cat: Merge files or view file content (merge up and down)
01. No parameter: view the content of the file cat file.txt
02. No parameters: merge multiple files cat file1.txt file2.txt >newfile.txt
03. No parameter: append content to the end of the file cat >>file.txt<<EOF
04. No parameter: clear the content of the file cat /dev/null>file.txt
05. -n: start from 1 to display the line number of the output content cat -n file.txt
06. -b: Ignore the blank and display the line number cat -b file.txt
07. -A: Equivalent to vET, display the identifier cat -A file.txt
08, ctrl+backspace key: delete
tac: display the contents of the file in reverse
01. No parameter: output the content of each line in reverse order tac file.txt
more: Distribution display file content (understand)
01. No parameters: display the file content page by page more /etc/services
02. +num: display more +88 /etc/services from the line number num
less: Display file content in pages (emphasis, increased version of more)
01. No parameters: page display file content less /etc/services
02. -N: Display the line number of each line less -N /etc/services
03. On the arrow keys: scroll up one line
04. Down the direction key: scroll down one line
05. page up: scroll up one page
06. page down: scroll down one page
07. g: move to the first line
08. G: move to the last line
09. ? String: search upwards for "string"
10. /string: search down for "string"
11. n: Find the next matching text backwards
12. N: Find the next matching text forward
head: Display the header of the file content
01. No parameters: display the first 10 lines of the file by default head /etc/passwd
02, -n: specify the number of lines displayed head -n 5 /etc/passwd
tail: display the tail of the file content
01. No parameter: display the last 10 lines of tail /etc/passwd
02. -n: Display the specified number of lines tail -n 5 /etc/passwd
03. -f: Real-time output of data appended after file changes tail -f /application/nginx/logs/access.log
tailf: Track log files (tailf is almost equivalent to tail -f, the difference is that tailf will not access disk files and will not change the access time of files)
01. No parameters: the last 10 lines of the default output log file tailf /application/nginx/logs/access.log
02. -n: Display the specified number of lines tailf -n 5 /application/nginx/logs/access.log
cut: extract a piece of text from the text and output
01, -b: split in units of characters cut -b 3-5,10 oldboy.txt
02. -n: Cancel splitting multi-byte characters, use cut -nb 2-10 oldboy.txt in conjunction with option -b
03. -c: split in units of characters cut -c 2-10 oldboy.txt
04. -d: Custom delimiter, the default is tab as delimiter cut -d : /etc/passwd
05. -f: Used in conjunction with option -d to specify which area to display cut -d: -f 1 /etc/passwd
06. N: Nth byte, character or field
07. N-: From the Nth byte, character or field to the end of the line
08. NM: from the Nth to the Mth (including More) bytes, characters or fields
09. -M: From the 1st to the Mth (including More) bytes, characters or fields
split: split the file
01. -l: Specify the maximum number of lines in the split file split -l 10 inittab new_
paste: Merge files (merge left and right)
01. No parameter: default merge file paste test1 test2
02. -d: Specify the separator, the default is tab paste -d: test1 test2
03. -s: each file occupies one line paste -s test1
04. -sd: Make the first line = the second line (special usage, the order of parameters cannot be changed) paste -sd '=\n' test.txt
Make line 1 = line 2: xarge -n 2 <test.txt|sed 's# #=#g'
sort: text sorting
01. No parameter: sort oldboy.txt in ascending order of ASCII code
02. -b: Ignore the space character of the switch sort -b oldboy.txt
03. -u: remove duplicate lines sort -u oldboy.txt
04. -n: Sort according to the size of the value sort -n oldboy.txt
05. -t: specify the separator sort -t "." oldboy.txt
06. -r: Arrange in reverse order
07. -k: specify interval sort sort -t "." -k 1.10,1.11 -k 4,4n sort.txt
join: Merge by the same fields of two files
01. No parameters: Merge sorted files sort a.txt>a.txtn sort b.txt>b.txtn join a.txtn b.txtn
02. -a: Output unmatched lines
03, -i: Ignore case when comparing fields
04, -1: Merge based on the specified field of the first file
05, -2: Merge based on the specified fields of the second file
06、：
uniq: remove duplicate rows
01. No parameter: remove duplicate lines uniq oldboy.txt
02. -c: Remove duplicate lines and count the number of occurrences of each line sort -n oldboy.txt|uniq -c
03, -d: only display duplicate lines
04. -u: Only display unique lines
wc: Count the number of lines, words or bytes of a file
01. No parameters: number of lines, number of words, number of bytes wc /etc/inittab
02. -c: Statistical bytes wc -c /etc/inittab
03. -w: Count the number of words wc -w /etc/inittab
04. -l: Count the number of lines wc -l /etc/inittab
05. -L: print the length of the longest line wc -L /etc/inittab
06. -m: Count the number of characters wc -m /etc/inittab
iconv: Convert the encoding format of the file
01. No parameters:
02. -f: convert from encoding A to iconv -f gb2312 -t utf-8 GB2312.txt
03. -t: convert to code A
04. -l: Display the encoding supported by the system
05. -o: input the output to the specified file
dos2unix: Convert dos format files to UNIX format
01. No parameter: dos2unix oldboy.win.sh
diff: Compare the differences between two files
01. No parameter: output diff test1 test2 in default format
02. -y: Display the similarities and differences of files in a parallel manner diff -y test1 test2
03. -W: When using -y, specify the displayed width diff -y -W 30 test1 test2
04. -c: Use context format to output diff -c test1 test2
05. -u: Use a unified format to output diff -u test1 test2
vimdiff: visual comparison tool
01. No parameters: call vim to open the file, and the color is vimdiff a.txt b.txt
rev: Reverse the contents of the output file
01. No parameter: output the contents of the file in reverse, at least one space echo{1…10}}rev
tr: replace and delete characters
01. No parameters: replace the previous characters with the following characters, one-to-one correspondence tr 'abc' 'xyz' <oldboy.txt
02, -d: delete each character specified tr -d 'oldboy'
03. -s: Keep the first character of consecutive characters, delete other characters echo 'ooollldddoyyy'|tr -s oldboy
04. -c: use the complement of the first string (setl), reverse tr -c '0-9' '*'<oldboy.txt
od: display files in different bases
01. No parameters:
02. -A: specify base o octal (default) d decimal x hexadecimal n do not print the displacement value
03, -t: specify the data format a named character cASCII character d signed decimal f floating point number o octal (default) u unsigned decimal x hexadecimal
04、file /bin/ls od -Ax -tcx /bin/ls|less
tee: multiple redirects
01. No parameter: Write the content to the file ls|tee ls.txt while standard output
02. -a: Append content to the file ls|tee -a ls.txt
vi/vim: plain text editor
normal mode
01. gg: the first line of the file
02. G: the last line of the file
03, 0: move the cursor to the current line switch
04. $: Move the cursor to the end of the current line
05. Number n: Move the cursor down n lines
06. /XXX: search down for the XXX string
07. ?XXX: search upward for XXX string
08, n: Repeat the previous search action upwards
09, N: Repeat the previous search action downward
10. %s#A#Bg: replace all A with B
11. yy: copy the current line
12. nyy: copy n lines down from the cursor position
13. p: Paste to the next line of the cursor
14. P: Paste to the line above the cursor
15. dd: delete the line where the cursor is located
16. ndd: delete n lines from the position containing the cursor down
17. u: restore the previous execution operation, undo
18..: Repeat the previous action
19. x: delete characters backward
20. X: delete characters forward
21. d1G: delete the current line to the first line
22. dG: delete the current line to the last line
23. d0: delete the current cursor text to the beginning of the line
24. d$: delete the current cursor text to the end of the line
edit mode
01, i: Insert text at the current cursor position
02. a: insert text at the next character where the cursor is
03. I: Insert text at the beginning of the current line
04. A: Insert text at the end of the current line
05. O: insert a new row in the previous row of the current row
06. o: insert a new line in the next line of the current line
07. Esc: exit edit mode
block mode
01. Ctrl+v: Enter visualization mode
02, n1, n2s/#//gc: cancel multi-line comments
03. del: delete the selected content at one time
04, r: Replace the selected content at one time
command mode
01. wq: save and exit
02. wq!: force save and exit
03. q!: Force quit without saving
04. n1, n2 w filename: Save the content from line n1 to line n2 as filename
05. n1,n2 co n3: Copy the content from line n1 to line n2 to the position of n3
06. n1,n2 m n3: Cut the content from line n1 to line n2 to the position of n3
07. !command: Temporarily leave vi to execute command display results in command line mode, such as !ls/etc
08. set nu: display line number
09. set nonu: cancel the line number
10. vs filename: vertically split the screen to display the content of the current file and filename
11. sp filename: display the content of the current file and filename in horizontal split screen