When chatting in the group the day before yesterday, some students said that Appium officially supports automatic download of compatible browser drivers. I thought that Selenium also has a similar method, so I searched online. Refer to the method in the previous article on Medium, improve the relevant steps, and add support for multiple browsers.
First, think about the general steps
- Identify local browser version
- Download the driver corresponding to the browser version
- Unzip to the corresponding folder
- Recorded in the mapping.json file
The next step is to roll up your sleeves and get to work
Define the directory structure
|— config
|— mapping.json: browser driver configuration information
|— driver: store browser driver
|— utils
|— driver_util.py: packaged toolkit
|— test_search.py: test script
data preparation
Import third-party libraries, define constants such as path names
import json
import os
import zipfile
import shutil
import requests
import pathlib
from win32com import client as win_client
# 工作目录（当前路径调试时需加上.parent）
BASE_DIR = str(pathlib.Path.cwd())
# BASE_DIR = str(pathlib.Path.cwd().parent)
CHROME_DRIVER_BASE_URL = "https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com"
EDGE_DRIVER_BASE_URL = "https://msedgedriver.azureedge.net"
CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP = "chromedriver_win32.zip"
EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP = "edgedriver_win64.zip"
CHROME_DRIVER = "chromedriver.exe"
EDGE_DRIVER = "msedgedriver.exe"
BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR = str(pathlib.PurePath(BASE_DIR, "driver"))
DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "config", "mapping.json")
The first step is to obtain the version of the browser
Some minor versions of the Chrome browser do not have browser drivers corresponding to the version number. You need to use the Query API to query the corresponding major version LATEST RELEASE version, and then query the corresponding browser driver
Each version number of the new Edge browser has a corresponding driver download on the official website
Latest Version API
https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE_{version}Download Chrome Driver
API
https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/{version}/chromedriver_win32.zip
https://msedgedriver.azureedge.net/{version}/edgedriver_win64.zip
code show as below
def get_browser_version(file_path):
"""
获取浏览器版本
:param file_path: 浏览器文件路径
:return: 浏览器大版本号
"""
# 判断路径文件是否存在
if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
raise FileNotFoundError(f"{file_path} is not found.")
win_obj = win_client.Dispatch('Scripting.FileSystemObject')
version = win_obj.GetFileVersion(file_path)
return version.strip()
def get_browser_major_version(file_path):
"""
获取浏览器大版本号
:param file_path: 浏览器文件路径
:return: 浏览器大版本号
"""
browser_ver = get_browser_version(file_path)
browser_major_ver = browser_ver.split(".")[0]
return browser_major_ver
def get_latest_browser_version(browser_major_ver):
"""
获取匹配大版本的最新release版本
:param browser_major_ver: 浏览器大版本号
:return: 最新release版本号
"""
latest_api = f"{CHROME_DRIVER_BASE_URL}/LATEST_RELEASE_{browser_major_ver}"
resp = requests.get(latest_api)
latest_driver_version = resp.text.strip()
return latest_driver_version
The second step is to download the browser driver
def download_browser_driver(latest_driver_version, browser_name):
"""
下载浏览器驱动压缩包
:param browser_name: 浏览器名称
:param latest_driver_version: 浏览器的版本号
"""
download_api = None
if browser_name == "Chrome":
download_api = f"{CHROME_DRIVER_BASE_URL}/{latest_driver_version}/{CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP}"
elif browser_name == "Edge":
download_api = f"{EDGE_DRIVER_BASE_URL}/{latest_driver_version}/{EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP}"
download_dir = os.path.join(str(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR), os.path.basename(download_api))
# 下载，设置超时时间20s
resp = requests.get(download_api, stream=True, timeout=20)
if resp.status_code == 200:
with open(download_dir, 'wb') as fo:
fo.write(resp.content)
else:
raise Exception("Download chrome driver failed")
The third step is to unzip the drive package
Delete the original compressed package after decompression
def unzip_driver(browser_major_ver, browser_name):
"""
解压驱动压缩包
:param browser_name: 浏览器名称
:param browser_major_ver: 浏览器大版本号
:return: 驱动文件路径
"""
file_path = None
driver_path = None
if browser_name == "Chrome":
file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP))
driver_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, browser_major_ver, CHROME_DRIVER)
elif browser_name == "Edge":
