Deploy MySQL database based on docker container

MySQL is a relational database management system developed by MySQL AB in Sweden and currently belongs to Oracle Corporation. MySQL is a relational database management system. A relational database keeps data in different tables instead of putting all the data in one big warehouse, which increases speed and improves flexibility.

MySQL is open source and is currently a product of Oracle.
MySQL supports large databases. Can handle large databases with tens of millions of records.
MySQL uses the standard SQL data language form.
MySQL can run on multiple systems and supports multiple languages. These programming languages include C, C++, Python, Java, Perl, PHP, Eiffel, Ruby, and Tcl, among others.
MySQL has good support for PHP, and PHP is very suitable for web program development.
MySQL supports large databases and data warehouses with 50 million records. The 32-bit system table file can support a maximum of 4GB, and the 64-bit system supports a maximum table file of 8TB.
\MySQL can be customized, using the GPL agreement, you can modify the source code to develop your own MySQL system.

Second, environmental preparation

2.1, docker deployment

# Prerequisites for installing docker:

1). It must be a computer with 64-bit CPU architecture. Docker currently does not support 32-bit CPUs;

2) .Run Linux3.8 or higher version kernel, the kernel must not be less than 3.10 for CentOS;

3). The kernel must support a suitable storage driver, which can be one of Device Manager, AUFS, vfs, btrfs, and the default driver Device Mapper;

4). The kernel must support and enable the cgroup and namespace namespace functions.

# Use the following command to view the kernel version of centos

uname –r

2.1.1 yum deployment docker

#Note: This is the first installation, if you have installed it before, you must uninstall the old version of the package first!!!

Update the yum package to ensure the latest

yum update

# Uninstall the old version of docker, the new machine can be ignored

sudo yum remove docker \

                docker-common \

               docker-selinux \

                docker-engine

# Install required dependencies

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

# Set yum docker source

//official image

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

//Ali image

yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

# Install DockerCE

sudo yum install docker-ce

2.1.2 Script installation

Script installation (mostly used in test and development environments)

$ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh

$ sudo sh get-docker.sh

2.2 Configure mirror accelerator

# Take Alibaba Cloud Mirror Accelerator as an example

Note: Each Alibaba Cloud account holds a different mirror accelerator

For users whose Docker client version is greater than 1.10.0

You can use the accelerator by modifying the daemon configuration file /etc/docker/daemon.json

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'

{

"registry-mirrors": ["https://**20l7s9.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]

}

EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

Three, use docker to deploy mysql

3.1. Create a data storage directory

Note: This is the database data storage directory to ensure that the next reinstallation data will not be lost

mkdir -p /data/mysql/data

chmod 777 /data/mysql/data

cd /data/mysql/data

3.2. Create a bridge network and specify an IP range

Note: Multi-container IP access is required

# create a custom network

docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 172.0.0.0/16 ****

#View existing networks

docker network ls

3.3. Docker installs MySQL

Port: 3306, initial password: 123456

Data storage directory: /dat/mysql/data

#Create mysql container

Here we take virtual machine deployment and installation as an example, omitting the specified network, IP

sudo docker run -d -p 3306:3306 \

--name mysql --privileged=true \

-v /data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \

-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \

mysql

Note: If the field --privileged=true is not added, a permission error may be reported, and the error message is shown in the following figure:

3.4, custom configuration

3.4.1. Create a configuration storage mapping directory

mkdir -p /data/mysql/data /data/mysql/logs /data/mysql/conf

chmod -R 755 /data/mysql/

3.4.2. Copy the configuration file in the MySQL container to this path

docker cp mysql:/etc/mysql/my.cnf /data/mysql/conf

3.4.3. Delete the MySQL container

docker rm -f mysql

3.4.4, recreate the MySQL container

#Recreate the MySQL container to map data, logs, and configuration files to the machine

docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql8 --restart always \

-v /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf \

-v /data/mysql/logs:/logs \

-v /data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \

-v --privileged=true \

-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:8.0.31

3.4.5. Edit configuration file

vim /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf

# Maximum number of connections

max_connections=10000

# Set default timezone

default-time_zone='+8:00'

#Restart the MySQL container

docker restart mysql

Four, MySQL simple configuration

4.1. Open a terminal in interactive mode in the container mysql

Enter the docker container

docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash

4.2, mysql login

mysql -u root –p

4.3. Give remote users all permissions on all tables

GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';

# Change encryption rules

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;

# remote access

ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'；

# Refresh permissions

flush privileges;

# quit

exit

4.4, Verify that Navicat connects to MySQL remotely

Five, the export backup of the database

5.1, database backup

# enter the container

docker exec -it 【Page ID】 /bin/bash

docker exec -it [container ID] bash

# Database export (operate after docker enters the container)

# commonly used

# Export the entire database (including the data in the database)

mysqldump -u username -p database>database.sql

# Export the database structure (without data)

mysqldump -u username -p -d database > database.sql

# Export a data table (containing data) in the database

mysqldump -u username -p database tables > table.sql

Export to the specified file path

View the container mapping volume, which is where the folder is mounted (the /var/lib/mysql path in the container will be mounted under a certain directory of linux, check it with the following command)

docker inspect name/id | grep Mounts -A 20

# Export to the specified path as

mysqldump -R -uroot -p database > /var/lib/mysql/database_bak.sql

# /var/lib/mysql/ is the path in the container. After executing the above command, check whether there is a database _bak.sql generated under the path

# Correspondingly, the database _bak.sql is also generated under the mount path of the Linux local system

# Exit the container after the backup is complete

5.2, database restoration

Import the database (operate after docker enters the container)

mysql -uroot -p

use 【database name】;

source 【sql file】# The storage path of the source database here is the path where MySQL is mounted locally in the Linux system

Example: source /data/MySQL/data/database.sql

# import data into database

mysql -uroot -D database name

# Import data into a table in the database

mysql -uroot -D database name table name

Six, MySQL commonly used simple commands

# delete the mysql command

docker rm mysql

# Forcibly delete the mysql container

docker rm -f mysql

# delete mysql mirror

docker rmi mysql

# View the docker image

docker images

# View running containers

docker ps

# see all containers

docker ps -a

# delete container

docker rm container ID or container name

# Export the entire database (including the data in the database)

mysqldump -u username -p database>database.sql

# Export the database structure (without data)

mysqldump -u username -p -d database > database.sql

# Export a data table (containing data) in the database

mysqldump -u username -p database tables > table.sql

# Export the table structure of a data table in the database (without data)

mysqldump -u username -p -d database table > table.sql

# Data recovery

mysql -uroot -p [database name] < [sql file]

# File copy in docker (file copy in docker container to local file)

docker cp [container ID]: [container directory] [target directory]

# Transfer the file into docker to specify the path

# Execute the following command to upload the file to the specified location of the image in the container

docker cp /local path/file name container ID or name:/upload path

# Transfer files from docker to physical machine

Similarly, if we need to transfer the files in docker to the physical machine, we only need to reverse the direction of the previous cp command

docker cp container ID:/upload path/path/filename

Deploy MySQL database based on docker container

2.2 Configure mirror accelerator

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