A detailed explanation of interface automation test requests [super detailed~]

1. What are requests?

requests is a Python third-party library, which is particularly convenient for processing URL resources

2. Install requests

pip3 install requests

If you encounter Permission denied installation failure, please retry with sudo

3. Use requests

3.1 get request method

3.1.1 Basic get request

pip3 install requests

3.1.2 get request with parameters

For those with parameters, pass in a dict as the params parameter:

import requests
def loginGet():
    r=requests.get(
        url='http://47.95.142.233:8000/login/auth/',
        params={"name":"wuya","age":18})
    print('协议状态码',r.status_code)
    #获取到的是字典的数据类型
    print('返回字典的数据类型',r.json())
    #获取请求的地址信息
    print('获取请求地址的信息',r.url)
    #获取到的是字符串
    print('获取的是字符串的数据类型',r.text)
    #获取到的是bytest的数据类型
    print('获取到的是bytest的数据类型',r.content)
    #获取响应头
    print('响应头',r.headers)

Remarks: The response data is generally obtained by r.text. If the response data is in json' format, use r.json()

Query phone number attribution:

import requests
r=requests.get(
        url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo',
        params={"mobileCode":"15191084297","userId":""})

print('协议状态码', r.status_code)
print('获取请求地址的信息', r.url)
print('响应头', r.headers)
print('获取的是字符串的数据类型',r.text)

3.2 post request method

3.2.1 JSON data format:

import json
def loginPost():
    r = requests.post(
        url='http://47.95.142.233:8000/login/auth/',
        json={"username":"15191084297","password":"123456"},
        headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})
    print(json.dumps(r.json(),ensure_ascii=False,indent=True))

3.2.2 Form data format

r=requests.post(
        url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo',
        data={"mobileCode":"15191084297","userId":""},
        headers={'content-type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'})

print('获取的是字符串的数据类型',r.text)

The difference between json and data:

when to use json

When the request parameter is JSON, use the json parameter When the request parameter is json, but use the data parameter, then the request parameter needs to be serialized

when to use data

When the request parameter is a form, use data When the request parameter is in JSON format, then the request parameter needs to be serialized

Lagou.com combat:

r = requests.post(
    url='https://www.lagou.com/jobs/v2/positionAjax.json',
    data={
        'data': 'Iphu%2FZ6ba7xjPqUDKO03NaTge36Zu7CANc5xZfNf0Brv4y1pJEeEuKl1PTDANiyGvMDYzLyoZqP7pPX3T9vFbzaVfuiXlpLScGwoDEJ6YlgCeyA38q5TJ%2FeCp2OmMywUQalg1pLh5vpFJIazFh7A6ovCMqZFGFB2DmsZXn22k4LdQJhEnS8Y4rmCv6a15mFX'},
    headers={'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
             'Cookie': 'RECOMMEND_TIP=true; PRE_UTM=; PRE_LAND=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagou.com%2F; user_trace_token=20220119144853-8c70d9f2-7f4f-4097-ab6f-77a57190e796; LGUID=20220119144853-fa5d8ce2-6aa5-4fd0-9353-a266309a766c; privacyPolicyPopup=false; _ga=GA1.2.673573823.1642574934; _gid=GA1.2.1607293937.1642574935; LGSID=20220119144854-49e4e6e0-cb73-4e52-b471-58cefe6e79dc; PRE_HOST=cn.bing.com; PRE_SITE=https%3A%2F%2Fcn.bing.com%2F; sajssdk_2015_cross_new_user=1; WEBTJ-ID=20220119145841-17e712165122f0-02258ae20ef9a5-5e181655-1327104-17e71216513558; JSESSIONID=ABAAABAABEIABCI41426992A613A6F1F2FAAD0189C97FFD; sensorsdata2015session=%7B%7D; Hm_lvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1642574935,1642575522; index_location_city=%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD; X_HTTP_TOKEN=68221908d10068cd4255752461329f451998b7de45; Hm_lpvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1642575525; TG-TRACK-CODE=index_search; LGRID=20220119145857-272d10f0-d02a-451c-b154-f0074a3fb737; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%2217e711873e74c8-0e9dec4a6c3c5a-5e181655-1327104-17e711873e818b%22%2C%22first_id%22%3A%22%22%2C%22props%22%3A%7B%22%24latest_traffic_source_type%22%3A%22%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%22%2C%22%24latest_search_keyword%22%3A%22%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%96%E5%88%B0%E5%80%BC%22%2C%22%24latest_referrer%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fcn.bing.com%2F%22%2C%22%24os%22%3A%22Windows%22%2C%22%24browser%22%3A%22Chrome%22%2C%22%24browser_version%22%3A%2297.0.4692.71%22%7D%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%2217e711873e74c8-0e9dec4a6c3c5a-5e181655-1327104-17e711873e818b%22%7D',
             'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36 Edg/97.0.1072.62',
             'referer':'https://www.lagou.com/wn/jobs?labelWords=&fromSearch=true&suginput=&kd=%25E6%25B5%258B%25E8%25AF%2595%25E5%25BC%2580%25E5%258F%2591%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E7%25A8%258B%25E5%25B8%2588'})
print('协议状态码:',r.status_code)
print('返回协议数据:',r.text)
print(json.dumps(r.json(),indent=True,ensure_ascii=False))

4. Detailed explanation of requests parameters

headers

Fill in the information of the request header, the information of the request header is the data type of the dictionary

cookies

The value of the set-cookie returned in the response header of the server needs to be included in the request header