file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP))
driver_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, browser_major_ver, EDGE_DRIVER)
browser_driver_dir = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, browser_major_ver)
# 解压到指定目录
with zipfile.ZipFile(file_path, 'r') as zip_ref:
zip_ref.extractall(browser_driver_dir)
return driver_path
def remove_driver_zip(browser_name):
"""
删除下载的驱动压缩包
:param browser_name: 浏览器名称
"""
file_path = None
if browser_name == "Chrome":
file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP))
elif browser_name == "Edge":
file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP))
os.remove(file_path)
The fourth step is to read and write configuration file information
def read_driver_mapping_json():
"""
读取 mapping_json
:return: 字典格式
"""
if os.path.exists(DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE):
with open(DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE) as fo:
try:
driver_mapping_dict = json.load(fo)
# mapping.json内容为空时，返回空字典
except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:
driver_mapping_dict = {}
else:
raise FileNotFoundError(f"{DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE} is not found")
return driver_mapping_dict
def write_driver_mapping_json(browser_major_ver, latest_driver_version, driver_path, browser_name):
"""
写入 mapping_json
:param browser_major_ver: 浏览器大版本号
:param latest_driver_version: 浏览器驱动版本号
:param driver_path: 驱动存放路径
:param browser_name: 浏览器名称
"""
mapping_dict = read_driver_mapping_json()
# 版本号在dict中（浏览器名不在dict中）
if browser_major_ver in mapping_dict:
mapping_dict[browser_major_ver][browser_name] = {
"driver_path": driver_path,
"driver_version": latest_driver_version
}
# 大版本号不在dict中，且字典不为空
elif browser_major_ver not in mapping_dict and mapping_dict:
mapping_dict[browser_major_ver] = {
browser_name:
{
"driver_path": driver_path,
"driver_version": latest_driver_version
}
}
# 字典为空
else:
mapping_dict = {
browser_major_ver:
{
browser_name:
{
"driver_path": driver_path,
"driver_version": latest_driver_version
}
}
}
mapping_dict.update(mapping_dict)
with open(DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE, 'w') as fo:
json.dump(mapping_dict, fo)
comprehensive
Integrate the above steps into the automatic_discover_driver function, and return the browser driver path by calling this function
def automatic_discover_driver(browser_path, browser_name="Chrome"):
"""
侦测浏览器驱动是否在mapping.json有记录，否则下载该驱动
:param browser_path: 浏览器路径
:param browser_name: 浏览器名称
"""
browser_maj_ver = get_browser_major_version(browser_path)
# Chrome需要获取大版本号对应的latest release version
# Edge 可直接用当前浏览器版本号
if browser_name == "Chrome":
latest_browser_ver = get_latest_browser_version(browser_maj_ver)
elif browser_name == "Edge":
latest_browser_ver = get_browser_version(browser_path)
else:
raise Exception(f"{browser_name} is not found")
# 读取mapping.json内容
mapping_dict = read_driver_mapping_json()
# json为空 或版本号不在mapping_dict中 或浏览器名不在mapping_dict中
if not mapping_dict or \
browser_maj_ver not in mapping_dict or \
browser_name not in mapping_dict[browser_maj_ver]:
# 下载浏览器驱动压缩包
download_browser_driver(latest_browser_ver, browser_name)
# 解压浏览器驱动压缩包，并返回驱动路径
driver_path = unzip_driver(browser_maj_ver, browser_name)
# 将浏览器大版本号、浏览器名、驱动路径、对应的浏览器版本号信息写入到mapping.json中
write_driver_mapping_json(browser_maj_ver, latest_browser_ver, driver_path, browser_name)
# 删除浏览器驱动压缩包
remove_driver_zip(browser_name)
# 返回浏览器驱动的路径
mapping_dict = read_driver_mapping_json()
return mapping_dict[browser_maj_ver][browser_name]["driver_path"]
test
Create a test_search.py file to verify whether the corresponding browser driver can be downloaded automatically
import pytest
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from utils.driver_util import automatic_discover_driver as automatic
class TestSearch:
_CHROME_PATH = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"
_EDGE_PATH = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe"
_browser = "Edge"
def setup(self):
driver_path = automatic(self._EDGE_PATH, self._browser)
if self._browser == "Chrome":
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(driver_path)
elif self._browser == "Edge":
self.driver = webdriver.Edge(driver_path)
def teardown(self):
self.driver.close()
self.driver.quit()
def test_search_bing(self):
self.driver.get("https://cn.bing.com/")
self.driver.find_element_by_id("sb_form_q").send_keys("selenium")
self.driver.find_element_by_id("sb_go_par").click()
sleep(3)
if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main()
Tested, successfully opened the browser!
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