operating system related questions

Questions and answers given by ChatGPT:

Pen questions:

List common server operating systems and describe their features and uses.
Explains the role of file systems in server operating systems, and the common types of file systems.
Introduces common commands and their functions in the Linux operating system, such as ls, grep, chmod, etc.
Describe the functionality and architecture of Active Directory (Active Directory) in the Windows Server operating system.
Explain the application of virtualization technology in server operating systems, and list several common virtualization platforms.

Interview questions:

Which server operating systems are you familiar with? What knowledge and experience do you have about the characteristics and uses of different operating systems?
Please describe your experience and skills in administering and maintaining server operating systems.
Which operating system would you choose if you needed to deploy an application or service on a server? Why?
How do you deal with common failures and issues in server operating systems, such as system crashes, network misconfigurations, etc.?
What are the security measures in the server operating system that you are familiar with? How to ensure server security and data protection?

These questions will help assess the candidate's knowledge, experience and skills with different server operating systems. Based on a candidate's responses, you can better judge their suitability and ability. At the same time, these questions can also be customized or further deepened according to actual needs.

1. List common server operating systems, and describe their characteristics and uses

Windows Server: Windows Server is a server operating system launched by Microsoft. It has a wide range of applications and rich graphical interfaces, and is suitable for enterprise-level applications and network environments.
Linux (such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Ubuntu Server, etc.): Linux is an open source operating system featuring stability, security, and customizability. It is widely used in various server environments, including Web servers, database servers, and so on.

2. Explain the role of the file system in the server operating system, and common file system types

The file system is responsible for managing files and directories on the storage device in the server operating system, providing data organization, access and protection. Common file system types include:

NTFS (Windows system): Provides advanced functions such as permission control, encryption, compression, etc.
ext4 (Linux system): It has high performance and reliability, and supports larger file systems and file sizes.

3. Introduce the common commands and their functions in the Linux operating system, such as ls, grep, chmod, etc.

ls: List directory contents.
grep: Find matching text in a file.
chmod: Modify the permissions of a file or directory.
cd: Change the current working directory.
mv: Move files or rename files.
cp: Copy a file or directory.
rm: delete a file or directory.

4. Explain the concept of deadlock, conditions and how to prevent and solve deadlock problems

Deadlock refers to the situation in which multiple processes compete for resources and fall into an infinite waiting state under concurrent conditions. After a deadlock, the process cannot execute

Reasons: Mutual exclusion, request and hold, inalienable, circular wait conditions 4

The method of deadlock avoidance: destroy these 4 conditions, the method of destruction:

Mutual exclusion: Allows processes to share resources
Destroying requests and holding: when new resources are requested, existing resources are released
Unalienable: Allows the system to forcibly reclaim process resources
Circular waiting: the process sorts the resources and applies in order

5. Process and thread, talk about it in detail

Process is the basic unit of resource allocation
Thread is the basic unit of independent scheduling
A process can have multiple threads, which share process resources
The creation and cancellation of a process requires the system to allocate or reclaim resources. Process switching involves CPU environment preservation and new process CPU environment setting, which is expensive. Thread switching overhead is small
Process scheduling algorithm: first come first serve, shortest job first, shortest remaining time first

6. Method of process synchronization

Critical Section: The section of code that accesses critical resources
Semaphore: Semaphore, PV operation, plus 1 minus 1 operation, lock and unlock. The semaphore can only be 0, 1 is the mutex

7. Process communication

Pipeline, only parent-child process
FIFO Named Pipes
message queue,
shared storage
Socket socket, communication between different machines

8. What is virtual memory

A memory management technique that allows programs to access address spaces beyond the capacity of physical memory, with larger logical memory

Combine physical memory and disk space to provide greater memory space. The principle is that a process has its own virtual address space, and accessing a virtual memory page is mapped to physical memory or a file on disk. The operating system loads the corresponding page into physical memory

Expand the amount of memory
memory isolation
memory sharing

9. Disk scheduling algorithm

first come first serve
The shortest seek time algorithm, there will be a starvation problem at both ends
Elevator algorithm, walk in one direction until there is no request in this direction, then change direction

Interview questions:

2. If you need to deploy an application or service on a server, which operating system would you choose? Why?

When choosing a server operating system to deploy an application or service, it can be answered based on specific needs and scenarios. Considerations can include application compatibility, performance needs, security requirements, developer community support, and more. Based on your experience and knowledge, provide a rationale for choosing an operating system and explain your reasons.

2. What are the security measures in the server operating system you are familiar with? How to ensure server security and data protection?

When describing the security measures of the server operating system, some common measures are listed, such as firewall configuration, access control, encrypted communication, security patch management, etc. Explain your knowledge of and experience with these measures. Emphasize your security awareness and data protection strategies, such as regular backups, access control, monitoring and log analysis, etc.