51cto actual combat:

def login():
    r=requests.post(
            url='https://home.51cto.com/index?reback=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.51cto.com&iframe=0&is_go_to_user_set_mobile=1',
            data={"_csrf":"ZXk0VTBJaXENEEE5eCsjN1U9ZGZ0LwI7LBRjAQM7Dh1IDAAeagoZRw",
                  "LoginForm[username]":"15191084297",
                  "LoginForm[password]":"cy980716",
                  "show_qr":"0"},
            headers={'content-type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
                     'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.110 Safari/537.36',
                     'Referer': '//home.51cto.com/index',
                     'Cookie': 'www51cto=02B0203B122F2012E0EC7BAC6020A4C2pHub; _csrf=6a44440f3396ae1244c0004595444c2bc471690ec46ad7c1fa772eb23bb216daa%3A2%3A%7Bi%3A0%3Bs%3A5%3A%22_csrf%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A32%3A%22hiulHbJF0DP3DfkJImWT3rgl-u4KZCp6%22%3B%7D; _ourplusFirstTime=122-1-13-15-38-6; sajssdk_2015_cross_new_user=1; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%2217e525f5627a34-0113622e3482c8-36657407-1296000-17e525f5628112a%22%2C%22first_id%22%3A%22%22%2C%22props%22%3A%7B%22%24latest_traffic_source_type%22%3A%22%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%22%2C%22%24latest_search_keyword%22%3A%22%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%96%E5%88%B0%E5%80%BC_%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%22%2C%22%24latest_referrer%22%3A%22%22%7D%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%2217e525f5627a34-0113622e3482c8-36657407-1296000-17e525f5628112a%22%7D; Hm_lvt_110fc9b2e1cae4d110b7959ee4f27e3b=1642059408,1642084977; pub_cookietime=2592000; lastlogin=on; Hm_lpvt_110fc9b2e1cae4d110b7959ee4f27e3b=1642085620; Hm_lvt_844390da7774b6a92b34d40f8e16f5ac=1642085057,1642085464,1642085663,1642086193; callback_api_url=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.51cto.com%2Findex; pub_wechatopen=DgZDExYRBjVaYERiLmkgAWt0GV0kZWIHGhIBMTwLMWwlN0oVAxAPBVlec2I2aSVMR1ZESR9RfHkzalAMalZTB1ZdDQdTAwdVVz0DB1cLVgwCBQ1X; PHPSESSID=8gfk7kgeg4jjo1a6vkfk2vcc22; once_p=ce2eb9; _ourplusReturnCount=18; _ourplusReturnTime=122-1-13-23-12-4; login_from=home.51cto.com; reg_from=home.51cto.com; Hm_lpvt_844390da7774b6a92b34d40f8e16f5ac=1642086725'})
    print(r.status_code)
    print(r.text)
    print(r.cookies)
    # r.cookies简单理解就是拿到响应头里面的set-cookie返回给客户端的指，也就是sessionID
    return r.cookies

def profile():
    r=requests.get(
            url='https://edu.51cto.com/center/user/info/get-user-info',
            # 通过请求头里面的cookie把返回来的sessionID发送给服务端进行身份验证
            cookies=login())
    print(r.status_code)
    print(r.text)

files

Parameters for file uploads

auth

ASD

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
api=requests.get(
        url='http://101.43.158.84:5000/v1/api/books',
        auth=HTTPBasicAuth(username='admin',password='admin'),
        timeout=180)

print(api.status_code)
print(json.dumps(api.json(),ensure_ascii=False,indent=True))

timeout

It mainly refers to the fact that the server responds to data very slowly, but sometimes it is very fast, so it is recommended to add tiaout at this time, which is equivalent to implicit waiting. Another is that when the network request has an error of requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout, it means This parameter needs to be played

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
api=requests.get(
        url='http://101.43.158.84:5000/v1/api/books',
        auth=HTTPBasicAuth(username='admin',password='admin'),
        timeout=180)

print(api.status_code)
print(json.dumps(api.json(),ensure_ascii=False,indent=True))

verify

When there is no problem with your code, but the request returns ssl and 403, it means that you need to set the parameters of verify, such as returning an error: requests.exceptions.SSLError. Then you need to bring this parameter

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
api=requests.get(
        url='http://101.43.158.84:5000/v1/api/books',
        auth=HTTPBasicAuth(username='admin',password='admin'),
        timeout=180,verify=False)
print(api.status_code)
print(json.dumps(api.json(),ensure_ascii=False,indent=True))

5. Dynamic parameter resolution in requests

The first way of writing:

imoport requests
import json
def login():
    dict1={"username":"15191084297","password":"123456"}
    r=requests.post(
        url='http://47.95.142.233:8000/login/auth/',
        data=json.dumps(dict1),
        headers={'content-type':'application/json'})
    return r.json()['token']

def index():
    r=requests.get(
        url='http://47.95.142.233:8000/interface/index',
        headers={"Authorization":"JWT {0}".format(login())})
    print(r.text)
    assert r.json()['count']['api']==4

second way of writing

imoport requests
import json
def login():
    dict1={"username":"15191084297","password":"123456"}
    r=requests.post(
        url='http://47.95.142.233:8000/login/auth/',
        data=json.dumps(dict1),
        headers={'content-type':'application/json'})
    return r.json()['token']

def index():
    r=requests.get(
        url='http://47.95.142.233:8000/interface/index',
        headers={"Authorization":"JWT {token}".format(token=login())})
    print(r.text)
    assert r.json()['count']['api']==4

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