Methods for WebDriver to interact with cookies.
cookie
It is usually used by websites to identify users, maintain login status or track user browsing records.
- Name: the name of the cookie
- Value: the value of the cookie
- Domain: hosts that are allowed to receive cookies
- Path: request URL path
- Expires/Max-Age: cookie expiration date
- Size: the size of the cookie
- HttpOnly: whether only through HTTP requests (true/false)
- Secure: Whether to request only through HTTPS (true/false)
- SameSite: Whether to restrict third-party cookies
- Priority: Priority, with low, medium (default) or high values
add cookie
The add operation only accepts a defined set of serializable JSONobjects.
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.example.com")
# Adds the cookie into current browser context
driver.add_cookie({
"name": "foo", "value": "bar"})
get cookie
According to nameobtain a single cookie.
driver.add_cookie({
"name": "foo", "value": "bar"})
print(driver.get_cookie("foo"))
"""
{'domain': 'example.com', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'foo', 'path': '/', 'secure': False, 'value': 'bar'}
"""
Get all cookies.
driver.add_cookie({
"name": "test1", "value": "cookie1"})
driver.add_cookie({
"name": "test2", "value": "cookie2"})
print(driver.get_cookies())
"""
[
{'domain': 'example.com', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'test2', 'path': '/', 'secure': False, 'value': 'cookie2'},
{'domain': 'example.com', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'test1', 'path': '/', 'secure': False, 'value': 'cookie1'}
]
"""
delete cookies
Delete a single cookie based on name.
driver.add_cookie({
"name": "test1", "value": "cookie1"})
driver.add_cookie({
"name": "test2", "value": "cookie2"})
driver.delete_cookie("test1")
print(driver.get_cookies())
"""
[
{'domain': 'example.com', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'test2', 'path': '/', 'secure': False, 'value': 'cookie2'}
]
"""
Delete all cookies.
driver.add_cookie({
"name": "test1", "value": "cookie1"})
driver.add_cookie({
"name": "test2", "value": "cookie2"})
driver.delete_all_cookies()
print(driver.get_cookies())
"""
[]
"""
cookie saving and reading
In the project, usually cookiesave to a file and read it directly at the calling place.
"""
cookies 保存到文件
"""
driver.get("已经登录后的网站")
cookies = driver.get_cookies()
with open("cookies.yaml", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
yaml.dump(cookies, f)
"""
使用 cookies 时从文件进行读取
"""
driver.get("重新打开一个未登录的窗口")
with open("cookies.yaml", encoding="utf-8") as f:
cookies = yaml.safe_load(f)
for cookie in cookies:
driver.add_cookie(cookie)
SameSite
SameSite is used to restrict third-party Cookieattributes, this setting prevents CSRF(cross-site request forgery) attacks and user tracking.
Use restrictions:
- chrome(80+version)
- Firefox(79+version)
- Selenium v4+
Property settings:
- Strict: Strict mode, completely forbidden to carry and send
cookieswith third-party website requests - Lax: loose mode, allowing
cookiesportabilityGETto be sent together with requests from third-party websites
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.example.com")
# 设置方式
driver.add_cookie({
"name": "foo1", "value": "value", 'sameSite': 'Strict'})
driver.add_cookie({
"name": "foo2", "value": "value", 'sameSite': 'Lax'})
cookie1 = driver.get_cookie('foo1')
cookie2 = driver.get_cookie('foo2')
print(cookie1)
print(cookie2)