requirements documents.
Ask for specifications. Use case documents are usually used instead of user requirements documents to record and communicate domain information and user
desired effect.
33. There is a big gap between the information obtained from requirements acquisition and the software system solutions that should be established in requirements development. need
Analysis is the requirements engineering activity used to address this gap.
34. The fundamental task of demand analysis is to establish an analysis model and create a solution.
35. Decomposition Decompose a single complex and incomprehensible problem into multiple relatively easier sub-problems, and master the relationship between each sub-problem
connection between .
36. A model based on software construction units and their relationships is used to illustrate the logical construction and implementation of software
way, since the components it uses and their relationships are elements of software, it is a model from software called
Computational model .
37. Multiple models that establish a semantic connection with each other are usually called views when they are integrated together .
38. Requirement analysis methods mainly include: structured method, information engineering method and object-oriented method. object - oriented approach
It is the mainstream method used in the industry at present.
39. The focus of the early requirements stage analysis is to understand the problem world, so it focuses on the whole problem world and focuses on the system
environment, the business context of the development organization, the characteristics and goals of the stakeholders, etc., the software system is only one element in the overall context .
40. The analysis of the later stage of requirements focuses on the establishment of solution system solutions, so it centers on the software system and focuses on
Analyzing the internal functioning of a system and its interaction with the environment is the analysis of detailed information on the functioning of the system .
41. Requirements consultation includes dealing with both target conflicts and detail conflicts.
42. Micro-specifications are used to describe the processing logic of the underlying processes in the DFD process breakdown structure .
43. All external entities in DFD jointly constitute the external context of the software system, and they are related to the software system
The interaction flow of the software system is the interface between the software system and its external environment. These interfaces jointly define the system of the software system.
border .
44. Data flow refers to the movement of data, which is a form of communication between a system and its environment or between two processes within a system.
45. Each process in the 0-layer diagram of DFD can be decomposed, and the decomposed process is called the parent process, which is generated after decomposition
The DFD graphs that reveal more details are called subgraphs .
46. The 0-layer diagram of DFD is usually used as a functional overview of the whole system .
47. In order to ensure the comprehensibility of the DFD diagram, the 0-layer diagram should be described concisely and clearly, so when describing a complex system
When building a system, there should not be too specific processes and data storage in the 0-layer diagram .
48. The subgraph produced by the process decomposition of the 0-layer graph in DFD is called the 1-layer graph .
49. The model established by data modeling is called a data model, which is a collection of knowledge shared by the problem domain and solution system, and can usually reflect
The core knowledge of enterprise business .
50. The logical entity of ERD is the refinement of the conceptual entity and has a complete feature description .
51. The modeling of behavior and events in data modeling needs to understand their snapshots at certain moments or operating environment information.
information, rather than the functions and effects they embody, so this type of entity is called a process entity .
52. Attributes in ERD are the characteristics that can describe entities, and the existence of a series of attributes can be integrated to describe
An instance of an entity .
53. The restricted range of attribute values in ERD is called Domain .
54. ERD specifies an attribute or a combination of attributes for an entity, which can be used to uniquely determine and identify each instance,
These attributes, or combinations of attributes, are called the entity's identifier, also known as the key .
55. Usually, people select and use a fixed key from multiple candidate keys to identify an instance. The selected key
Candidate keys are called primary keys , and candidate keys that are not selected as primary keys are called alternate keys.
56. A relationship in which only one entity participates exists between different instances of the entity, which is called a unary relationship, also known as a recursive relationship
system .
57. The entities affected by relationships in ERD are mainly weak entities and associated entities .
58. There are four basic elements of use case model: use case, actor, relationship and system boundary .
59. The UML behavior model is the realization of the use case model , which explains the system behavior described by the use case in a more detailed way.
60. The activity diagram of the UML behavior model is the use case realization based on the processing flow .
61. The interaction diagram of a UML behavioral model usually describes a typical scenario of a single use case .
62. The interface requirements specification document is a detailed description of the part of the entire system that needs to be realized in coordination with software and hardware.
