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1. IT Technology Classification

1. IT Technology Classification

1.1 Summary

IT technology is a broad field that encompasses many different technologies and domains. Here are some common IT techniques:

Network and system management: including network configuration, server management, network security, data storage and backup, etc.
Software development: involves programming languages, software design, development and testing, such as Java, Python, C++, etc.
Database management: including design, development and management of database systems, such as MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, etc.
Front-end development: Mainly focuses on user interface design and development of web pages and mobile applications, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, etc.
Back-end development: involves handling server-side logic and database operations, such as PHP, Node.js, Ruby, etc.
Mobile Application Development: Developing applications on mobile devices such as Android development and iOS development.
Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence: Use statistics and algorithms to analyze and interpret data, and to develop intelligent systems and machine learning models.
Information Security: Protecting computer systems and data from unauthorized access, destruction and disclosure.
Human-Computer Interaction: Design and develop user-friendly interfaces and interaction methods to provide a good user experience.
Cloud Computing and Virtualization: Leverage cloud services and virtualization technologies to provide scalable and flexible computing resources.

This is just a small part of the field of IT technology, there are actually many other fields and professions. With the continuous development of science and technology, new technologies are also emerging.

1.2 Network and System Administration

Learning network and system administration requires a certain amount of system and planning. Here are some suggestions and steps:

Master basic computer knowledge: Network and system management are based on basic computer knowledge, so you must first understand the basic principles of computers, operating systems, and network foundations. This includes learning about computer hardware, the function and management of operating systems, the structure and protocols of computer networks, and more.
Learning basic knowledge of network: In-depth understanding of basic concepts of computer networks, network topology, protocols, routing, subnetting, IP address management, etc. You can learn by referring to online textbooks, online tutorials, or attending related online courses.
Learn the basics of system management: understand basic concepts and technologies such as server management, operating system management, user account management, file system management, backup and recovery, etc. Learn the fundamentals and command-line operations of operating systems such as Linux and Windows.
Learn about network security: Network security is a very important part of network and system administration. Learn the basic principles of network security, types of attacks, defense measures and commonly used security tools.
Hands-on projects: Apply what you learn through practical projects, which help to consolidate and deepen understanding. Try setting up and managing a small network, configuring and managing servers, implementing network security measures, and more.
Continuous learning and updating: Network and systems administration is an ever-growing and changing field, and staying competitive requires continuous learning and updating of knowledge. Follow the latest technology trends and industry dynamics, and attend relevant training courses, seminars and conferences.
Participate in the community: Join online communities, forums, or technical groups in the field of network and system administration to network and share experiences with other professionals. This leads to additional insights and learning resources.
Get certified: In the field of network and system administration, there are certification courses and exams offered by many vendors and institutions, such as Cisco's CCNA, Microsoft's MCSE, etc. Earning certification can strengthen your resume and career competitiveness.

Remember, learning network and system administration requires continuous practice and experience. Try to find opportunities for practical application, constantly try to solve problems and face challenges, which can improve your skills and abilities.

1.3 Software Development

Learning software development requires a certain amount of systematization and planning. Here are some suggestions and steps:

Learning the basics of programming: You first need to master the basic concepts and techniques of programming. Understand the basic concepts of programming language syntax, variables, data types, flow control, functions, and object-oriented programming.
Choose a programming language: Choose a programming language that suits your learning. Common programming languages include Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, and more. Learn about the characteristics, uses, and ecosystems of various programming languages, and choose according to your interests and goals.
Learning programming tools and environments: understand and be familiar with commonly used programming tools and development environments, such as integrated development environment (IDE), text editors, debugging tools, etc. Master the basic usage and common operations of these tools.
Learn the principles of software development: understand the basic principles and methods of software development. This includes basic concepts and techniques in the stages of requirements analysis, design, coding, testing and maintenance. Learn best practices and design patterns in the software development process.
Hands-on projects: Apply what you learn through practical projects, which help to consolidate and deepen understanding. Choose small programming projects like building a simple website, developing a small app, etc. Gradually increase the complexity and functionality of your projects to increase your skills and experience.
Learning development frameworks and tools: Master common development frameworks and tools, which can improve development efficiency and quality. According to the programming language of your choice, understand and learn related development frameworks, libraries and tools, such as Django, Spring, React, etc.
Continuous learning and updating: Software development is an ever-evolving and changing field, and staying competitive requires continuous learning and updating of knowledge. Follow the latest technology trends and industry dynamics, and attend relevant training courses, seminars and conferences.
Participate in open source projects and communities: Join open source projects and development communities to communicate and collaborate with other developers. This facilitates learning and sharing experiences, provides practical opportunities and builds professional networks.
Build personal projects and portfolios: Create personal projects and portfolios to showcase your skills and achievements. This can help showcase your abilities in a job search or co-op project and attract potential employers or partners.
Constantly challenge yourself: During the learning process, constantly challenge yourself to solve complex problems and achieve more advanced functions. Try to solve real programming puzzles and participate in competitions, which can help improve skills and develop problem-solving skills.

Remember, software development requires continuous practice and experience. Write more code, keep trying new technologies and projects, learn from mistakes, and keep improving your skills and code quality.

1.4 Database Management

Learning database management requires a certain degree of systematicness and planning. Here are some steps and suggestions:

Learn the basics of database: First, understand the basic concepts of database, the difference between relational database and non-relational database, and the basic syntax and usage of SQL language. Master the components of a database, such as tables, fields, indexes, relationships, and more.
Learn Database Management System (DBMS): Choose a popular database management system, such as MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, etc., and learn the features, functions and usage of the system. Master the installation, configuration and management techniques of DBMS.
Learning database design: understand the basic principles and norms of database design. Learn entity-relational modeling (ERM) and normalization techniques to design and plan efficient database structures.
Learn the SQL language: SQL is the core language of database management. Learn the basic syntax of SQL and common query statements (such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE), as well as advanced queries (such as joins, subqueries, aggregate functions, etc.).
Learn Database Optimization: Understand the basic principles and techniques of database performance optimization. Learn how to create indexes, optimize query statements, and adjust database parameters and configurations to improve database performance and response speed.
Hands-on projects: Apply what you learn through practical projects, which help to consolidate and deepen understanding. Try to design and implement a small database application, such as a simple blogging system or e-commerce website. Different challenges and problems will be encountered in practice, and skills and experience will be improved by solving these problems.
Dive into advanced topics: Once you've mastered fundamental concepts and techniques, move on to advanced topics in database administration. This may include database backup and recovery, transaction processing, database security and rights management, distributed databases, and more.
Continuous learning and updating: Database management technology is constantly developing and evolving. To maintain competitiveness, continuous learning and updating of knowledge is required. Stay on top of the latest database technologies and trends, and attend related training courses, seminars, and conferences.
Participate in database management communities: Join online communities, forums, or technical groups in the database management field to communicate and share experiences with other professionals. This results in additional insights, learning resources, and hands-on opportunities.
Obtain relevant certifications: Consider obtaining certifications related to database management, such as Oracle's OCP, Microsoft's MCSA, etc. Certifications can enhance your resume and career competitiveness.

Remember, in the process of learning database management, practice and apply more, and constantly challenge yourself to solve practical problems. Through practice and experience accumulation, improve the skills and abilities of database management.

1.5 Front-end development

Learning front-end development requires a certain degree of systematicness and planning. Here are some steps and suggestions:

Learn HTML and CSS: HTML is the basic language of web pages, and CSS is used for styling and layout. Learn the use of HTML tags and the writing of CSS styles from the basics, and understand the basic principles of web page structure and appearance.
Master JavaScript: JavaScript is the core language of front-end development, used to achieve interactive and dynamic effects. Learn JavaScript syntax, basic data types, process control, functions, and more. Understand the basic concepts and operations of DOM (Document Object Model) and BOM (Browser Object Model).
Learn Responsive Design: Learn how to create responsive web pages that adapt to different devices and screen sizes. Master CSS media queries and elastic layout techniques to ensure good display and user experience of web pages on various devices.
Learning front-end frameworks and libraries: master popular front-end frameworks and libraries, such as React, Angular, Vue.js, etc. Learn about their characteristics, usage, and ecosystem, and learn how to use them to simplify development and increase efficiency.
Learning front-end tools and development environment: Understand and be familiar with common front-end development tools and development environments, such as code editors (such as Visual Studio Code), version control tools (such as Git), package managers (such as npm), etc. Master the basic usage and common operations of these tools.
Hands-on projects: Apply what you learn through practical projects, which help to consolidate and deepen understanding. Start with simple static web pages, and gradually practice more complex projects, such as building responsive websites, developing interactive web applications, and more. Improve skills and experience through challenges and problems encountered in practice.
Learning performance optimization: understand the basic principles and techniques of front-end performance optimization. Learn how to optimize webpage loading speed, reduce resource requests, compress code, and more to improve user experience and webpage performance.
In-depth study of web standards and best practices: Learn about web standards and best practices, including semantic HTML, accessibility, SEO optimization, and more. Learn how to write maintainable, scalable, and high-quality front-end code.
Continuous learning and updating: Front-end technology continues to develop and evolve. To maintain competitiveness, continuous learning and updating of knowledge is required. Follow the latest front-end technology trends and industry trends, and attend relevant training courses, seminars and conferences.
Participate in front-end development communities: Join online communities, forums or technical groups in the field of front-end development to communicate and share experiences with other developers. This results in additional insights, learning resources, and hands-on opportunities.

