Video source: Station B "k8s (Kubernetes) cluster orchestration tool helm3 practical tutorial"
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1 Common commands of helm3
- Helm's common commands use
version: View the helm client version
repo: add, list, remove, update and index chart warehouse, available subcommands: add, index, list, remove, update
search: search for chart packages based on keywords
show: View the basic and detailed information of the chart package, available subcommands: all, chart, readme, values
pull: download and pull the chart package from the remote warehouse and decompress it locally, such as: # helm pull test-repo/tomcat --version 0.4.3 --untar, --untar is decompression, if not added, it is a compressed package
create: Create a chart package and specify the chart package name
install: Install a release instance through the chart package
list: list release instance names
upgrade: update a release instance
rollback: Roll back the release instance from the previous version, and you can also specify the version number to roll back
uninstall: uninstall a release instance
history: get release history, usage: helm history release instance name
package: Package the chart directory into a chart archive file, for example: if we modify the chart, it needs to be packaged. # helm package /opt/helm/work/tomcat (chart directory path)
get: download a release, available subcommands: all, hooks, manifest, notes, values
status: display the status of the release instance name, display the status of the named version
- Helm adds chart warehouse and view warehouse similar to yum warehouse or docker warehouse
Add warehouse:
You can add multiple warehouses. When adding a warehouse, remember to name the warehouse, such as: stable, aliyun, or others. Generally, the stable version will be used first.
# helm repo add stable http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts #添加微软的，强烈推荐
# helm repo add aliyun https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts #添加阿里云的
# helm repo add test-repo http://mirror.kaiyuanshe.cn/kubernetes/charts/ #添加开源社区的
# helm repo list #列出仓库
NAME URL
test-repo http://mirror.kaiyuanshe.cn/kubernetes/charts/
stable http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts
aliyun https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/chartsUpdate the repository:
# helm repo update #更新仓库，能更新添加的所有仓库
Hang tight while we grab the latest from your chart repositories...
...Successfully got an update from the "aliyun" chart repository
...Successfully got an update from the "test-repo" chart repository
...Successfully got an update from the "stable" chart repositoryDelete warehouse: helm repo remove warehouse name
# helm repo remove test-repo- Create a chart package:
# helm create mychart #创建一个chart包， chart包名为：mychart- Search the chart package of the remote warehouse, view the chart package information, pull the chart package of the remote warehouse to the local similar to docker search to search the mirror of the harbor warehouse
(1) Search chart package format: helm search repo chart package name
Example:
# helm search repo tomcat
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
stable/tomcat 0.4.3 7.0 DEPRECATED-Deploy a basic tomcat application ...(2) Check the chart package format: helm show chart chart package name or helm show values chart package name (see details)
Example:
# helm show charts table/tomcat #查看chart包基础信息
apiVersion: v1
appVersion: "7.0"
deprecated: true
description: DEPRECATED - Deploy a basic tomcat application server with sidecar as web archive container
home: https://github.com/yahavb
icon: http://tomcat.apache.org/res/images/tomcat.png
name: tomcat
version: 0.4.3
# helm show values stable/tomcat #查看chart包详细信息
replicaCount: 1
image:
webarchive:
repository: ananwaresystems/webarchive
tag: "1.0"
tomcat:
repository: tomcat
tag: "7.0"
pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
pullSecrets: []
deploy:
directory: /usr/local/tomcat/webapps
service:
name: http
type: LoadBalancer
externalPort: 80
internalPort: 8080
hostPort: 8009
ingress:
enabled: false
annotations: {}
...(3) Pull chart package format:
