The gap between production and sales of water supply has always been a bottleneck restricting the development of water supply enterprises. How to reduce the gap between production and sales has become a topic of common discussion among water supply companies. As a grassroots manager, the author has thought about the causes and solutions of the poor water supply and sales during work. The following is some experience in this regard based on the actual situation.
1. The gap between production and sales of water supply is widespread
The difference between production and sales of water supply is the difference between the total amount of tap water provided by water supply enterprises to the urban water transmission and distribution system and the full amount of water consumed by all users. The water supply volume is only counted by the flowmeter data of a few water plants, and the water sales volume is the accumulated data of tens of thousands of water meters. These water meters are transcribed by meter readers in turn. Because there are many factors between the water supply of the water plant and the water used by users, such as running, running, leaking, dripping, unmetered water such as fire protection, greening, water theft, and inaccurate metering, the difference between water supply and sales in the same period Statistics are impossible to match, so the supply-sales ratio is usually calculated on a monthly or annual basis.
2. Reasons for the large gap between water supply and sales
1. Measurement errors exist objectively
The data of water supply mainly comes from the factory water flow meter, and the accuracy of its measurement is directly related to the calculation of the ratio of production and sales. At present, the water flowmeters manufactured by our company are all electromagnetic flowmeters. Before each flowmeter leaves the factory, the manufacturer generally adopts the standard volumetric method, weighing method or standard method, etc. flow calibration. In order to correct the measurement error caused by uncertain factors in the flowmeter used online, it must be tested according to the specified requirements. There are two general detection methods: one is the volumetric method of the clear water tank, but the water needs to be stopped. In addition, the error of the size of the clear water tank will also affect the measurement accuracy; the second is to use a portable ultrasonic flowmeter to check the fixed flowmeter. Accuracy, which is also the detection method adopted by many water supply enterprises in China at present, its accuracy is lower than that of electromagnetic flowmeter (accuracy is 1% to 1.5%), it cannot be used as a calibration device, and can only be compared with parameters for accuracy, and online There are many uncertain factors in the comparison test of electromagnetic flowmeters, such as: pipe outer diameter, pipe wall thickness, pipe lining material and lining thickness, uniformity of lining painting, degree of fouling in the pipe, installation length of straight pipes before and after the meter, etc. All affect the test accuracy. The water meter is a detection instrument for water sales. It strictly accepts the supervision and management of the legal measurement and inspection unit. The inspection certificate should be obtained before the installation of the water meter. There are also some specific problems in the management work, which affect the accuracy of water sales detection. For example, some enterprises set up water meters according to the design scale. Later, when the enterprise was replaced, the scale was expanded or reduced, the diameter of the water meter was not adjusted in time. Load operation, the water meter is easy to wear parts, the measurement is slow, and even the water is estimated without measurement.
2. Water theft is extremely rampant
For a long time, due to some special historical reasons and internal problems of the water supply workers, users have randomly connected the water supply pipes, installed the water meter upside down, used water without a meter, or the water user intentionally damaged the head diameter of the water meter, and blocked foreign objects in the filter screen and impeller, etc. Conduct that results in large amounts of unmetered or inaccurately metered water. Since water supply companies do not have the power to punish, they are often abused and violently obstructed by water thieves in the process of investigating and punishing illegal water theft, and even attract some people who don’t know the situation to besiege them. Protect the rights and interests of water supply companies, regulate the water market, and investigate and deal with illegal water use. brought great resistance.
3. Pipe network leakage still exists
The following factors lead to the open flow and hidden leakage of pipelines: ①The pipeline networks in different periods have coexisted since the establishment. The pipeline and its appendages are damaged, and the corrosion and aging inside the pipeline are serious. ② Part of the pipeline construction did not implement the foundation backfilling for pipeline installation as required, the pipeline support piers and valve wells were improperly built, and the valve sealing surface was damaged. ③There are some problems in anti-seepage and anti-explosion performance of gray cast pipes, self-stressed cement pipes and PVC pipes used before. ④ Interference from other projects: such as the impact of the expansion of the road in the buried pipe area; the drainage pipes and other pipes constructed in parallel in the later period did not take corresponding protection measures, which disturbed the foundation of the water pipes; the impact of leakage from other pipes and canals, etc.
4. The water supply facilities are opened at will
Municipal water, green water and sanitation water have not been equipped with special water hydrants and metered before, and the water used for municipal road construction, greening and road flushing is directly taken from public fire hydrants by relevant departments and the use is not standardized, which is in disorderly management state. According to statistics, public welfare water such as municipal, garden and greening accounts for more than 3% of the total output of our water supply enterprises, and this part of tap water has not been metered and charged. At the same time, phenomena such as opening the sewage valve to release water for drought relief and irrigation for fish farming occur from time to time, resulting in a large amount of water loss and serious losses to water supply enterprises.
