Abstract: Aiming at the practical problem of how to manually control the emergency start of the non-centralized control fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system after the fire is confirmed: Where is the manual control? Who will take manual control? When will manual control be possible? Three schemes for manually controlling the emergency start system are proposed: ① Use a small emergency lighting controller; ② Use an emergency start button; ③ Use a power-off emergency start.
Key words: fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system; non-centralized control system; manual control; emergency start; small emergency lighting controller; emergency start button; power failure emergency start; centralized power supply
0 Preface
How to manually control the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system of the non-centralized control fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system after the fire is confirmed? Collection 19D702 - 7 "Emergency Lighting Design and Installation" lacks specific details, which brings a lot of confusion to design, construction and acceptance. The following analyzes the problems existing in the manual control of the non-centralized control fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system, and proposes three schemes for manual control of the emergency start-up system.
1. Selection of control mode for fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system
According to the provisions of Article 3.1.1 of GB 51309 - 2018, the control methods of fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system are divided into centralized control system and non-centralized control system: ① Centralized control system refers to the system setting emergency lighting The controller is a fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system that is centrally controlled by the emergency lighting controller and displays the working status of the emergency lighting centralized power supply or emergency lighting distribution box and its connected fire emergency lighting. ② The non-centralized control system refers to the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system in which the system is not equipped with an emergency lighting controller, and the emergency lighting centralized power supply or emergency lighting distribution box controls the working status of the fire emergency lighting.
When designing and selecting fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems, it is first necessary to consider whether to set up an automatic fire alarm system, and secondly, factors such as the nature of use of the building, the scale, and the difficulty of daily management and maintenance of the system should be considered, and it should comply with GB 51309 - Regulation 3.1.2 of 2018. The author recommends that places with automatic fire alarm systems adopt centralized control systems, and places without automatic fire alarm systems can choose non-centralized control systems.
Manual Control and Existing Problems of Decentralized Control System
For the centralized control system, the national standard GB 51309-2018 and the national standard atlas 19D702-7 have clear regulations and specific method diagrams, and there are mature products that meet the relevant national standards, and there are many engineering cases that have been completed and put into operation , centralized control system is very familiar to everyone, so I won't repeat it here. The following focuses on the control of non-centralized control fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems in places without automatic fire alarm systems after fire confirmation.
2.1 Manual control of non-centralized control system in fire state
According to the regulations of GB 51309 - 2018, as long as the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system of the place where the automatic fire alarm system is installed, the fire alarm output signal of the fire alarm controller should be used as the trigger signal for the automatic start of the system after the fire is confirmed. Control the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system to enter the working state; but for places without automatic fire alarm system, because there is no fire alarm output signal, there is no way for the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system to realize automatic control and start the system. After the fire is confirmed, use manual control to control the emergency start of the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system. For places without regional fire alarm systems, the manual control requirements and contents of non-centralized fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems after fire confirmation are specified in Article 3.7.4 of GB 51309 - 2018. Let me repeat. The following is an analysis of how to realize manual control and existing problems in a non-centralized control system in a place without a regional fire alarm system after the fire is confirmed.
2.2 Existing problems
Many projects choose non-centralized control fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems because they do not have an automatic fire alarm system. How to manually control the emergency start of the system after the fire is confirmed? Where is the manual control? Who will take manual control? When will manual control be possible? There is no specific approach to these issues in GB 51309-2018 and 19D702-7, which may be an omission by the compilation team. How to manually control the emergency start of the system after the fire is confirmed in the non-centralized control system without an area fire alarm system has the following problems:
(1) Where is the manual control? GB 51309 - 2018 does not clearly stipulate where to manually control. The author has checked the centralized power supply products of many manufacturers. Some products do not have a manual emergency button. Most of the products have a "forced start switch" in the box. Press this switch The emergency lighting system can be activated manually (see Figure 1). According to the provisions of Article 3.3.7 and Article 3.3.8 of GB 51309-2018, the centralized power supply and emergency lighting distribution box should be installed in the low-voltage power distribution room, power distribution room, and electrical shaft. The manual control button "forced start switch" is in the centralized power supply box, so at the initial stage of the fire, someone needs to open the above place with a key and press the "forced start switch" in each centralized power supply box. There is danger, because there may be no way to detect the fire in time. After seeing the smoke billowing and discovering the fire, I run up to open the door and press the button. At this time, there is a great danger. If the method of power failure is used to realize emergency start, because the distribution box is also installed in the power distribution room, electric shaft, etc., the problem of the above-mentioned problems also exists in the scheme of power failure.