# helm pull 远程仓库chart包名 --version 0.4.3 --untar #从远程仓库拉取指定版本的chart包到本地并解压， --untar是解压， 不加就是压缩包
# helm pull 远程仓库chart包名 --untar #从远程仓库拉取最新版本的chart包到本地并解压， --untar是解压， 不加就是压缩包Example:
# helm pulls table/tomcat:0.4.3 --untar
# helm pull test-repo/tomcat --version 0.4.3 --untar #从远程仓库拉取指定版本的chart包到本地并解压
# ls tomcat/
Chart.yaml README.md templates values.yaml
# helm pull test-repo/tomcat --untar #从远程仓库拉取最新版本的chart包到本地并解压
# ls tomcat/
Chart.yaml README.md templates values.yaml- Helm installs a release instance name through various types of char packages to deploy k8s-related resources (such as: pod, deployment, svc, ingress, etc., defined according to the template file)
1) Install the release instance from the chart official warehouse added to the local (installed online from the official warehouse)
2) Install the release instance with the compressed package pulled from the chart warehouse (the downloaded compressed package is installed offline locally for release)
3) After decompressing the compressed package pulled from the chart warehouse, install the release instance from the decompressed directory (decompress the downloaded compressed package, and install the release instance offline from the decompressed directory)
4) Install the release instance directly from a network address (such as an http server) warehouse compression package
5) Create a chart package locally, edit your own yaml file by customizing, and install the release instance through the local chart package
# helm search repo tomcat
# helm install tomcat1 stable/tomcat #从加入到本地的chart社区仓库(从官方仓库在线安装) 安装release实例， tomcat1为release实例名
# helm install tomcat2 tomcat-0.4.3.tgz #从chart仓库拉下来的压缩包进行安装release实例(从本地存档文件离线安装)
# helm install tomcat3 tomcat #从chart仓库拉下来的压缩包解压后， 从解压目录安装release实例(从解压目录离线安装)
# helm install db http://url.../mysql-1.6.9.tqz #从一个网络地址仓库压缩包直接安装release实例(从下载服务器安装)， db为release实例名Uninstall the release instance:
# helm uninstall release实例名 后面详细介绍命令- Helm basic command usage (mainly three commands)
install installs the release instance (actually the installation of the k8s application)
upgrade Upgrade the release instance (actually the upgrade of the k8s application)
rollback rolls back the release instance (actually the rollback of the k8s application)
2 Practical cases of helm3 deployment applications (release, upgrade, rollback, uninstall)
- Review the commonly used helm basic commands (mainly three commands)
install installs the release instance (actually the installation of the k8s application)
upgrade Upgrade the release instance (actually the upgrade of the k8s application)
rollback rolls back the release instance (actually the rollback of the k8s application)
Install the release instance: (The installation of the release instance from various angles has been introduced above, and we will use one of them to demonstrate the installation below)
# helm create chart名 #指定chart名， 创建一个chart包， 通过对chart里template的yaml文件自定义编写成自己需要的后再进行安装
# helm install release实例名 chart目录路径 #指定release实例名和chart包里录路径进行安装release实例Example:
# helm create mychart #创建一个chart包， chart包名为：mychart
# helm install test-release ./mychart #指定release实例名和chart包目录路径进行安装release实例Upgrade the release instance:
# helm upgrade release实例名 chart名 --set imageTag=1.19 #指定release名和chart名进行相关set设置的升级
# helm upgrade release实例名 chart名 -f /.../mychart/values.yaml #指定release示例名和chart名和values.yaml文件升级Example:
# helm upgrade test-release-nginx mychart --set imageTag=1.19 #指定release实例名和chart名set升级
# helm upgrade test-release-nginx mychart -f /root/helm/mychart/values.yaml #指定release示例名和chart名和values.yaml文件升级Roll back the release instance:
# helm rollback release实例名 #指定release实例名， 回滚到上一个版本
# helm rollback release实例名 版本号 #指定release实例名， 回滚到指定版本， 注意版本号是release的版本号， 不是镜像版本号Example:
# helm rollback web-nginx
# helm rollback web-nginx 1.17.10Get release instance history:
# helm history release实例名Example:
# helm history test #test为release实例名
REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
1 Sun Nov 27 12:34:52 2022 deployed tomcat-0.4.37.0 Install completeUninstall the release instance:
# helm uninstall release实例名Example:
# helm uninstall test-release-nginx #uninstall直接跟release名， 卸载release实例- Helm3 deploys custom application cases (release, upgrade, rollback, uninstall) to deploy nginx service as an example, other applications are similar
1) Prepare the environment k8s cluster
# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
m1 Ready control-plane,master 253d v1.20.4
m2 Ready control-plane,master 253d v1.20.4
m3 Ready control-plane,master 253d v1.20.4
n1 Ready <none> 253d v1.20.42) Create a template chart package, delete the original content, and customize it to the content we need. Later, we will customize the deployed yaml file
[root@m1 ~]# helm create nginx-chart
[root@m1 ~]# ls
nginx-chart
[root@m1 ~]# cd nginx-chart/
[root@m1 nginx-chart]# ls
charts Chart.yaml templates values.yaml
[root@m1 nginx-chart]# > values.yaml #清空所有默认定义的变量，后面我们根据需要自定义
[root@m1 nginx-chart]# rm -rf templates/* #删除原来所有默认的部署yaml文件， 后面我们根据需要自定义Template yaml file for custom deployment:
[root@m1 nginx-chart]# vim templates/nginx-deploy-service.yaml #自定义需要的yaml模板文件， deployment和svc， 通过nodeport暴露
apiVersion:apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: {
{ .Values.deployment_name }}
spec:
replicas: {
{ .Values.replicas }}
selector:
matchLabels:
app: {
{ .Values.pod_label }}
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: {
{ .Values.pod_label }}
spec:
containers:
- image: {
{ .Values.image }}:{
{ .Values.imageTag }}
name: {
{ .Values.container_name }}
ports:
- containerPort: {
{ .Values.containerport }}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: {
{ .Values.service_name }}
namespace: {
{ .Values.namespace }}
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: {
{ .Values.port }}
targetPort: {
{ .Values.targetport }}
nodePort: {
{ .Values.nodeport }}
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: {
{ .Values.pod_label }}
[root@m1 nginx-chart]# vim values.yaml #自定义需要的变量文件
deployment_name: nginx-deployment
replicas: 2
pod_label: nginx-pod-label
image: nginx
imageTag: 1.17
container_name: nginx-container
service_name: nginx-service
namespace: default
port: 80
targetport: 80
containerport: 80
nodeport: 300013) Install a release instance through the chart package (that is, deploy a k8s nginx application, version: 1.17)
[root@m1 ~]# ls nginx-chart/
charts Chart.yaml templates values.yaml
[root@m1 ~1]# helm install nginx-release ./nginx-chart/ #安装一个release实例， 实例名：nginx-release
NAME: nginx-release
LAST DEPLOYED: Sun Nov 27 14:37:52 2022
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
[root@m1 ~]# helm list #列出release实例
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
nginx-release default 1 2022-11-27 14:37:52.390161033 +0800 CST deployed nginx-chart-0.1.0 1.16.0
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get pod,svc,ep #查看部署的k8s应用(nginx服务)
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-deployment-5c8469b67f-5pq8m 1/1 Running 0 59s
pod/nginx-deployment-5c8469b67f-j8c7v 1/1 Running 0 59s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.1.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 253d
service/nginx-service NodePort 10.1.28.254 <none> 80:30001/TCP 59s
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
endpoints/kubernetes 192.168.27.128:6443,192.168.27.129:6443,192.168.27.130:6443 253d
endpoints/nginx-service 10.244.3.16:80,10.244.3.17:80 59s
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get podnginx-deployment-5c8469b67f-5pq8m -o yaml | grep image: #查看部署pod的镜像版本
f:image: {}
- image: nginx:1.17
image: nginx:1.17
[root@m1 ~]# curl -I 10.1.28.254
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.10It can be accessed through nodeport: enter in the browser: http://192.168.27.131:30001/ can also be accessed
4) Upgrade the release instance version (upgrade nginx version 1.17 to 1.20.0)
[root@m1 ~]# vim nginx-chart/values.yaml #修改变量文件，指定相应版本
deployment_name: nginx-deployment
replicas: 2
pod_label: nginx-pod-label
image: nginx
imageTag: 1.20.0
container_name: nginx-container
service_name: nginx-service
namespace: default
port: 80
targetport: 80
containerport: 80
nodeport: 30001
# helm upgrade nginx-release nginx-chart -f /root/nginx-chart/values.yaml #指定release实例名和chart名和values.yaml文件升级
Release "nginx-release" has been upgraded. Happy Helming!