5. Estimated copies happen from time to time
Of course, the inability to read the meter due to the poor environment of the water meter and the failure of the water meter itself to measure accurately are two objective factors. However, subjectively speaking, some meter readers lack the spirit of "ownership" of the enterprise, and are indifferent to water theft and abnormal metering. Careful analysis, for example, the amount of water used by schools during the holiday period should be much lower than the amount used during the semester, the water consumption of breweries should continue to rise due to seasonal influences from April to July, and the water consumption of newly built communities should increase with the increase in the number of people moving in, etc. wait. Of course, there are still some marketing personnel who neglect their duties, perfunctory dereliction of duty, and even the phenomenon of using water for personal gain has also caused a large amount of tap water loss.
3. Relevant measures and suggestions for controlling the difference between production and sales
1. Strengthen the management of the water supply network
① Adhere to the idea of overall system planning to guide the design of pipe network planning, optimize the nodes of main pipes and water distribution supervisors, combine the community and area with the overall plan, and combine the user system with area planning. In principle, each community shall not exceed two contacts. Consider installing a master meter or a flow meter at the user entrance, reserve a gate at the stairway, and reserve pressure and flow measurement points (sections). Strictly define the property rights between the company and the user system, and eliminate the impact of the secondary water supply system on the pipe network; rationally select and optimize the pipe network materials and various facilities. ②The establishment of the water meter environment should start from the source, and be designed and constructed strictly according to the specifications. The distance between the facilities in front of the meter and the water meter should be greater than 10 times the pipe diameter, and the distance between the facilities behind the meter and the water meter should be greater than 5 times the pipe diameter to reduce measurement errors; It is best not to be in the same water meter well or water meter box. The outer gate of the meter should be moved outward, and the gate well should be built separately and locked. ③Pipeline network management department strictly manages the middle process of pipeline construction and the work of completion acceptance. First of all, check the approval of the start-of-construction report. After the branch company signs the start-of-construction report, it will promptly notify the relevant personnel on site, so as to prevent the construction unit from starting ahead of time without signing the start-of-construction report; then, track and supervise the underground concealed project in time during the construction process; Finally, further strengthen the implementation of pipeline foundation backfilling, flushing, disinfection, and pressure testing. Pipelines and facilities with incomplete construction surveys and drawings, leaks, leaks, leaks, and water supply will not be accepted. ④In order to improve the timely repair rate of water supply, the management rules of the branch company should refine the timely index of emergency repair and the timeliness index of repair, and include them in the salary system assessment and maintenance cost assessment. ⑤ The maintenance department shall establish and improve the pipe network information, especially the relevant information about the gates, and establish detailed files to facilitate maintenance without water supply.
2. Strengthen the management of marketing work
① The marketing department should really establish and improve the corresponding rules and regulations and implement them. On the one hand, never forget to do a good job in educating the workforce and tightening our own fences; on the other hand, severely criticize the meter readers who cause water loss due to subjective reasons. And economic penalties, very few internal employees who use water for personal gain and trade with water volume should be severely punished from a legal point of view, and our marketing team should be truly cleaned up. Without a good team, good marketing performance is out of the question. Taking the Chengnan branch as an example, the specific measures are: through the divisional management of the area under its jurisdiction, the responsibility is assigned to everyone, and individuals are responsible for all the work in their own divisions, including the actual water consumption status of the division, the water consumption of users Changes in scale, investigation and punishment of black and leaked households, and handling of water disputes with users, etc., so as to promote copying personnel to improve work quality; Conduct business knowledge training, such as inviting senior comrades to give special lectures on water supply regulations, measurement laws, fire protection laws and other relevant laws and regulations and marketing business knowledge, and the departments of pipe network design, construction, and management can conduct regular business exchanges, Exchange experience, and even organize learning from water supply companies that have done a good job in controlling the water supply gap between production and sales. ③Strengthen supervision and review, establish a accountability system, and keep the work of water supply management personnel within a controllable range, so as to achieve our goal of standardizing marketing behavior and reducing the gap between production and sales.
3. Strengthen the management of users and water meters
① Combined with the informatization construction of the marketing system, standardize the system construction, make the data real and real-time, and provide basic data for production analysis. ② Strictly check the user's window application. First, judge whether the caliber of the user's application for meter installation is reasonable based on the estimation of the user's water consumption, try to avoid the phenomenon of "big horse-drawn carts", and ensure that the caliber of the water meter matches the water consumption; Personnel should be sent to the site to check whether there is any case of starting construction without installing meters at the construction site; third, be cautious when approving the application for household meter renovation in a large area, because it is necessary to consider whether the natural pressure can meet the requirements, and also consider The impact of the internal leakage problem of the community on the poor production and sales. ③Strengthen the normative work of newly installed water meters, improve and control the installation quality of water meters to ensure the convenience of meter reading, forced inspection and maintenance in the future, and timely notify and supervise the rectification of users whose water meter environment does not meet the requirements handed over to users for management. ④Analyze and verify the water consumption of the user's water meter, location of water use, nature of water use and whether there is any phenomenon of illegal water use, and establish detailed files. ⑤ For urgent replacement of broken meters, dead meters, and overage meters, the weekly inspection and replacement should be carried out on the basis of monitoring and evaluating the operating status of the water meters, and the procedures for replacing the water meters should be strictly enforced to prevent individuals from taking advantage of the replacement of the water meter. The reputation is damaged by the public and the private. ⑥Pay attention to the quality and accuracy of meter reading, resolutely put an end to estimated copying, missed copying, and wrong copying, and report and solve any abnormalities in time.
