Crawlers need to set User-Agent. If only one is used for related data collection, it is likely to be restricted by anti-crawling. Therefore multiple or random User-Agent settings can be used.
fake-useragent module
The fake-useragent module can provide random User-Agent settings.
Github address of the fake-useragent module: https://github.com/hellysmile/fake-useragent
fake-useragent module installation
The fake-useragent module can be installed through the pip command
pip install fake-useragent
Currently, it cannot be installed through the conda command.
fake-useragent use
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
ua = UserAgent()
# 默认生成以IE浏览器为标准的用户代理
ua.ie
# Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US);
# 默认生成以mise浏览器为标准的用户代理
ua.msie
# Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3; Trident/6.0)'
# 默认生成以Internet Explorer浏览器为标准的用户代理
ua['Internet Explorer']
# Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; GTB7.4; InfoPath.2; SV1; .NET CLR 3.3.69573; WOW64; en-US)
# 默认生成以Opera浏览器为标准的用户代理
ua.opera
# Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; ru) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11
# 默认生成以Chrome浏览器为标准的用户代理
ua.chrome
# Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1216.0 Safari/537.2'
ua.google
# Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_4) AppleWebKit/537.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/24.0.1290.1 Safari/537.13
ua['google chrome']
# Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11
# 默认生成以Firefox浏览器为标准的用户代理
ua.firefox
# Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; rv:16.0.1) Gecko/20121011 Firefox/16.0.1
ua.ff
# Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:15.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/15.0.1
# 默认生成以Firefox浏览器为标准的用户代理
ua.safari
# Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 6_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0 Mobile/10A5355d Safari/8536.25
# 默认生成随机浏览器标准的用户代理
ua.random
User-Agent settings in the requests module
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
headers = {
"User-Agent": UserAgent().random}
headers = {
"User-Agent": UserAgent().chrome}