Figure 1 Centralized power supply forced start switch button
(2) Manually controlled by whom? For the centralized control system, the emergency lighting controller is installed in the fire control room, and the on-duty personnel in the fire control room are personnel who have been trained and have post operation skills. etc. are familiar; but for the non-centralized control system, because there is no emergency lighting controller, the distributed centralized power supply is installed in a decentralized manner. If the 220 V power supply is disconnected or the manual emergency button on the centralized Lighting system, then these operations also need to have certain professional knowledge, at least only trained personnel can understand the operation, ordinary personnel may not be able to operate. So there is a problem, who will manually control the emergency start of the system after the fire is confirmed, and do these personnel need to be on standby somewhere?
(3) When can manual control be performed? Article 3.7.3 and Article 3.7.4 of GB 51309 - 2018 stipulate that after the fire is confirmed, the emergency start of the non-centralized control system should be manually controlled, but since there is no automatic fire alarm system, there is no way to Automatic alarm confirmation, fire confirmation can only be done manually, and it is often difficult to detect a fire in the early stage. When it is discovered, there may be open flames and thick smoke. Is it too late to manually activate the emergency lighting system at this time? Even if the fire can be detected in time during working hours during the day, and then reported to the relevant personnel to manually start the emergency lighting system, and wait for the relevant personnel to go to various places to open the door to operate the emergency lighting system, this process will take a certain time, so it is difficult to realize the fire. Immediately start the emergency lighting system manually and put it into operation. The fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system is to provide backup lighting and correct evacuation guidance information for personnel evacuation, fire fighting and rescue, and fire places that still need to work when a fire occurs, so as to effectively ensure the safety and speed of building personnel. , orderly evacuation and fire fighting and rescue. One of the important functions is to provide the necessary illumination and safe, correct, fast and orderly evacuation guidance for the people in the building at the initial stage of the fire, guide the people to evacuate to a safe place on the ground, reduce casualties and fire losses. The emphasis here is on the initial stage of the fire, so there is such a problem, when the non-centralized control system can manually control the emergency start of the system immediately after the fire is confirmed?
Manual control emergency start system scheme of non-centralized control system
3.1 The scheme of using small emergency lighting controller
Article 3.1.2 of the national standard GB 51309-2019 stipulates that places without an automatic fire alarm system can choose a non-centralized control system, but there is no requirement to choose a non-centralized control system. Small-scale emergency lighting controllers can be used to realize remote manual control of emergency fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems, similar to centralized control systems; but because there is no automatic fire alarm system, there is no fire alarm output signal as a trigger signal for system automatic control , can only use manual control on the small emergency lighting controller; in addition, because there is no fire control room, this small emergency lighting controller should be set in the duty room. Once the fire is confirmed, the trained personnel on duty will manually control and start the fire Emergency lighting and evacuation indication system. The advantage of this scheme is that the manual control is simple and easy to operate, stable and reliable, and the small emergency lighting controller is powerful; especially after the manual control starts the system, it can monitor and display the working status of the centralized power supply and the working status of the fire emergency lights in real time; this can Ensure that the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system can work reliably in case of fire. The emergency start button scheme described below or the power-off start scheme cannot realize real-time monitoring and display. As for the powerful functions of the emergency lighting controller, each manufacturer’s product manual has detailed descriptions, so I won’t go into details here. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the scheme using a small emergency lighting controller.
