1. Understand business needs
The demand for B-end products is derived from business needs. It is formulated because of business needs, rather than product managers imagining it out of thin air, thinking that this function is very powerful, and users will like it, so they will directly implement it.
Then, for PMOs and PMs who need to control the overall situation, if they cannot clarify the business process, they will fall into chaos and be difficult to deliver, and may be accused by relevant parties. Then, how to analyze the company's business related to the B-side? Yes. Solve it by following steps:
2. Identify business goals
The first step we have to do is to put aside all the details related to the business to discover the goals and expectations it wants to achieve.
First determine what the goal of the process is:
From top to bottom, the general process is divided into strategic process, operational process, and supporting process. Each type of process has different missions. That is, it is necessary to know what the process is to accomplish or what problems to solve before identifying the process. the key link.
The departments and positions involved in different types of processes are different. When sorting out processes, we must closely focus on this goal, identify whether it is a core process or a supporting process, and identify the priority of sorting out, that is, sort out the main line first.
3. Clarify the boundaries and responsibilities of relevant departments
Organization-based process first:
The process sorting work is often done from big to small, from coarse to fine. The process based on the organization structure is the foundation, and it is also a very important and time-consuming step. The workload of cross-departmental coordination is very large and difficult. This process sorting process mainly needs to solve the problem of reasonable division of labor among various departments within the enterprise or among enterprises, so as to avoid no one working, or unclear division of rights, responsibilities and interests.
If the project you are in charge of is a 0-1 project of the enterprise, then the organizational structure of this enterprise also requires you to give suggestions after the process is sorted out. Institution is one of the master data of the information system, which affects the system process and system authority management, and is the underlying design.
The following points should be paid attention to in the process of organization-based process sorting:
1. Don't be swayed by the existing departmental responsibilities of the enterprise
In many small, medium and even large enterprises, the division of responsibilities between departments is unreasonable or unclear, so when sorting out the inter-agency process, you will find that you don't know which department should give this function to.
In this case, we should make a careful analysis based on responsibilities and rights. We can learn from the experience of the Internet and peers. When necessary, we can use the company's human resources department and internal audit department to play their important role. Internal audit is to make the company's various To legalize and rationalize the work, several business departments have to be called for a meeting to discuss.
Even sometimes the company really lacks a necessary department. In this case, you can only find a department that is as legal and reasonable as possible to take on the responsibilities of the missing department. If you can't negotiate, you have to ask the boss to assign it.
2. Responsibility planning should meet organizational requirements
The formulation of organizational processes cannot be self-talk, self-directed and self-acted;
It is a business that requires cross-departmental collaboration. You can’t just say it yourself. For example, if the operation department decides to improve an operation platform, you can’t formulate a plan by yourself and give it to the boss for approval. It must go through the product department, procurement department, and financial department. Wait for approval.
Therefore, if the process setting is wrong in this case, the boss directly approves it, and after the completion, he says that it cannot be implemented. The procurement says that it needs to be customized, and the cost doubles.
3. Internal and external organizational responsibilities should be reasonable
Enterprise business will inevitably interact and cooperate with external partners, so this part must be included if the process is complete. The system may also design special functions for external partners. At this time, it is very important to pay attention to where the boundaries between the two parties are, and not to be a family. If it is necessary to treat it as a family, the business department often wants to push more work out of the cost considerations of the department, but in the process of sorting out the process, it is found that some work is risky to be pushed to others. When the two parties cooperate It is also very unclear, and it is very unreasonable from the system design level.
Then at this time, you must stick to your own opinion. After understanding the pain points of the business, find other ways to solve them, and at the same time explain the disadvantages clearly.
At this time, you should also pay attention to your communication partners. When it is difficult for the person in charge of the business to communicate (often because of their own small interests), you have to bring together the relevant functional departments such as finance and internal audit. Once compromise, The result is that I suffer with R&D and testing, and I may be scolded as unprofessional later on.
4. Clarify the functions of each position (role)
In all business practices, except for some hardware and programs, the main body is people. But people will be assigned to different positions, with different authorities and responsibilities, so we can define the classification of "roles" for all members involved in the business.
We not only need to find out the events that the roles correspond to the business process, but also determine the role they play in this event.
The job-based process should be clearly sorted out
After the organization-based process is sorted out, it is refined to the position-based process. The problems that are often encountered here are how to divide the process links and how to determine the posts. Here are some main methods:
1. Set the obvious positions first
How to determine the obvious position?
Refer to the practices of other companies in the industry
Determined based on key links in the process
Mark the more professional work
These methods can generally determine most of the common positions and functions in the entire process.
2. Process position analysis method in the fuzzy zone
Based on the time, space and interdependence generated by the activities, sort out the process links and determine whether independent posts are required to complete them. Activities that occur at different times or spaces must be divided into different process links and set up different posts to complete. If it depends on the result of the completion of another activity, it also needs to be separated.
3. One person with multiple positions does not mean one position
This kind of problem is more common in the operation process. Based on cost considerations, production managers will arrange multiple tasks for some unsaturated positions. Inexperienced product managers will misunderstand that this is all one when sorting out the process. post.
When sorting out the job process, don’t look at who is doing it now. Operational processes generally don’t determine posts by person, because process standardization is conducive to operational efficiency. Generally, it is only in the higher management positions that there is a practice of assigning positions according to the person.
5. Pay attention when sorting out business processes
1. Clear handover process
In the process, it must be clear who will hand over to whom under what circumstances and in what form, and how to judge for abnormalities
2. Don't forget about exception flow & reverse flow
The process must be closed-loop, and the exception has an exit
How to determine where there will be abnormal or reverse process?
Generally, based on the normal forward process, the binary tree-like analysis method can be used to analyze the possible results of the output of each link one by one, what is the processing flow of each result, and whether it can form a closed loop.
Most importantly, you must keep telling yourself in your mind: a complete process must include forward, reverse, and abnormal processes.
3. The work documents of each link are clear
The operation document in the production process is the information flow medium without a system, and it may also be the document type of the information system. The circulation of documents in the operation process is the basis for combing the information flow. The collection of operation documents is relatively simple. Collect all the paper documents on site and ask the on-site personnel the purpose of each paper document, in what scenario it is used, and who will confirm it.
4. Distinguish between offline process and online process
In this step of the business process, restore the offline process as much as possible. Regardless of the online process, consider how to support the online after the offline process is sorted out. Otherwise, you will not be able to truly restore the business process, because you will be affected by the current system design. .
However, in some cases, there is only an online process, so this link must be marked, either by color or by different process elements.
5. The financial process generated in the business should be sorted out synchronously
Many companies often separate settlement products from business products. If business products sort out the business process without considering the settlement process, it will be very costly to find out that the business process design is unreasonable and then change it.
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