63. An excellent requirement specification document should have: correctness, unambiguity, completeness, consistency, according to importance and
Stability classification, verifiable , modifiable, traceable and other features.
64. Common methods for requirements verification include: requirements review, prototype and simulation , test case development, user manual compilation, use and follow-up
tracking relationships and automated analysis.
65. Review, also known as peer review , refers to the method of checking product issues by someone other than the author.
66. The maintenance of requirement baseline mainly includes configuration management and status maintenance .
67. Requirements tracking is based on the software requirements specification document , and describes the requirements and
The ability to track changes in requirements.
68. Backtracking from requirements (one of the two types of forward tracking) to explain the needs and goals of stakeholders from which software requirements come from
mark .
69. Backtracking refers to the evolution process after the requirements are defined to the software requirements specification document.
70. Backward tracing includes two kinds of connections: tracing forward from requirements and tracing back to requirements .
fill-in-the-blank self-test
learning through homework
1. Requirements engineering is the sum of all requirements processing activities, which includes two parts: ____________ and requirements management.
2. Software requirements development is used to determine the part of the system requirements that should be satisfied by the software, map it to software behavior, and generate
____________ 。
3. Traditional demand analysis methods are transferred from ____________ to the analysis field.
4. The main purpose of the application software analysis stage is to discover the reasons (purposes) for people to use the software, find out the problems that need to be solved by the software, understand the domain knowledge in the application environment, and ensure the simulation of functions .
5. The fundamental task of needs analysis is to: ____________ _ and create solutions.
6. The baseline is a " snapshot " of each artifact version in the project repository at a specific time . It provides a formal standard on which to base subsequent work and which can only be changed with authorization. The output documents produced by requirements development, after review and approval, these documents define the ____________ of the development work , and this baseline establishes an agreement between the functional requirements and non-functional requirements of the planned product between the customer and the developer.
7. Demand consultation activities include both the handling of target conflicts and the handling of ____________ conflicts.
8. Traditional demand analysis methods are transferred from ____________ _ to the field of analysis.
9. There is a big gap between the information obtained from requirements acquisition and the software system solutions that should be established in requirements development. ______________ is the requirements engineering activity used to address this gap.
10. All those who have the right to speak and decide on the development and application of the software system are collectively referred to as ____________ .
11. Requirements engineering is the sum of all requirements processing activities. It collects information, analyzes problems, integrates views, records requirements and verifies their correctness, and finally reflects the ____________ formed by the interaction between the software and its environment after it is applied .
12. Excellent requirements should have 7 characteristics, namely completeness, correctness, precision, feasibility, necessity, unambiguity and ____________ .
13. Software requirements development is used to determine the part of the system requirements that should be satisfied by the software, map it to software behavior, and generate ____________ .
14. In requirements engineering, there are mainly three types of important documents: ____________ , ____________ and requirements specifications.
15. Abstract scenes, also known as ____________ , describe facts by categories and abstract concepts in experience.
16. Each ____________ is a narrative textual description of a collection of related scenarios, which are sequences of interactions between the user and the system that help achieve the user's goals.
17. A specific scene, also known as ____________ , is a detailed description of individual actors, events, and plots.
18. Object Constraint Language (OCL) is a specification language that defines constraints on other model elements in the form of ____________ .
19. Sequence diagrams and communication diagrams are completely equivalent to the typical scenarios of use cases from different emphases. A more common practice is to develop ____________ at the beginning of the analysis phase , rather than directly considering the interaction diagram between objects.
20. State machine theory holds that the system is always in a certain state. The system is stable in any state, and if there is no ____________ , the system will continue to maintain this state.
problem set fill in the blank
1. Traditional demand analysis methods are transferred from ____________ to the field of analysis.
2. The main purpose of the application-oriented software analysis stage is to discover the reasons (purposes) for people to use the software, and to find out
Solve the problem, understand the domain knowledge in the application environment, and ensure the ____________ of the function .
3. Requirements engineering is the sum of all requirements processing activities, which includes two parts: ____________ and requirements management.