Remember, in the process of learning front-end development, practice and apply more, and constantly challenge yourself to solve practical problems. Through practice and experience accumulation, improve the skills and abilities of front-end development.

1.6 Backend development

Learning back-end development requires a certain amount of systematization and planning. Here are some suggestions and steps:

Learning the basics of programming: You first need to master the basic concepts and techniques of programming. Understand the basic concepts of programming language syntax, variables, data types, flow control, functions, and object-oriented programming.
Choose a back-end programming language: Choose a back-end programming language that suits you to learn. Common backend programming languages include Java, Python, C#, Node.js, etc. Understand the characteristics, uses and ecosystems of various back-end programming languages, and choose according to your interests and goals.
Learn the basics of database: understand the basic concepts and principles of database, master the basic use of relational database and SQL language. Learn how to design the database structure, write SQL query statements and perform database operations.
Learning web development frameworks: Master popular back-end web development frameworks, such as Spring (Java), Django (Python), ASP.NET (C#), Express.js (Node.js), etc. Learn the characteristics, usage and common functions of the framework to improve development efficiency.
Learn server management and deployment: Learn the basics of server management and deployment, learn how to configure the server environment, install and configure web servers (such as Apache, Nginx), and deploy applications.
Hands-on projects: Apply what you learn through practical projects, which help to consolidate and deepen understanding. Choose some small back-end development projects, such as building a simple API service, developing a blog system, etc. Gradually increase the complexity and functionality of your projects to increase your skills and experience.
Learn security and performance optimization: Learn the basic principles and techniques of security and performance optimization in backend development. Learn how to protect applications from common security threats such as SQL injections, cross-site scripting attacks, and more. Master performance optimization technologies, such as caching, concurrent processing, asynchronous operations, etc.
Continuous Learning and Updating: Backend development is an ever-evolving and changing field, and to remain competitive requires continuous learning and updating of knowledge. Follow the latest back-end development technology and industry trends, and attend relevant training courses, seminars and conferences.
Participate in open source projects and communities: Join open source projects and development communities to communicate and collaborate with other developers. This facilitates learning and sharing experiences, provides practical opportunities and builds professional networks.
Build your own projects and portfolio: Create your own backend development projects and portfolio to showcase your skills and hands-on experience. This helps to showcase your abilities and potential when applying for a job.

Remember, in the process of learning back-end development, practice and apply more, and constantly challenge yourself to solve practical problems. Through practice and experience accumulation, improve the skills and abilities of back-end development.

1.7 Mobile Application Development

Here are some steps and suggestions:

Choosing a Mobile App Development Platform: Learn about different mobile app development platforms such as Android, iOS, and React Native, among others. Choose the platform that fits your learning and goals. If you want to develop Android and iOS applications at the same time, you can consider using a cross-platform development framework.
Learn the basics of programming: Mobile app development requires mastering the basic concepts and techniques of programming. Understand the basic concepts of programming language syntax, variables, data types, flow control, functions, and object-oriented programming.
Learn the language of mobile application development: According to the mobile application development platform you choose, learn the corresponding programming language. For example, Android app development uses Java or Kotlin, and iOS app development uses Objective-C or Swift. Learn the language's syntax, features, and API.
Learn mobile application development frameworks and tools: master mobile application development frameworks and tools, such as Android Studio (Android development), Xcode (iOS development) and React Native (cross-platform development). Understand the characteristics, usage and common functions of the framework to improve development efficiency.
Learn User Interface Design and Interaction Design: Mobile app development is not just about writing code, it also needs to focus on user interface design and interaction design. Learn user interface design principles, UI components and layout techniques, and the fundamentals of user experience design and interaction design.
Hands-on projects: Apply what you learn through practical projects, which help to consolidate and deepen understanding. Pick some small mobile app development projects, like building a simple to-do list app or social media app. Gradually increase the complexity and functionality of your projects to increase your skills and experience.
Learn Mobile Application Security and Performance Optimization: Learn the basic principles and techniques of security and performance optimization in mobile application development. Learn how to protect applications from common security threats such as data breaches, malicious code, and more. Master performance optimization techniques, such as memory management, responsiveness, and network optimization.
Continuous learning and updating: Mobile application development technology is constantly developing and evolving. To maintain competitiveness, continuous learning and updating of knowledge is required. Follow the latest mobile application development technology and industry trends, and attend related training courses, seminars and conferences.
Participate in mobile application development communities: Join online communities, forums, or technical groups in the field of mobile application development to communicate and share experiences with other developers. This results in additional insights, learning resources, and hands-on opportunities.
Build your own projects and portfolio: Create your own mobile app projects and portfolio to showcase your skills and hands-on experience. This helps to showcase your abilities and potential when applying for a job.

Remember, in the process of learning mobile application development, practice and apply more, and constantly challenge yourself to solve practical problems. Through practice and experience accumulation, improve the skills and abilities of mobile application development.

1.8 Data Analysis and Artificial Intelligence

Here are some steps and suggestions:

Learn the basics of mathematics and statistics: Data analysis and artificial intelligence involve a lot of mathematics and statistics. Master basic concepts and techniques such as linear algebra, probability theory, and statistical inference to lay a solid mathematical foundation for subsequent studies.
Learn programming and data processing: Master a programming language, such as Python or R, which are widely used in data analysis and artificial intelligence. Learn how to process and analyze data, using related libraries and tools such as NumPy, Pandas, etc.
Learn data visualization: Data visualization is an important part of converting data into a visual form. Learn how to use tools like charts, graphs, and dashboards to visualize data and understand the trends and patterns behind it.
Learn the basics of machine learning: Machine learning is one of the core technologies of artificial intelligence. Learn the basic concepts, algorithms, and methods of machine learning. Learn about different types of machine learning algorithms such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, and learn how to apply them to solve real-world problems.
Learning Deep Learning: Deep learning is an important branch of artificial intelligence, especially in the fields of image recognition, speech recognition and natural language processing. Learn the fundamentals of deep learning, the structure and training methods of neural networks. Master common deep learning frameworks such as TensorFlow and PyTorch.
Learn Data Mining and Feature Engineering: Data mining is the process of discovering patterns and knowledge from large-scale data. Learn how to use data mining techniques to discover hidden patterns and useful information in data. In addition, feature engineering is the process of transforming and extracting features from raw data, which is crucial for machine learning and data analysis tasks.
Hands-on projects: Apply what you've learned through real-world projects. Choose some data analysis and artificial intelligence projects, such as predicting sales trends, recommender systems, image classification, etc. Improve skills and experience through challenges and problems encountered in practice.
Learn about model evaluation and optimization: Learn how to evaluate model performance and perform model optimization. Learn techniques such as cross-validation, hyperparameter tuning, model fusion, and more to improve model accuracy and generalization.
Continuous learning and updating: Data analysis and artificial intelligence are fast-growing fields. To keep up with the latest technologies and algorithms, continuous learning and updating of knowledge is required. Follow relevant research papers, technical blogs and communities, and attend relevant training courses, workshops and conferences.
Participate in data analysis and artificial intelligence communities: Join online communities, forums or technical groups in the field of data analysis and artificial intelligence to communicate and share experiences with other practitioners. This results in additional insights, learning resources, and hands-on opportunities.

Remember, in the process of learning data analysis and artificial intelligence, practice and apply more, and constantly challenge yourself to solve practical problems. Improve the skills and capabilities of data analysis and artificial intelligence through practice and experience accumulation.