NAME: nginx-release
LAST DEPLOYED: Sun Nov 27 14:41:12 2022
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 2
TEST SUITE: None
#或使用：helm upgrade nginx-release nginx-chart --set imageTag=1.20 指定release实例名和chart名set升级
[root@m1 ~]# helm list #升级后查看
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
nginx-release default 2 2022-11-27 14:41:12.755644465 +0800 CST deployed nginx-chart-0.1.0 1.16.0
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get pod,svc,ep #升级后查看
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-deployment-7dd78bf775-lh558 1/1 Running 0 67s
pod/nginx-deployment-7dd78bf775-t4v98 1/1 Running 0 68s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.1.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 253d
service/nginx-service NodePort 10.1.28.254 <none> 80:30001/TCP 4m28s
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
endpoints/kubernetes 192.168.27.128:6443,192.168.27.129:6443,192.168.27.130:6443 253d
endpoints/nginx-service 10.244.3.16:80,10.244.3.17:80 4m28s
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get podnginx-deployment-7dd78bf775-lh558 -o yaml | grep image: #查看部署pod的镜像版本
f:image: {}
- image: nginx:1.20.0
image: nginx:1.20.05) Roll back the release instance version (roll back nginx version 1.20.0 to 1.17)
# helm rollback release实例名 #指定release实例名， 回滚到上一个版本
# helm rollback release实例名 版本号 #指定release实例名， 回滚到指定版本， 注意版本号是release的版本号， 不是镜像版本号a) Roll back to the previous version:
[root@m1 ~]# helm rollback nginx-release #回滚到上一个版本， 指的是release的版本， 不是镜像版本
Rollback was a success! Happy Helming!
[root@m1 ~]# helm list #回滚后查看
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
nginx-release default 3 2022-11-27 14:44:14.618247802 +0800 CST deployed nginx-chart-0.1.0 1.16.0
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get pod,svc,ep #回滚后查看
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-deployment-5c8469b67f-7tw8c 1/1 Running 0 2m29s
pod/nginx-deployment-5c8469b67f-h4mbv 1/1 Running 0 2m28s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.1.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 253d
service/nginx-service NodePort 10.1.28.254 <none> 80:30001/TCP 8m51s
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
endpoints/kubernetes 192.168.27.128:6443,192.168.27.129:6443,192.168.27.130:6443 253d
endpoints/nginx-service 10.244.3.16:80,10.244.3.17:80 8m51s
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get podnginx-deployment-7dd78bf775-lh558 -o yaml | grep image: #查看回滚后部署的版本
f:image: {}
- image: nginx:1.17
image: nginx:1.17b) Roll back to the specified version
release version 1 image: 1.17
release version 2 image: 1.20.0
release version 3 image: 1.17 (after rolling back to 1.17, the release version will also increase)
It is currently release version 3, corresponding to mirror: version 1.17, now roll back the version to specified version 2, corresponding to mirror: 1.20.0
[root@m1 ~]# helm list
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
nginx-release default 3 2022-11-27 14:44:14.618247802 +0800 CST deployed nginx-chart-0.1.0 1.16.0
[root@m1 ~]# helm rollback nginx-release 2 #回滚到指定的版本， 指的是release的版本， 不是镜像版本
Rollback was a success! Happy Helming!
[root@m1 ~]# helm list
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
nginx-release default 4 2022-11-27 14:52:42.547226093 +0800 CST deployed nginx-chart-0.1.0 1.16.0
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get pod,svc,ep #回滚后查看
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-deployment-7dd78bf775-sklx6 1/1 Running 0 43s
pod/nginx-deployment-7dd78bf775-xmjp4 1/1 Running 0 42s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.1.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 253d
service/nginx-service NodePort 10.1.28.254 <none> 80:30001/TCP 15m
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
endpoints/kubernetes 192.168.27.128:6443,192.168.27.129:6443,192.168.27.130:6443 253d
endpoints/nginx-service 10.244.3.16:80,10.244.3.17:80 15m
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get podnginx-deployment-7dd78bf775-sklx6 -o yaml | grep image: #查看回滚后部署的版本
f:image: {}
- image: nginx:1.20.0
image: nginx:1.20.06) Uninstall and delete the release instance
[root@m1 ~]# helm list
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
nginx-release default 5 2022-11-27 14:54:53.057933249 +0800 CST deployed nginx-chart-0.1.0 1.16.0
[root@m1 ~]# helm uninstall nginx-release #卸载删除release实例
[root@m1 ~]# helm list
NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS
空