4. Software requirements development is used to determine the part of the system requirements that should be satisfied by software, map it to software behavior, and generate
____________。
5. Excellent requirements should have 7 characteristics, namely completeness, correctness, accuracy, feasibility, necessity, and unambiguous
Righteousness and ____________ .
6. All those who have the right to speak and decide on the development and application of the software system are collectively referred to as ____________ .
7. According to the classification of media carriers, prototypes can be divided into: ____________ and paper wizard prototypes.
8. Demonstration prototypes are mainly used in ____________ .
9. The demo prototype is used to show the ____________ in the user's imagination , so it should be able to express the important features of the user interface.
sign.
10. If the technical solution to a problem is not clear, ____________ can also be used to show the corresponding detailed function
To convince the user of the possibility of solving the problem.
11. Generally speaking, if the user's requirements appear to be vague, unclear, incomplete, etc.
Consider using the ____________ method.
12. ____________ refers to the value of the prototype object in the user's work, that is to say why it is useful to the user.
13. ____________ refers to the specific sensory experience of the user on the prototype object, that is, what the user will see and hear when using the prototype object.
what and what to feel.
14. ____________ refers to the ____________ and method of the prototype object to complete the function.
15. Using the evolutionary prototype method, you need to pay attention to the ____________ of the prototype and the quality of the code during development .
16. Using the experimental development method, it is necessary to implement a variety of technical solutions and examine the ____________ of important systems .
17. If you choose to use the exploratory development method, you need to consider various design options as much as possible, and compare the results under different options.
____________。
18. The biggest advantage of the prototype method is that it can solve the ____________ in system development early , thereby reducing the failure of software projects
risks of.
19. There will always be normal processes and abnormal processes in complex work, and the abnormal processes are mostly processed under special circumstances.
The reason defines the context of exception handling, that is, exception handling has the situational nature of ____________ .
20. The main objects of document review include ____________ of related products , hard data and customer demand documents.
21. The process of goal-oriented method can be divided into three stages: goal acquisition, ____________ and goal realization.
22. The main task of the goal realization stage is to collect the demand information related to the goal, discuss possible candidate solutions, and determine
Determine the final system ____________ and solution.
23. The scene has the characteristics of emphasizing the description of the real world. It uses the situation, ____________ , and the evolution of events over time
narratively describe the use of the system.
24. A specific scene, also known as ____________ , is a detailed description of individual actors, events, and plots.
25. Abstract scenes, also known as ____________ , describe facts in terms of categories and abstract concepts in experience.
26. Exploratory scenarios can be used for requirements elicitation and ____________ .
27. Each ____________ is a narrative textual description of a collection of related scenarios that are interactions between the user and the system.
As a sequence, to help achieve the user's purpose.
28. A use case is a kind of scenario method, which is a structured text description of ____________ .
29. Before the high-level functional requirements are obtained, the ____________ method is not allowed in the generation method of use cases.
30. A single use case describes the functional fragments of the system, and all use cases of the system are organized based on a certain relationship, and the function of the entire system can be described by establishing ____________ .
31. The relationship between the original use case and the newly established ____________ is the inclusion relationship.
32. In requirements engineering, there are mainly three types of important documents: project vision and scope documents, user requirements documents, and requirements documents.
Ask for specifications. ____________ is usually used instead of user requirements documents to record and communicate domain information and users
desired effect.
33. There is a big gap between the information obtained from requirements acquisition and the software system solutions that should be established in requirements development. ____________ is the requirements engineering activity used to address this gap.
34. The fundamental task of needs analysis is to: ____________ and create solutions.
35. Decomposition Decompose a single complex and incomprehensible problem into multiple relatively easier sub-problems, and master the relationship between each sub-problem
The ____________ between .
36. A model based on software construction units and their relationships is used to illustrate the logical construction and implementation of software
way, since the components it uses and their relationships are elements of software, it is a model from software called
____________。
37. Multiple models that establish a semantic relationship with each other are usually called ____________ when integrated together .
38. Requirement analysis methods mainly include: structured method, information engineering method and object-oriented method. of which ____________
It is the mainstream method used in the industry at present.