1.9 Information Security

Here are some suggestions and steps:

Learn Computer Fundamentals: Learn about computer fundamentals, architecture, and operating systems. Master the basic concepts and protocols of computer networks, and understand the working principles of computer systems.
Learn Cyber Security Fundamentals: Learn about basic concepts, threats, and attack types of cyber security. Learn how to protect your network from cyber attacks, including network security technologies such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and virtual private networks.
Learn Operating System Security: Learn about operating system security and secure configuration. Learn how to ensure operating system security, including access control, security policies, identity authentication, and more.
Learn the basics of cryptography: Understand the basic concepts of cryptography and cryptographic algorithms. Learn common symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption algorithms, and understand cryptography techniques such as digital signatures, key exchange, and public key infrastructure.
Learn security vulnerability analysis and vulnerability repair: understand common security vulnerability types and attack techniques, such as buffer overflow, cross-site scripting attack, etc. Learn how to conduct security vulnerability analysis and remediation, including techniques such as code auditing, vulnerability scanning, and patch management.
Learning network security tools and technologies: master commonly used network security tools and technologies, such as penetration testing tools, intrusion detection systems, honeypots, etc. Learn how to use these tools and techniques to evaluate and improve the security of your systems.
Learn Security Management and Policy: Learn about the fundamentals and practices of security management and policy. Learn how to develop security policies, establish security processes, and manage security incidents.
Learn about legal and compliance requirements: Learn about information security-related legal and compliance requirements, such as data protection regulations, privacy regulations, and more. Learn how to ensure organizational compliance and protect user privacy.
Continuous learning and updating: Information security is a constantly evolving and evolving field, and to remain competitive requires continuous learning and updating of knowledge. Stay up-to-date on the latest security threats and protection technologies, and attend relevant training courses, seminars, and conferences.
Participate in information security communities and exercises: Join online communities, forums, or technical groups in the information security field to network and share experiences with other security experts. Participate in security drills and challenges to exercise practical capabilities and the ability to solve practical security problems.

Remember, in the process of learning information security, practice and apply more, and constantly challenge yourself to solve practical security problems. Improve the skills and capabilities of information security through practice and experience accumulation.

1.10 Human-computer interaction

Learning Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) requires a certain amount of systematization and planning. Here are some suggestions and steps:

Learn the basics of human-computer interaction: understand the basic concepts, principles and development history of human-computer interaction. Learn related theories and models of human-computer interaction, such as human cognition, user behavior models, and interaction design principles.
Learn User Research Methods: Understand the basic methods and techniques of user research. Learn how to conduct user research, user behavior observation, and user surveys to understand user needs, expectations, and behaviors.
Learn User Interface Design: Master the fundamentals and techniques of user interface design. Learn how to design interfaces for usability and user experience, including aspects of information architecture, interface layout, navigation design, and visual design.
Learn interaction design tools and techniques: Learn about commonly used interaction design tools and techniques, such as prototyping tools, user testing tools, and visual design tools. Learn how to use these tools and techniques to design and evaluate user interfaces.
Learn Multimodal Interaction Design: Learn about the concepts and techniques of multimodal interaction. Learn how to design interactive systems that support multiple input and output methods, such as voice interaction, gesture interaction, and touch interaction.
Learn Accessibility Design: Learn about the principles and techniques of accessibility design. Learn how to design and develop interfaces that are inclusive of diverse groups of users, including users with disabilities such as physical, visual, and hearing impairments.
Learn to evaluate and test: Learn how to evaluate and test the usability and user experience of interactive systems. Learn user testing methods, user surveys, and evaluation metrics to improve the design and performance of interactive systems.
Learning Human-Computer Interaction Technologies and Trends: Focus on the latest technologies and trends in the field of Human-Computer Interaction, such as virtual reality, augmented reality and natural user interface, etc. Learn about the impact and applications of emerging technologies on human-computer interaction.
Hands-on projects: Apply what you've learned through real-world projects. Choose some human-computer interaction projects, such as designing a mobile application interface or developing an interactive website. Improve skills and experience through challenges and problems encountered in practice.
Continuous learning and updating: Human-computer interaction is a rapidly developing field, and to remain competitive requires continuous learning and updating of knowledge. Follow the latest research, technical blogs and communities, and attend relevant training courses, seminars and conferences.

Get involved in the HCI community and academia to network and share experiences with other practitioners. This results in additional insights, learning resources, and hands-on opportunities.

Remember, in the process of learning human-computer interaction, practice and apply more, and constantly challenge yourself to solve practical problems. Improve the skills and abilities of human-computer interaction through practice and experience accumulation.

1.11 Cloud Computing and Virtualization