Here is an explanation of why the small-scale emergency lighting controller is emphasized. The main reason is to consider buildings that do not have an automatic fire alarm system in the area. Generally, the scale of the project is small, and there will not be many centralized power supplies, fire emergency lighting, and evacuation indicators. The emergency lighting controller is enough, so the impact on the cost is very small. The small emergency lighting controller AC-A100/B3 shown in Figure 2 has a wall-mounted size of 400mm × 300mm × 160mm. The equipment is not large and the cost is not high.
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of using a small emergency lighting controller
For those building complexes where some buildings are equipped with automatic fire alarm systems and some buildings do not need to be equipped with automatic fire alarm systems, it is recommended that those buildings without regional automatic fire alarm systems also adopt this scheme.
3.2 The scheme of using the emergency start button
At present, there is a "forced start switch" in the centralized power supply box produced by most manufacturers on the market, as shown in Figure 1, the place in the blue circle is the manual forced start switch, press this switch to start the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system However, the centralized power supply boxes of some manufacturers currently do not have this forced start switch, and there is no way to realize the manual emergency start system. Therefore, it is necessary to mark the product with a forced start switch when using the emergency start button.
3.3 Adopt the scheme of emergency start after power failure
According to the regulations of GB 51309-2018, after the 220 V main power supply of the fire emergency lighting system is cut off, the centralized power supply or the emergency lighting distribution box will chain control the lights connected to it to turn into emergency lighting mode. Articles 3.3.8 and 3.7.4 of GB 51309 - 2018 stipulate that in the non-centralized control system, the centralized power supply shall be powered by the normal lighting circuit, and the centralized power supply shall be supplied by the fire compartment, the same The normal lighting distribution boxes on the floors of fire compartments, tunnel sections, subway platforms and station halls are powered; when a fire is confirmed, the centralized power supply or emergency lighting distribution box should cut off the main power output, and the emergency lighting system will switch to the battery power output, so Manually disconnecting the 220 V main power supply can be used to manually control the start of the emergency lighting system after the fire is confirmed. Projects using non-centralized control systems are generally small buildings, and there are not many centralized power supplies in each building. Therefore, contactors can be used to disconnect the 220 V loops that supply centralized power from distribution boxes on each floor. The 220 V power supply is supplied from the main lighting distribution box of the building, so it is sufficient to use a contactor to disconnect the corresponding circuit in the main distribution box. Figure 3 shows that the 1AL lighting distribution box is set up on the first floor to supply centralized power supply. Figure 4 shows the manual control box and its schematic diagram. The 220 V power supply can be disconnected through the button on the manual control box in Figure 4, so as to realize manual control of fire emergency lighting and emergency start of the evacuation indication system. Of course, if a contactor is installed behind the 1AL power inlet switch, and then the contactor is disconnected, the emergency start of the manual control system can also be realized. Figure 3 only shows the schematic diagram of the contactor disconnecting the 220 V power supply. If the centralized power supply is supplied by the normal lighting distribution box on the floor where the fire compartment is located, then the contactor is set in the circuit where the normal lighting distribution box on the floor supplies the centralized power supply. In addition, the control box should be installed in the duty room of the building or nearby. If there is no duty room in the building, the control box should be installed in the entrance and exit of the first floor or the electrical room and other places that are easy to operate. The control button box should be Make signs to avoid mis-pressing.
It should be noted that Article 13.4.6 of GB 51348 - 2019 "Electrical Design Standards for Civil Buildings" stipulates that the evacuation lights shall not be directly activated by cutting off the fire power supply. Headlights; the 220 V power supply of the centralized power supply of the non-centralized control system is connected to a non-fire-fighting power supply, and after the fire is confirmed, the 220 V main power supply should be disconnected when the centralized power supply or emergency lighting distribution box is transferred to the battery for power supply. The author believes that the centralized power supply of the non-centralized control system uses a power failure to start the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system. The scheme should not fall within the scope of this article.