39. The focus of the early requirements stage analysis is to understand the problem world, so it focuses on the whole problem world and focuses on the system
environment, the business context of the development organization, the characteristics and goals of the stakeholders, etc., the software system is just one ____________ in the context .
40. The analysis of the later stage of requirements focuses on the establishment of solution system solutions, so it centers on the software system and focuses on
Analyzing the internal functioning of a system and its interaction with the environment is the analysis of detailed information about ____________ .
41. Demand consultation activities include both the handling of target conflicts and the handling of ____________ conflicts.
42. The micro-specification is used to describe the ____________ of the underlying process in the DFD process breakdown structure .
43. All external entities in DFD jointly constitute the external context of the software system, and they are related to the software system
The interaction flow of the software system is the interface between the software system and its external environment, and these interfaces jointly define the ____________ of the software system .
44. Data flow refers to the movement of data, which is a form of communication between a system and its environment or between ____________ within a system.
45. Each process in the 0-layer diagram of DFD can be decomposed, and the decomposed process is called the parent process, which is generated after decomposition
A DFD plot that reveals more details is called ____________ .
46. The 0-layer diagram of DFD is usually used as the ____________ of the whole system .
47. In order to ensure the comprehensibility of the DFD diagram, the 0-layer diagram should be described concisely and clearly, so when describing a complex system
In the system, too specific process and ____________ should not appear in the 0-level diagram .
48. The subgraph generated by the process decomposition of the 0-layer graph in DFD is called ____________ .
49. The model established by data modeling is called a data model, which is a collection of knowledge shared by the problem domain and solution system, and can usually reflect
The core knowledge of ____________ .
50. The logical entity of ERD is the refinement of the conceptual entity and has a complete ____________ .
51. The modeling of behavior and events in data modeling needs to understand their snapshots at certain moments or operating environment information.
Information, rather than the functions and effects they embody, so this type of entity is called ____________ .
52. Attributes in ERD are the characteristics that can describe entities, and the existence of a series of attributes can be integrated to describe
An entity's ____________ .
53. The restricted range of attribute values in ERD is called ____________ .
54. ERD specifies an attribute or a combination of attributes for an entity, which can be used to uniquely determine and identify each instance,
These attributes, or combinations of attributes, are called the entity's identifier, also known as ____________ .
55. Usually, people select and use a fixed key from multiple candidate keys to identify an instance. The selected key
A candidate key is called ____________ , and a candidate key that is not selected as a primary key is called an alternate key.
56. A relationship in which only one entity participates exists between different instances of the entity, which is called a one-way relationship, also known as ____________ .
57. The entities affected by relationships in ERD are mainly weak entities and ____________ .
58. There are four basic elements of a use case model: use case, actor, relationship and ____________ .
59. The UML behavior model is the ____________ of the use case model , which explains the system behavior described by the use case in a more detailed way.
60. The activity diagram of the UML behavioral model is based on the use case realization of ____________ .
61. The interaction diagram of a UML behavioral model usually describes the ____________ of a single use case .
62. The interface requirements specification document is a detailed description of the ____________ parts of the software and hardware in the entire system .
63. An excellent requirement specification document should have: correctness, unambiguity, completeness, consistency, according to importance and
Stability classification, ____________ , modifiable, traceable and other features.
64. Common methods for requirements verification include: requirements review, ____________ , test case development, user manual compilation, use and follow-up
tracking relationships and automated analysis.
65. Review, also known as ____________ , refers to the method of checking product problems by someone other than the author.
66. The maintenance of requirements baseline mainly includes configuration management and ____________ .
67. Requirements tracking is based on ____________ , in the forward and backward directions, describing the requirements and
The ability to track changes in requirements.
68. Backtracking from requirements (one of the two linkages of forward tracking) shows which stakeholders' needs and ____________ software requirements come from .
69. Backtracking refers to the evolution process from ____________ to the software requirements specification document.
70. Backward tracking includes two kinds of connections: forward tracking from requirements and ____________ .