1. Create a table

1.1 Grammar

CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name ( [
  { column_name data_type [ COLLATE collation ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
    | table_constraint
    | LIKE source_table [ like_option ... ] }
    [, ... ]
] )
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ PARTITION BY { RANGE | LIST | HASH } ( { column_name | ( expression ) } [ COLLATE collation ] [ opclass ] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING method ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]

CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name
    OF type_name [ (
  { column_name [ WITH OPTIONS ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
    | table_constraint }
    [, ... ]
) ]
[ PARTITION BY { RANGE | LIST | HASH } ( { column_name | ( expression ) } [ COLLATE collation ] [ opclass ] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING method ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]

CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name
    PARTITION OF parent_table [ (
  { column_name [ WITH OPTIONS ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
    | table_constraint }
    [, ... ]
) ] { FOR VALUES partition_bound_spec | DEFAULT }
[ PARTITION BY { RANGE | LIST | HASH } ( { column_name | ( expression ) } [ COLLATE collation ] [ opclass ] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING method ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]

其中 column_constraint 是：

[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL |
  NULL |
  CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] |
  DEFAULT default_expr |
  GENERATED ALWAYS AS ( generation_expr ) STORED |
  GENERATED { ALWAYS | BY DEFAULT } AS IDENTITY [ ( sequence_options ) ] |
  UNIQUE index_parameters |
  PRIMARY KEY index_parameters |
  REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
    [ ON DELETE referential_action ] [ ON UPDATE referential_action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]

table_constraint 是：

[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] |
  UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
  PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
  EXCLUDE [ USING index_method ] ( exclude_element WITH operator [, ... ] ) index_parameters [ WHERE ( predicate ) ] |
  FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ]
    [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE referential_action ] [ ON UPDATE referential_action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]

like_option 是：

{ INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { COMMENTS | CONSTRAINTS | DEFAULTS | GENERATED | IDENTITY | INDEXES | STATISTICS | STORAGE | ALL }

partition_bound_spec 是:

IN ( partition_bound_expr [, ...] ) |
FROM ( { partition_bound_expr | MINVALUE | MAXVALUE } [, ...] )
  TO ( { partition_bound_expr | MINVALUE | MAXVALUE } [, ...] ) |
WITH ( MODULUS numeric_literal, REMAINDER numeric_literal )

UNIQUE、PRIMARY KEY以及EXCLUDE约束中的index_parameters是：

[ INCLUDE ( column_name [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]

一个EXCLUDE约束中的exclude_element是：

{ column_name | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]

For specific parameter descriptions, please refer to: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html

1.2 Common examples

--创建表
CREATE TABLE test(id int, note varchar(20));
--创建表时带主键
CREATE TABLE test(id int PRIMARY KEY, note varchar(20));
--创建表时带复合主键
CREATE TABLE test(id1 int, id2 int, note varchar(20), CONSTRAINT pk_test PRIMARY KEY(id1,id2));
--创建表时带符合主键和唯一约束
CREATE TABLE test(id1 int, id2 int, id3 int, note varchar(20), CONSTRAINT pk_test PRIMARY KEY(id1,id2), CONSTRAINT uk_test_id3 UNIQUE(id3));
--创建表时带非空约束
CREATE TABLE test(id int NOT NULL, note varchar(20));
--创建表时带检查约束
CREATE TABLE child(name varchar(20), age int, note text, CONSTRAINT ck_child_age CHECK(age <18));
--创建表时带外键约束
CREATE TABLE class(class_no int PRIMARY KEY, class_name varchar(40));
CREATE TABLE student(student_no int PRIMARY KEY, student_name varchar(40), age int, class_no int REFERENCES class(class_no));
--创建表时指定默认值
CREATE TABLE student(no int, name varchar(20),age int DEFAULT 15);
--创建临时表
CREATE TEMPORARY/TEMP TABLE tmp_t1(id int PRIMARY KEY, note text);
--创建 UNLOGGED 表
CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged01(id int PRIMARY KEY, t text);

The use of UNLOGGED tables is no different from that of ordinary tables, only WAL logs are not generated when inserting, deleting, and updating data, so the performance of these DML operations will be higher. In addition, it should be noted that when the database is abnormally down, the data in the UNLOGGED table may be lost.

--复制表结构
CREATE TABLE baby (LIKE child);
CREATE TABLE baby AS SELECT * FROM child WITH NO DATA;
--复制表结构时带所有属性
CREATE TABLE baby (LIKE child INCLUDING ALL);

The table created here does not copy the constraints on the source table columns. If you want to completely copy the constraints and other information on the source table columns in the first writing method, you need to add the "INCLUDING" keyword. The available "INCLUDES" options are as follows :

INCLUDING DEFAULTS
INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS
INCLUDING INDEXES
INCLUDING STORAGE
INCLUDING COMMENTS
INCLUDING ALL

2. Modify the table

--修改名表
ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_name;
--修改表所在模式
ALTER TABLE table_name SET SCHEMA new_schema;
--修改表所属 owner
ALTER TABLE table_name OWNER TO role_name;
--修改表所在表空间
ALTER TABLE table_name SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name;
--添加字段
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
--删除字段
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP column_name;
--修改字段类型
ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER column_name TYPE datatype;
--修改字段名
ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME column_name TO new_column_name;
--设置/删除字段非空约束
ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER column_name {
   
   SET|DROP} NOT NULL;
--设置字段默认值
ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER column_name SET DEFAULT expression;
--修改约束名
ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME CONSTRAINT constraint_name TO new_constraint_name;
--添加主键
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY(id);
--添加唯一约束
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE(id);
--添加检查约束
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK(id > 100);
--添加外键约束
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name FOREIGN KEY(id) REFERENCES reftable(id);
--删除约束
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;

3. Delete the table

ALTER TABLE table_name [CASCADE];

CASCADE : Automatically delete objects (such as views) that depend on this table.

Fourth, the partition table

https://xiaosonggong.blog.csdn.net/article/details/123357556

PostgreSQL table