Figure 3 1AL normal lighting distribution box system diagram
Figure 4 Manual control box and schematic diagram
In addition, some people may think that when the fire burns the distribution box until the power is cut off, the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system will light up, so there is no need to set manual control, but no manual control does not comply with GB51309 - 2018 No. 3. 7 The provisions of Article 3 and Article 3.7.4 are not in line with the original intention of setting up the fire emergency lighting system and evacuation instruction system. The above three schemes have their own advantages and disadvantages. The author recommends the first scheme, that is, the scheme using a small emergency lighting controller. This scheme is similar to a centralized control system and can better meet the fire protection requirements of places without automatic fire alarm systems. Control requirements for emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems.
For products that meet the requirements of the above control methods, the specific product models that can be referred to are shown in Table 1 below.
The fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system is mainly composed of emergency lighting controller, fire emergency lighting centralized power supply or emergency lighting distribution box, fire emergency lighting and other parts. This system is completely independently developed by Acrel, which complies with the current national industry norms, and can meet the data exchange and sharing with AcrelEMS enterprise micro-grid management cloud platform or automatic fire alarm system.
When the system is used with the fire alarm controller, it can monitor and control the equipment in the system in real time at ordinary times, which is convenient for daily management and maintenance and ensures the stable operation of the system. Based on this, it is guaranteed that when a fire occurs, the direction of the fire emergency sign lamps can be accurately changed, and the fire emergency lights can be lit to help the people in the building choose the escape route, guide the safe escape direction, and ensure the personal safety of the masses. The security issues that class users worry about solve the worries in the future.
Table 1 Selection table of fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system
| Emergency Lighting Controller |
A-C-A100/B3 |
|
fall to the ground |
| Centralized power supply for emergency lighting |
A-D-1KVA-A200L |
|
wall hanging |
| product name |
Product number |
Specification Description |
degree of protection |
Physical icon |
Dimensions (H*W*D/Φ*H mm) |
installation method |
| Ultra-thin single-sided |
A-BLJC-1LROXEII1W-A431B |
Real-time reporting of working status, remote control of strobe and direction adjustment functions |
IP30 |
|
128*355*9 |
Wall-mounted |
| Ultra-thin double-sided |
A-BLJC-2LROEII1W-A430B |
Real-time reporting of working status, remote control of strobe and direction adjustment functions |
IP30 |
|
128*355*9 |
Ceiling type |
| High protection single-sided evacuation indicator light |
A-BLJC-1LROEII1W-A431H |
Real-time reporting of working status, remote control of strobe and direction adjustment functions, IP level 67 |
IP67 |
|
145*400*15 |
Wall-mounted |
| recessed ceiling lighting |
A-ZFJC-E X W-A631 |
Report working status in real time, turn on and off functions |
IP30 |
|
Φ120*H57 |
Recessed |
| Ceiling lighting |
A-ZFJC-E X W-A803 |
Report working status in real time, turn on and off functions |
IP30 |
|
Φ101.7*H 46.7 |
Ceiling type |
| Round high protection lighting |
A-ZFJC-E X W-A603HC |
Report the working status in real time, turn on and off, IP67, round |
IP67 |
|
Φ175*H 60 |
Wall/ceiling |
| Oval high protection lighting |
A-ZFJC-E X W-A603HE |
Report working status in real time, turn on and off function, IP67, ellipse |
IP67 |
|
198*98*55 |
Wall/ceiling |
epilogue
The non-centralized control fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system how to manually control the emergency start of the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system after the fire is confirmed is lacking in the national standard GB 51309-2018 and the national standard atlas 19D702-7. It has brought a lot of confusion to the design, construction, and acceptance. I look forward to the compilation team supplementing this part of the content. This paper proposes 3 schemes of non-centralized control fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system to manually control the emergency start system, for reference by electrical peers, and looks forward to criticism and correction from peers.
references
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[4]. GB51348-2019 "Civil Building Electrical Design Standards" [S].
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