4. Strengthen measurement management
①Pay attention to the process conditions when the flowmeter is installed is the premise of accurate flow measurement. The straight pipe section before and after the meter should be as long as possible. If conditions permit, a stainless steel straight pipe section can be installed in front of the meter, which can greatly reduce many uncertainties of the ultrasonic flowmeter of the detector. Factors to ensure the accuracy of measurement; flowmeter use management is the key to using the instrument well. In long-term use, the flowmeter detection parts will be corroded, worn, fouled, clogged, and the accuracy will be reduced, or even malfunction. Necessary arrangements should be made. Full-time personnel maintain and manage the instrument. They should regularly clean the electrodes of the electromagnetic flowmeter, establish periodic verification or online testing, and the standard must also be sent to the national authority for verification to ensure the accuracy, fairness and rationality of the online electromagnetic flowmeter. ②For the current 39 electromagnetic flowmeters in the pipe network area in the Hedong area, wireless remote transmission and regular manual meter reading are used for comparison. The readings are consistent. ③ For users who are easy to move through observation, dial the meter, or have a large discrepancy between the actual water volume and the water meter reading through statistical analysis, remote water meters or ultrasonic water meters should be installed gradually. Because the data of the remote water meter is transmitted by wireless timing, once the situation of moving or dialing the meter occurs, the marketing personnel can find it through the computer display and rush to the scene in the first time, so as to achieve targeted and well-documented tracking water purpose. Since June this year, Chengnan Branch has installed 27 remote water meters and ultrasonic water meters in Dongjing Commercial City, Electromechanical Market and Provincial Construction Sixth Company. According to the use situation for a period of time, although the one-time investment cost of ultrasonic water meters is relatively large, the effect is obvious. For example, the two water meters of Provincial Construction Sixth Company can increase the reading of more than 10,000 tons in January, and the water meters of users who have already installed ultrasonic water meters display The water volume has increased to varying degrees. For example, Dongjing Trade City can increase the water volume reading by more than 20,000 tons per month. From the perspective of usage, remote water meters and ultrasonic water meters are effective tools to ensure that water is measured in real terms by means of technology. It is recommended that users who have doubts about the water volume of the four branches and users with large water consumption gradually install ultrasonic water meters in a planned way. water meter.
5. Strengthen the management of fire hydrants
①First of all, we should call on the government to strengthen the awareness of fire hydrant management. In the design of roads, we should consider the establishment of fixed-point water intake hydrants and install meters for measurement, starting from the source. ② Communicate with the fire brigade and win their support. At present, the Chengnan branch has reached a consensus with the fire brigade, and the fire brigade sent four firefighters and water supply management personnel to deal with illegal acts of opening and damaging fire hydrants without authorization. ③ It is necessary to intensify the inspection. The inspectors should carry out full-time inspections of fire hydrants by time, line, and area, and strictly investigate the behavior of taking water from fire hydrants arbitrarily. ④Strengthen the communication and contact with the environmental sanitation and greening departments. For the unmeasured water consumption in this year, adopt the method of referring to the quotas of other cities and relevant countries, follow the water consumption according to the square area and the time of water consumption, and set up the water consumption on the reasonable position of the road as soon as possible. Tap the water cock and install a meter for measurement. ⑤ Use technical means to lock the fire hydrant to avoid any opening of the fire hydrant.
6. Strengthen the fight against water theft
① Firstly, the external water supply environment must be straightened out. We believe that this is an extremely important task for the company to reduce the difference between production and sales of water supply in the future. Changsha Municipal Public Utilities Administration and Changsha Public Security Bureau jointly issued the "Notice on Cracking Down on Illegal and Criminal Misappropriation of Urban Public Water Supply", which played a positive role in regulating the order of Changsha's urban water supply market, protecting state-owned assets from loss, and promoting sustainable social stability. impetus. At the same time, raise the crackdown on water theft to the point of view of law and the attention of the whole society. ②Track and verify the water consumption of those users who have serious doubts about their water consumption. If it is found that the unscrupulous households are using dynamic meters, inverted water meters or even no meters, they must provide evidence on the spot and stop them in time and follow up. ③Put seals on the key places of newly installed meters and replaced meters; take locking measures for the manhole covers of sewage gates and reserved ladders in remote areas; if there is selfless and automatic use of bypass fire pipelines in the jurisdiction, whether the lead seals are intact, there are Detailed verification of no violations will be carried out, and any violations will be resolutely investigated and dealt with. Reducing the difference between production and sales of water supply involves various aspects such as water plant production, metering and calibration, water supply dispatching, pipe network design and installation, pipe network management and maintenance, water meter management, copying quality, water supply law enforcement, etc. This is a systematic project. It is also a long and arduous task. How to achieve it requires every employee of the company to care about the company and consciously take care of every step. At the same time, it also needs the understanding and support of the whole society. Only in this way can the difference between production and sales of water supply be controlled within a reasonable range, and our enterprise can develop sustainably and healthily.