software test
With the increasing development of the software development industry, the demand for jobs and industry salaries are increasing, and more and more people want to enter the industry, but they don’t know where to start. Today, I will share with you that the software testing industry has What are the necessary methods and technical knowledge points, where should I learn as a novice:
What is software testing? Software testing is the process of executing programs to find bugs. Another way of saying it is that software testing is to carefully design a set of test cases (ie, input data and expected output results) based on the specifications and internal structure of the program at each stage of software development, and use them to run the program to find out the defects in the program. mistake.
The purpose of learning software testing? Software testing aims to use the least manpower, material resources and time to find out various errors and defects that may exist in the software, improve software quality by correcting various errors and defects, and avoid hidden dangers caused by potential software defects and errors. business risk.
What skills are required to do software testing?
01. Learn the basics of testing
Here, we need to focus on the method of software testing, which is the core ability that software testers need to possess:
Unit testing: Unit testing is the testing of the basic constituent units in the software. The purpose is to test the correctness of the basic components of the software.
Integration testing: Integration testing is the testing performed during the software system integration process. The purpose is to check whether the interface between software units is correct.
System testing: System testing is a thorough test of the integrated software system to verify whether the correctness and performance of the software system meet the requirements.
Acceptance Testing: Acceptance testing is the last testing operation before deploying the software. The purpose of acceptance testing is to ensure that the software is ready to go live.
Black box testing: only care about the input data and output results of the software. Regardless of the internal logic structure, the software interface and software functions are mainly tested.
White box testing: study the source code and program results inside. Tests are used to detect whether the internal actions of the product are normally carried out in accordance with the provisions of the design specifications, and whether each channel in the inspection program can work correctly according to the predetermined requirements.
Gray box testing: Gray box testing is between black box testing and white box testing.
Automated testing: A process that transforms human-driven testing behavior into machine execution. In order to save manpower, time or hardware resources and improve test efficiency, automated testing is carried out.
Functional testing: test whether the actual function meets the needs of users, and test around the functional points of the software. Functional testing can be divided into many types: logical function testing, interface testing, usability testing, installation testing, compatibility testing, etc.
Performance testing: Performance testing is to test various performance indicators of the system by simulating various normal, peak and abnormal load conditions through automated testing tools.
Alpha testing: Refers to testing the initial version of the software. The initial version of the software is generally not released to the public, and before going online, it is tested with the assistance of developers and testers or users. Testers record errors and problems that occur during use, and the entire testing process is controllable.
β test: It refers to testing the software version after it goes online. At this time, the software has been released online, but there may be minor bugs in the released version. Users find errors and problems during use and record them, and then give feedback Give the developers a fix.
02. Understand the scripting language
To use some software testing tools, you need to understand the scripting language. After understanding the content of the script, you can sort out the relevant requirements of the software on this basis, and then write the automation script you need to perform automated testing.
The three commonly used automation languages are java, python, and linux. It is recommended to learn python. Python is a relatively simple language and relatively easy to learn. In the process of learning a language, you must forget that you are doing testing, and treat yourself as a developer, and systematically learn related programming knowledge, because the level of language largely determines the level of automation.
03. Learn software testing tools
Learning software testing tools is not difficult, it just requires us to learn systematically. For example, performance testing tool loadrunner, automated testing tools selenium, Appium, interface testing Jmeter, Postman, etc. Although tools are not omnipotent, they can improve our work efficiency, so we must use them skillfully.
Interface automation:
Python+Unittest+HtmlTestRuner+Jenkins和Java+Httpclient+TestNG+Jenkins
web automation:
Python+Webdrver+HtmlTestRunner+Jenkins,Java+Webdriver+TestNG+Jenkins
APP automation:
Robotium+Java+TestNG+Jenkins,Appium+Java+TestNG+Jenkins,Appium+Python+HtmlTestRunner
In the testing industry, there are many automated testing tools, but large companies tend to use open source frameworks and tools, and then customize their own testing solutions. Learn to use some open source tools such as Webdriver, Appium, etc. to build your own automated testing projects, and then master the overall automation working principle, and prepare for building your own tool platform in the future. After all, automation is not as simple as using a few tools .
04. Understand computer hardware knowledge
In the process of performance testing, hardware performance is also a very important indicator. If it is for hardware testing, then let alone. Hardware testing, after obtaining requirements, demonstration, model selection, design, review, drawing board, review, proofing, etc., is a forward process. The intervention of testing must be after the hardware development, and it will be involved in the model selection stage earlier. Come in, but the real execution must be after the samples come out, and the samples are already in hand. At this time, the first is the functional test of the product, and the system-level test is done in a deeper level, and finally the module or circuit unit test is a reverse engineer. thought process. The purpose is to find product design defects, the content of the activities carried out, or design verification, or problem stimulation, and ultimately improve product quality.
From the perspective of technical division, the hardware test content includes but not limited to: radio frequency, baseband, reliability, multimedia, EMC, each of which is a relatively complicated content, and is worthy of in-depth study. In terms of test types: functional testing, performance testing, certification and safety testing, etc. Moreover, devices such as switches, routers, and firewalls need to be understood.
05. Understand database knowledge
We know that doing development and operation and maintenance requires proficiency in database knowledge. In fact, software testing also requires mastery of database knowledge. Because database knowledge is the core content for many products, whether it is manual testing or automated testing, databases are frequently involved. The final data of all software is stored in the database. If you don’t understand the database and don’t know how to operate it, you can’t test it as needed. To meet professional testing requirements, especially when the test object is non-universal or new technology is used, database understanding and application are essential. What kind of database knowledge do you need to master specifically, and how much database knowledge do you have?
So, what database knowledge do you need to master? You must know common database types, such as Mysql, MSSQL, Oracle, Memcached, Redis, Mongodb, etc.; you can install and deploy databases on servers or computers, as well as the basic operations of databases; you can use common database link tools such as WorkBench Navicat phpMyAdmin ; Can operate basic database configurations such as changing passwords and adding users; can create/delete libraries, create/delete tables, view libraries, view tables, and basic addition, deletion, modification, and query statements.
If it involves some business tests with strong demand for data, or in the actual test process, it is often necessary to create some test data through the database. You also need to master database backup, restore, multi-table query, subquery, stored procedure, view, data import and export, etc. Software testing is a highly operational subject that requires more hands-on and more practice. The database is no exception. In the actual operation process, you need to practice more and think more about solutions and ideas. Only in this way can you improve your practical ability.
06. Possess relevant industry knowledge
Software development and application involves many fields, from financial products to games, websites, automobiles, telecommunications, anti-virus, enterprise management, school education, localized products, etc., all of which require a lot of testing, so it is necessary to have a good knowledge reserve in related industries.
Why choose software testing? An excellent software tester should have good communication skills, programming skills, learning skills, automated development skills, and the ability to write test cases. First of all, for software testing, it is not easy to be a very good tester; after learning the skills about development, it will be easier to communicate with developers as a professional tester in the future. Secondly, the advent of a software product is inseparable from software testing. In ordinary work and study life, being good at discovering and exploring new things will definitely greatly promote your future career.
For novices, mastering the basic knowledge and learning skills is the most important thing. As long as you grasp the learning rhythm and take it step by step, you will not be far from becoming an excellent software testing engineer!
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Software Testing Interview Documentation
We must study to find a high-paying job. The following interview questions are the latest interview materials from first-tier Internet companies such as Ali, Tencent, and Byte, and some Byte bosses have given authoritative answers. Finish this set The interview materials believe that everyone can find a satisfactory job.
How to obtain the full set of information:
